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policy_classification

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JOR

Responding to climate change impacts in Jordan requires an eventual and necessary gradual shift to the use of water efficient crops and using efficient irrigation and cultivation technologies in appropriate agricultural lands and suitable timeframes. Key suggested measures include:. Introduce and diversify crops with low water requirements and high productivity in addition to capacity withstanding in drought, saline, and heat conditions.

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ZWE

National Development Strategy. 1.01%. 760. $1,088.99. 2. Expansion of Solar: 300 MW in 2025. System Development Plan 2017. 0.61%. 460. $304.83. 3. Expansion of microgrids: Additional of 2.098 MW of capacity added through microgrids by 2028. Rural Energy Masterplan 2021. 0.004%. 3.27. $2.96. 4. 4.1 MW biogas capacity added in 2024. ZERA annual report. 0.01%. 9.31. $13.33. 5. Energy Efficiency Improvements: Agriculture: 12% savings (2030 compared to baseline scenario); Commercial: 16% savings; Domestic: 22.08% savings; Manufacturing: 18.63% savings; Mining: 8% savings.

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BEN

MCVDD (DGEFC) and ME (DGRE) FORESTRY SECTOR Objectives of the proposed measure Quantified objective (by 2030) Unconditional* Cost in (US$ millions) Conditional * Cost in (US$ millions) Total cost in (US$ millions) Institutions responsible for implementation Reduce the rate of deforestation to a maximum of 35000 ha/year instead of the current 60.000 ha/year Strengthen actions for the protection and conservation and sustainable management of the resources of classified forests (establishment of a monitoring system, strengthening of the intervention capacities of the Forestry Engineering Cells, organization and monitoring of conservation series, reforestation, improvement and promotion of the rural timber market system, sustainable management of transumance, etc.) Implementation of the actions planned under the Benin Classified Forests Project (50%) Implementation of other similar

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BLZ

Improving public transportation;. Upgrading maintenance of bus fleet;. Improving scheduling;. Upgrading the industrial fleet;. Promoting the use of bio-fuels;. Sustainable Energy Plan. Belize’s contribution will be conducted through its Sustainable Energy Action Plan to improve energy efficiency and conservation in order to transform to a low carbon economy by 2033. The Sustainable Energy Action Plan has as its objective the reduction of Belize’s GHG emissions by 24 million metric tonnes of CO2e over the period 2014- 2033.

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MAR

Installation of several wind power plants on several sites for a total capacity equivalent to 2,180 MW by 2030. 55 234.8. 10 975.2. 2 925.0. 8. National solar plan for 2030. Installation of thermodynamic concentrated solar power plants and photo-voltaics on several sites for a total capacity equivalent to 4000 MW by 2030. 42,003.0. 8 458.5. 6,026.0. Total scenario. 140,795.2. 22,770.7. 17,081.5. 9. Industry (excluding cement and phosphates). Energy efficiency program in industry. Reduction of energy consumption in the industrial sector by 17% by 2030.

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KWT

"The environmental law also paves the way for the development, adoption, and implementation of a national strategy to reduce the state’s consumption of energy and diversify energy sources, especially increasing the percentage of clean energies, in order to achieve the vision of His Highness the late Amir of the State of Kuwait, where His Highness announced the State of Kuwait’s endeavor to increase its energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2030"

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RWA

"Rwanda will promote business conferences in efforts to maximize the distribution and volume of business travelers throughout the year. These efforts will result in increased bed occupancy at available hotels and lodges within Kigali, and subsequent visitation to its surroundings including Volcanoes National Park (VNP), Nyungwe forest and Akagera National Park Through this strategic action, Rwanda expects business and leisure tourists to increase from 545,000 people in 2012 to 1,262,000 people in 2030." (p. 7-8)

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VNM

- Applying management and technology solutions in cultivation and husbandry; improving diets for animals; shifting crop production structures; changing land-use methods; and - Applying technology to treat and reuse by-products and waste in agriculture and livestock production; developing organic agriculture.

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THA

- Public health sector aims to enhance the capacity of the public health system to manage health risks and reduce health impacts from climate change by developing health impact surveillance and prevention mechanisms and enhancing access to good quality public health services. - Natural resources management sector aims to sustainably manage natural resources and biodiversity to respond to climate change impacts by enhancing the conservation, rehabilitation, and sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity and strengthening public participation.

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VEN

Generate socio-productive alternatives and new schemes of social, economic and financial cooperation for the leveraging of ecosocialism and the establishment of fair trade, under the principles of complementarity, cooperation, sovereignty and solidarity. 5.1.3.1 Promote research, innovation and the production of technological inputs under environmental impact, as well as the rescue of ancestral technologies for agricultural and livestock production and processing, among others, increasing the efficiency and productivity indexes. 5.1.3.2. Promote the generation and social appropriation of knowledge, technology and innovation that allow the conservation and the sustainable, fair and equitable use of biological diversity, guaranteeing the sovereignty of the State over its natural resources. 5.1.3.3.

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ECU

Energy Efficiency Regulations (ISO 50001). Cogeneration in the industry. Development and promotion of a market of Energy Management Companies (ESCOs). Energy Efficiency Program - Optimization of Electricity Generation and Energy Efficiency (OGE & EE). Reduction of the burning of associated gas in torch. Use of gas associated with oil for the generation of electricity and production of LPG. (Extension of the Program). Renewable energy. Unconventional Renewable Projects Block. Geothermal Energy. Hydropower: Santiago I, II. NAMA freight and passenger transport.

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MAR

B1: Compensation for defense (90,000 ha per year);. B2: Energy efficiency through the distribution of improved ovens (6000 ovens per year);. B3: Better management of fire risks including the opening and maintenance of fire trenches (500 km per year); development of 65 water points per year; surveillance during periods of high sensitivity (1,245 lookouts per year); Monitoring and diagnosis (900 observations per year). 873.1. 130.6. 257.3. 57. Strengthening the resilience of socio-ecosystems in vulnerable areas (unconditional part).

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ATG

[9] The health sector is exposed to climate impacts through vector borne diseases and the spread of waterborne illnesses, where trends suggest increases in Antigua and Barbuda.[10] By 2030, all waterways will be protected to reduce the risks of flooding and health impacts. Climate models projecting hurricane trends have generally determined that there will be an increase in intensity, if not frequency, of hurricanes in the Atlantic and Caribbean.[11] As such, hurricanes will pose an increasing threat to Antigua and Barbuda’s economy.

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SLV

Conservation of forest areas with a focus on sustainable management and assisted natural regeneration on CEL land (Executive Hydroelectric Commission of the Lempa River). Threat of climate change against which action is taken:Events: increase in average temperature, change in precipitation patterns and extreme hydrometeorological events. Effects: dryness and heat, reduction of flows in the dry season, abrupt changes in flows in the rainy season with excesses and overflows, soil erosion and landslides. Risk reduction of (impacts of climate change and its associated variability).

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GRD

Domestic laws, regulations, and measures relevant to implementation:Grenada has been using the following policies as guiding principles for low carbon development. National Energy Policy 2011, Grenada Protected Area Systems Plan 2012, National Climate Change Policy and Action Plan (2007-2011). Relationship with inventory:Grenada’s last inventory was completed in 1994 under its First National Communication to the UNFCCC. The information derived through the INDC process will be fed into Grenada’s Second National Communication which will begin towards the end of 2015. Methodology.

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LCA

758 GgCO2-eq in 2025 and 816 GgCO2-eq in 2030, excluding LULUCF. Proposed Interventions. Energy:. Energy Efficient Buildings;. Energy Efficient Appliances;. Water Distribution; and Network Efficiency. Electricity Generation:. 35% Renewable Energy Target by 2025 and 50% by 2030 based on a mix of geothermal, wind and solar energy sources. Improvements to Grid Distribution and Transmission Efficiency. Transport:. Efficient Vehicles;. Improved and Expanded Public Transit. Estimated Impact of Emissions Reductions interventions. Reduction of 121 GgCO2-eq by 2025;. Reduction of 188 GgCO2 - eq by 2030. Conditions.

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SUR

Suriname has outlined climate resilience measures as part of the 2012-2016 National Development Plan and is currently undertaking projects and actions as a direct response to climate change. Unconditional Contribution. At the strategic level, Suriname has outlined in the 2012-2016 National Development Plan, several critical mitigation measures to be implemented which include the rehabilitation and enhancement of infrastructure such as dikes to protect the coastal zone; drainage for urban and non-urban areas; improvements to water resources management; protection of freshwater resources in ground aquifers and rivers; promotion of sustainable land management; applying innovative technologies in the use of land; and instituting measures towards increasing ecosystem resilience to ensure these naturally adapt to the changing climate.

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KHM

Providing the necessary fundamentals to understand energy efficiency issues when in professional practice to reduce. 2% in 2030. The approximate number of awareness. programmes. scheduled for a. year? (25 programmes). Reducing inefficient appliances/technologies uses. Informing the citizens of possibilities to improve EE and of related benefits. USD 20 million. USD 32 million. 1. Develop curriculum for educational institutions 2. Social media to promote saving activities and preparation and broadcasting of a documentary film on Sustainable. Energy. 30%. Conditional. Public sector and Private sector.

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TLS

Protect offshore Infrastructure against strong wave damage that impacts the distribution of gas and oil, and reduce accidents and destruction of offshore oil and gas infrastructure; including: i) early warning system equipment; ii) data information to show occurrences; iii) equipment protection. 4.2.9 National Institutional Capacity Development for Climate Change:. Strengthen the mandate of the cross-sectoral national climate change team to improve coordination and engagement. Establish a Climate Change Unit with necessary staffing and budget to engage in and support national policy development and programming activities,.

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GAB

In relation to this development, the controlled development scenario rests on:. The adoption of a Forest Code that grows forest to expand their rotations of 15 to 25 years, with rates of less damage;. The creation of 13 national parks in 2002 which banned logging in vast areas of the territory,. followed in 2012 by restrictions on large areas of the province Estuary;.

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SLV

As well as those related to the scope of the national goals of mitigation and adaptation to climate change and sustainable development corresponding to the energy sector adopted in international agreements and treaties. 2.9.1. Implementation of sustainable modes: mass public transport, use of bicycles, walking, speed restricted zones and traffic management; in consideration of road safety and promotion of public spaces. Threat of climate change against which action is taken:Manifestations: increase in temperature, extreme hydrometeorological events related to intense storms and cyclones.

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HTI

Conservation and protection of marine biodiversity and coral reefs. Support for community management of marine protected areas. Water resources. Community water supply through the construction of dams, family tanks, impluviums, hilly lakes... Development of an Atlas of water resources in a geographical information system. Physical and administrative protection (community stops) of water sources. Improvement of water table filling through reforestation activities, physical barriers (dry walls) and biodynamic barriers (sponges) in catchment areas. Watersheds.

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SSD

Short to medium term. Implement the planned Jebel Lado Irrigation Scheme. The government is currently setting up an agreement with the World Bank. Short to medium term. Rehabilitate the hydrometeorological monitoring network. South Sudan will invest in establishing and rehabilitating hydrometeorological monitoring stations to collect climate information and provide early warnings for events such as floods and droughts. Strengthen and upgrade the operations of the Water Information Management System for collecting and monitoring water-related information. Yet to be implemented. Medium term.

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KHM

Strengthen institutional capacities at national and sub-national levels to integrate gender responsiveness in climate change adaptation policies, plans, programming, including gender sensitive budgeting. Gender. MOWA. 6. Enhance coordination and implementing accountability mechanisms to reduce climate change vulnerabilities of disadvantaged women and other marginalized groups such as ethnic minority women and men, People with Disabilities (PWD), youth, and the elderly. Gender. MOWA. 7.

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PRY

MADES, INFONA, Productive Guilds. Mitigation potential: Not Estimated (NE). GHG mitigated: CH4. AGR. 7. Organic production of agricultural crops of national positioning. The measure is based on quantifying by 2030, the area destined for the organic production of agricultural crops of national positioning such as sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), allowing the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers and additionally the capture carbon. 1.Direct (3CA4) and indirect (3CA5) emissions of N2O from managed soils (fertilized agricultural soils). 2.Application of urea (3C3).

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UZB

The National SDG indicators also reflect adaptation measures, in particular:Indicator 1.5 “By 2030, increase the resilience vulnerable population, reduce their vulnerability to climate change-induced extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters”;. Indicator 6.4. “By 2030, significantly improve water use efficiency in all sectors of the economy”;. Indicator 6.5 “By 2030, ensure integrated water resources management at all levels, including, through transboundary cooperation, as necessary”;.

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MAR

Valorisation of olive pomace. Replacement of used fossil fuels (petroleum coke) with olive pomace. 1,159.5. 108.5. 0.0. 18. Valuation of fly ash. Substitution of part of the clinker by fly ash in a mixture making it possible to obtain cement with the desired characteristics and contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions by reducing the production of clinker. 4079.5. 732.5. 13.5. Total scenario. 11,026.5. 1418.8. 21.0. 19. Phosphates. Slurry pipeline Khouribga - Jorf Lasfar. Transport of phosphate by slurry pipeline replacing trains.

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IND

Biomass energy constitutes about 18% of total primary energy use in the country and more than 70% of the country’s population depends on it. However, it is currently used in an inefficient manner with high levels of indoor pollution. A number of programmes have been initiated for promotion of cleaner and more efficient use, including biomass based electricity generation. It is envisaged to increase biomass installed capacity to 10 GW by 2022 from current capacity of 4.4 GW.

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SGP

Singapore was the first country to impose a vehicle quota system to cap vehicle growth, and the only country to set a zero growth rate for cars and motorcycles. As a result, these and other earlier initiatives make it harder for Singapore to achieve steep emissions reductions because many of the gains have already been reaped through early action over the years;. Singapore is alternative energy disadvantaged.

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SDN

More than 83% of waste, i.e.6 million tons of municipal waste is left without collection, which is five times the estimated impact as set out in Sudan’s Second National Communication report (1.3 million tons). Proper waste collection is expected to eliminate the hazard of this huge amount. The objective is to treat the whole generated waste and ensure that no waste is sent to the landfill. This will lead to GHGs emission reduction, pollution control; land used saving and income generation.

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MAR

Fluorinated gases are not covered; they are rarely used in Morocco and their emissions are marginal. Sectors covered:. Electricity production. Housing (residential and tertiary). Agriculture. Industry. Transportation. Waste. Forestry. BAU Scenario. GHG emission projections for 2030, starting in 2010, which is the first year of implementation of the National Plan for the Fight against Global Warming. Projections do not take into account the mitigation measures and actions implemented from 2010. Mitigation Scenarios. GHG emission projections for 2030, starting in 2010.

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PNG

out in PNG’s Country Programme for Green Climate. Fund finance. Several major programs are already being. implemented that will contribute to achieving the. targets, and they include: PNG Electrification Programme. Pawarim Komuniti – PNG Off-grid. Electrification Program. Town Electrification National Program (TEP). Rural On-grid Electrification Program (ROGEP). The Climate Change (Management) Act 2015 is. being reviewed to provide a stronger link between. the energy sector and emissions reductions and. to create a framework for improving energy data. collection. Potential Energy Measures.

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JOR

In addition, other socioeconomic effects might be occurred such as increase risk of diseases, economical losses in means of tourism attraction level due to the loss of biodiversity, ecosystem and its goods and services, loss of fisheries or changing its distribution along the coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. 4.6.1 Enhancing the sustainable use of marine protected area for climate change adaptation. Marine protected areas constitute the key management tools for conservation of marine biodiversity in Jordan, with particular emphasis on Aqaba.

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CHN

In terms of heating, China will expedite the central heating of combined power and heat in northern cities and towns, rapidly scale up heating of industrial waste heat, steadily utilize waste heat from nuclear power for heating, and develop clean energy heating including heat pumps, gas, biomass and geothermal energy considering local conditions."

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MLI

pastoral development resilient to the changes of the land aiming at the materialization of 3,300 km of transhumance axes in order to reduce conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, the construction of 21 perimeters and pastoral areas with a total area of ​​400,000 ha;. capture and storage of rainwater in order to contribute to universal access to drinking water and access to water for other uses, through the creation of 20 drinking water supply systems and 200 surface water and surface water catchment works for 75,000 rural households (men and women);.

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BDI

Training of charcoal producerson building and using improved kilns. 1,500. Extension of improved domestic and artisanal ovens[1]. Training of craftsmen on producing improved ovens (metal and pottery). Awareness raising and promotion of improved ovens for the home and crafts industries (brickworks, tile factories, restaurants, etc.). 3,000. ANNEX: List of Acronyms and Abbreviations. ACCES: Climate Change Adaptation for Soil and Water Resources Conservation Project. CC: Climate change. CDM: Clean Development Mechanism. CO2e: Carbon dioxide equivalent. GDP: Gross domestic product.

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LBR

Develop national plan for ecosystem-based adaption in forests, coastal zones, and urban green corridors, ensuring integration of local and indigenous knowledge, cultural systems, and gender and youth considerations into adaptation plans by 2030. Establish cross-ministerial coordination mechanisms to mainstream practices for adaptive management of forests, coastal zones, and urban green corridors by 2025. Revise national policies to address interlinkages between forests and mangroves, coastal ecosystems, water quality, fisheries, mining and energy production, agricultural production, transport infrastructure, and urban green corridors by 2030.

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KOR

In 2019, the 3rd Basic Plan for the K-ETS for 2021–2030 was established, setting out ways of ETS operation for the next decade including effective reduction measures, improved allocation methods, enhanced market functions, and linkage and collaboration with international carbon markets for contributing to achieving the 2030 target. The 3rd Basic Plan for the K-ETS specifies that the updated 2030 target should be considered when setting the emissions cap and allocating tradable permits on a 5-year basis, underlining the role of the ETS for the achievement of the NDC.

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MMR

Myanmar‟s INDC identified the forest sector (including land use change from forest to non- forest) as a target sector for Myanmar‟s mitigation actions and policies. INDC‟s mitigation targets were derived from the targets set in Myanmar‟s 30-Year National Forestry Master Plan (2001-2002 to 2030-2031):. increase the area of land under Reserved Forest (RF) and Protected Public Forest (PPF) jurisdiction to 30% of the total national land area by 2030 (25.61% of RF/ PPF is completed as of June 2021); and,.

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GIN

The completion of this inventory also aims to build a targeted strategy to deal with the deforestation factors including the end of agriculture on burning and combating bush fires (including natural ones). Make effective the preservation of 1,882,000 hectares (SNDD, 2017) of classified forests and protected areas through the strengthening of control structures (Guinean Office of Parks and Reserves, nature conservators), awareness raising, participatory management, the mobilization of local authorities, the defense and systematic application of the sanctions provided for by the Forest Code.

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JPN

NF3. 0.5. 1.4 （1.2）. [value: Million tCO2eq]. * Fluorinated gases are estimated on a CY basis. 2. Removals by LULUCF. The target for removals is set as approximately 37 million t-CO2 in FY 2013 (corresponding to 2.6% reduction of total emissions (corresponding to 2.6% reduction of total emissions in FY 2005)) (approximately 27.8 million t-CO2 by forest carbon sinks measures (corresponding to 2.0% of total emissions in FY 2013 (corresponding to 2.0% reduction of total emissions in FY 2005)), and approximately 9.1 million t-CO2 by cropland management, grazing land management and revegetation (corresponding to 0.6% reduction of total emissions in FY 2013 (corresponding to 0.7% reduction of total emissions in FY 2005))). 3.

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DOM

Prevention, mitigation and remediation of pollution of the coasts and beaches with special attention to compliance and inspection to reduce the vulnerability and increase the resilience of coastal / marine systems. Manage a fund for the recovery of mangroves, estuaries and coral reefs and other ecosystems and coastal-marine species, which contributes to increasing resilience to the effects of climate change and variability.

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LBN

Empower and ensure sustainability of existing environmental health functions and services to face challenges of water security for health, water quality degradation, droughts, heat waves, food security and safety, vectors redistribution, air quality degradation, floods and other climate related natural disasters;. Upgrade epidemiological surveillance to incorporate new health outcomes in the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit;. Develop a mechanism to incorporate climate data in the national health information system;. Develop health system response strategies, plans and projects and integrate them into national health strategies. Reference document.

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HND

Water resources. Risk management. Agriculture, Soils and Food Security. Forests and biodiversity. Coastal marine systems. Human health. Infrastructures (especially hydropower). The Republic of Honduras has made good progress in establishing a favorable regulatory and institutional framework to work towards reducing its vulnerability to climate change, as demonstrated by, inter alia, the National Climate Change Strategy, the Climate Change Law, The National Strategy for Food and Nutrition Security, the National Action Plan to Combat Desertification, Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change for the Agrifood Sector, Health and Coffee Industry.

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SSD

The government will invest in carrying out forest-related research to identify tree species and breeds that can withstand extreme weather events, such as cyclones and floods, as well as other fast-growing tree species that could be used for rapid expansion of forest cover. Engage with existing research and academic institutions in South Sudan to identify tree species that can be used for supporting the country’s afforestation project. Yet to be implemented. Short term. Restore degraded areas.

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LAO

Quantitative indicators for measurement, reporting and verification of the progress on increasing the resilience of public health infrastructure and water supply system to climate change are defined in Table 1 of Appendix 2 of the Strategy on Climate Change and Health Adaptation 2018-2025, and summarized in Annex 2 of the 2020 NDC. Quantitative indicators for measurement, reporting and verification of the progress on the long-term adaptation objectives in the agriculture, forestry and land use change, energy, water resources, and transport and urban development, will be defined in the sectoral adaptation strategies and actions plans then communicated in the 2025 NDC.

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SEN

This is how the Emergence Strategy implemented since 2012 reflects Senegal s ambition to guarantee universal access to reliable, sustainable and accessible electricity by 2025. The Emerging Senegal Plan (PSE ) reinforces the orientations of the Energy Sector Development Policy Letter of October 2012 concerning electricity, hydrocarbons, accessibility to energy in rural areas, energy efficiency and domestic fuels. Electricity generation sub-sector. Context of the sub-sector.

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PRY

Legal framework that establishes the prohibition of transformation and conversion activities of wooded areas in the Eastern Region. The measure is based on compliance with Law No. 6676/20 by means of which it is extended to 2030, known as the Zero Deforestation Law in said region of the country. -Forest lands that remain as such (3B1a). -Forest land converted to farmland (3B2b). -Forest land converted to other land (3B6b). -Strategic objective 2.4. National Development Plan Paraguay 2030. -Axis 1. Agricultural Sector Policy Framework (MPSA) 2020-2030.

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MDV

Strengthen insurance schemes to enhance resilience of small-scale fishers and fishing industry to cover against losses due to extreme events and anomalies, ensuring a minimum monthly income for lost fishing days especially for small-scale fishers. Early Warning and Systematic Observation. Information and data availability on climatology, hydrology and geophysics is scarce in the Maldives. Wide geographic spread of the islands complemented with capacity constraints and inadequate resources have challenged the expansion of the observation networks.

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JOR

Continue with treated wastewater reuse in Jordan Valley and Highlands as a water augmentation tool to save freshwater. 4.1.3 Improving adaptive capacity of water utilities. Water utilities (wastewater treatment plants, water desalination plants and water distribution utilities) constitute major elements of the water resource management scope in Jordan and enhancing their effective performance and resilience to climate change impacts is a priority for strengthening the adaptive capacity of the whole sector.

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VUT

Government agencies, CSOs, private sector and academia taking responsibility for identifying their adaptation priorities and incorporating these into their policy, strategic documents, and budgets to implement adaptation and disaster risk reduction action. Initiatives endorsed by NAB adhering to an integrated approach. Formal and non-formal education programs and curriculums incorporating an integrated approach. Community Based Adaptation. Adaptation action in communities addresses real, current and priority vulnerabilities through:Community vulnerability assessments and comprehensive profiles being undertaken prior to project implementation.

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SSD

Given that much of the waste generated in the food and beverage industry is likely to be organic in nature, composting of waste, particularly in this industry, will be encouraged. Yet to be implemented. Short to medium term. Promote the use of energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy. As industry in South Sudan is currently in the development stage, any future industrial development can be based on the adoption and promotion of energy- efficient technologies.

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RWA

10,000,000. ✔. Institutional capacity development. Institutional capacity building and development for cross-sector. NDC implementation. 3,000,000. 3,000,000. ✔. Finance (Resources mobilization). Access to finance. 1,500,000. 1,500,000. ✔. TOTAL (USD). 2,290,279,044. 3,073,752,071. ✔. ✔. OVERALL COST (USD). 5,364,031,115. 40%. 60%. 7 MONITORING, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION FRAMEWORK. 7.1 Institutional arrangements for tracking NDC implementation.

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KHM

Penh and Siem Reap) analysed for mitigating UHIE and. projects are. implemented. - 2% of the existing public and commercial buildings are retrofitted with passive cooling measures. Health and well-being of the citizens, energy cost savings to the consumers, improved aesthetics, increased productivity of the population, vegetation acting as carbon sinks. Costs: USD 49 million. ROI: 22%. Payback period: 4.5 years. Urban planning, cool/green roof. and greening of. city. Conditional. 5, 7, 8,9, 11,. 29. Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities. Transport.

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MEX

To contribute to the prevention and. management of pests and diseases in. domestic animal species and vegetable. crops aggravated by climate change. B4. Strengthen environmental policy instruments. and implement actions to ensure. the protection of native crops relevant. to agriculture and food security from. the potential impacts of climate change. B5. Promote financing mechanisms that. address the negative impacts of climate. change on the primary productive sector. AXIS C. CONSERVATION, RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE. USE OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.

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MDA

Mined resources (oil and natural gas): replace water cooling systems with air cooling, dry cooling, or recirculating systems; improve design of gas turbines (inlet guide vanes, inlet air fogging, inlet air filters, compressor blade washing techniques, etc.); (re)locate in areas with lower risk of flooding/drought; build dikes to contain flooding, reinforce walls and roofs; adapt regulations so that a higher discharge temperature is allowed; consider water re‐use and integration technologies at refineries.

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AGO

Fugitive Emissions. Reduce flaring – 295 MMSCF/day. 6 670,98. 42,35%. 29 500. TOTAL. 15 754, 1. 100%. 32 313,00. Assumptions. For the measures relating to renewable energy, biomass, mini hydro, and wind power, it was considered what was identified at ENAC, which is in line with what is stated in the Angola Energy 2025 strategy, corresponding to the installation of 800 mw of renewable energy by 2025, where 500 MW was considered for biomass, 100 MW for mini hydro and 100 MW for wind.

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KHM

Promote integrated public transport systems in main cities. MPWT. Enhance maintenance and inspection of vehicle(Piloting maintenance and emission inspections of vehicles). MPWT. Reduce maintenance cost/saving cost. Reduce traffic accident, injury and fatality. reduce air pollution. reduce GHG emission5. innovate technology. E-mobility. MPWT. Establish green belts along major roads for climate change mitigation. MPWT. Shift long distance freight movement from trucks to train. MPWT. Agriculture. Increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural land management techniques (Conservation Agriculture). MAFF.

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SLB

Promote and implement community based programs and actions within a cooperative framework to strengthen social capital, skills and resilience as an adaptation strategy. Implementation of Solomon Islands National Ocean Policy. Addressing gaps in national, sector and community level adaptation and climate resilience programmes. The government is committed to undertake integrated vulnerability assessment of the whole country to identify vulnerable areas and/or sectors for adaptation action building on the existing adaptation activities and help integrate climate change into national decision-making policies and budgeting.

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KHM

“- One guidebook on climate proofing roads with design standards will be developed by 2022 - All repair and new road construction will follow the climate proofing design standard by 2030 - M&E framework develop for climate proofing standard road by 2023” (p. 124)

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SLV

El Salvador presents an adaptation measure in the Sanitation and Solid Waste sector, specifically, within the framework of comprehensive waste management, the promotion of recycling with a circular economy approach adapted to climate change and variability at the country level. The foregoing, based on compliance with and application of the Law on Comprehensive Management of Solid Waste and Promotion of Recycling and the National Plan for Comprehensive Waste Management.

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UZB

bring the area of forest plantations on the Uzbek part of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea from 28% (0.9 million hectares) to 60% (2 million hectares);. reduce pollutant emissions by 10% (from 2.5 million to 2.2 million tons);. ensure transition of 80% (about 6,500) of public transport units to gas fuel and electric traction;. increase the area covered with forests from 3.2 million to 4.5 million hectares;. increase the area of protected areas from 3.5% (1.5 million hectares) to 12% (5.4 million hectares);.

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CAF

The Central African Republic envisages a holistic approach, integrating adjustment of national policies and strategies, improvement of the legislative and regulatory frameworks, and capacity development and transfer of technology in certain priority areas. Need for technology transfer and capacity development. The target sectors and technologies are summarised in the following table:Table 3 : Target areas and technologies. Sectors. Target technologies. Energy. − Hydroelectric micro-dams− Solar heat and solar photovoltaic energy− Methanisation processes for organic matter− Improved carbonisation. Industrial processes and use of solvents.

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NRU

In common with many other small island nations the Government of Nauru realises the difficulties in terms of mitigation and has adaptation to climate change as its top priority. In this respect a transition from relying on imported fossil fuels by putting in place an indigenous solar energy supply is also an adaptation strategy to become more resilient and has as a co-benefit, mitigation. Adaptation.

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PRY

Clean water and sanitation. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5. 13. Climate action. 13.b, 13.2. Objective 4. SECTOR: WATER RESOURCES Access to safe water. Goal to 2030. Objective 21. Access safe water and promote its efficient use, through appropriate technologies for collection and storage, considering local vulnerability and climate variability. Lines of Action to 2030. Gaps and Needs to 2030.

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PAK

This cost of energy transition alone would require US$101 billion by 2030, and additional US$65 billion by 2040, on account of completing the in-progress RE projects, additional hydropower, transmission, and phasing out of coal and replacing with hydropower. From 2020, new coal power plants are subject to a moratorium, and no generation of power through imported coal shall be allowed, shelving plans for two new coal fired power plants in favor of hydroelectric power and focusing on coal gasification and liquefaction for indigenous coal.

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ALB

Increase institutional capacity, to monitor climate indicators, livestock data, regarding the number, level of production in different seasons for respective AEZ. Very High. Establishing of a weather alert system to enable livestock farmers to protect animals. Improve the capacities of livestock farmers and herders to understand and cope with risk posed by climate change in livestock. Very High. Application of subsidy schemes to farmers, for the introduction of new technologies in livestock husbandry, diversification and processing activities. Very High.

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TLS

Include ecosystem management in national planning to develop sustainable, ongoing programme, nurseries and community awareness development – 1st year assessment, 2nd year plan, 3rd year implementation and maintenance. Mangrove plantation and protection to enhance coastal resilience. 4.2.6 Livestock Production:. Improve planning and legal framework for promoting sustainable and balanced food for livestock production under increased climate variability and climate change conditions. 4.2.7 Physical Infrastructure: Improve regulations and standards for climate-resilient infrastructure:. Review existing laws, regulations and standards to enhance CC-resilience of critical infrastructure.

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RWA

"To allow precise planning of water resources and improved allocation, Rwanda will develop water balances at district and catchment levels, supported by hydrological models, improved rainfall monitoring, and a better understanding of agro-meteorology and water quality testing. The important national water datasets will be identified to enable monitoring of the water balance, model abstraction and future demand. Furthermore, assessments will be undertaken of water resources under a range of climate change scenarios. In this regard, surface water quality monitoring will be carried out on selected sites of main rivers. All the existing 53 gauging stations will be upgraded to automated real time data stations by 2030." (p. 9-10)

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UZB

"Agriculture Development Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030 (Presidential Decree No. 5853 dated 23.10.2019) serves as the country’s main policy document in the development of the agro-food sector. The implementation mechanism for key reforms is focused on nine strategic priorities, including: (i) ensuring food security of the population

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LBN

Value and sustainably manage Lebanon’s terrestrial and marine biodiversity for the preservation and conservation of its ecosystems and habitats and the species they harbour in order to adequately respond to anthropogenic and natural pressures and to ensure Lebanese citizens equal access to ecosystem goods and services. Mitigation co-benefit(s). Biodiversity management contributes to carbon sinks and the blue economy. Most relevant SDGs. SDGs 2, 4, 11, 12, 14 and 15. Key activities.

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TUN

Promotion of biological agriculture and reduction of pollution from agricultural areas due to chemical fertilizers. Improvements in the quality of manure and organic recovery of animal waste. 3 The Tunisian contribution towards adaptation. Climate studies on Tunisia have shown that the country is very exposed to climate change and that its economy, population and ecosystems are therefore very vulnerable. 3.1 Tunisia’s exposure to climate change. Temperature. Average annual temperature increase across the entire country of +2.1°C until 2050. Precipitation.

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PSE

Scrapping 60% of vehicles older than 20 years by 2030 and scrapping all vehicles older than 20 years by 2040. Conducting statutory tests on 30% of on-road vehicles by 2030, and 60% by 2040. 20% of all small transit vehicles are replaced with larger capacity buses by 2030, and 40% by 2040. The overall number of vehicles is reduced by 20% by 2030, and 40% by 2040. 5.1.5 Waste. Adaptation needs.

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PAN

For the preparation of the contribution of the Energy sector, the National Energy Plan 2015-2050 and the Strategic Guidelines of the Energy Transition Agenda (ATE) 2020-2030 were taken as a reference, which, to date, are the medium-sized planning instruments. and long term of this sector. The Strategic Guidelines of the ATE 2020-2030, propose the eight (8) National Strategies that will serve as roadmaps to take the energy sector towards a transition in which it becomes affordable, accessible, reliable, safe and sustainable for Panamanians .

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KHM

“By: 2030 - 10 River Basins have updated River Basin Management Plans - 1 Water Resource and Storage Assessment for River Basin Group completed, for 3+ River Basin Groups/25 River Basins - 1 National Water Resource Management Information Centre established, with facilities to store, analyze and report on water resources data and information, and inform management decisions, and established process for data sharing. - Development of modern and modular fit-for-purpose Decision Support Systems (database, water modelling packages, user interfaces) incorporating remote sensing and observed field data, economic and social information that covers at least 25 River Basins - 20+ of PDWRAM staff, FWUCs, and young-to-middle level Cambodian water professionals receive quarterly training in water resource management - 252 of communities educated on climate and water resource management - Establishment of 252 knowledge hubs to build local understanding of water resources (water and soil), scheme condition and performance, changes in agricultural inputs and outputs etc. - 1 National Water Analytic System covering 32 river basins” (p. 132)

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SLV

The necessary means of implementation that are beyond the reach of national finances will be established for the accomplishment of the goal. 3.4.5. In the period 2018-2025, El Salvador will begin the process of decontamination of the Acelhuate, Sucio, Suquiapa and Grande de San Miguel rivers. The necessary means of implementation that are beyond the reach of national finances will be established for the accomplishment of the goal.

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IRQ

The overall goal: To increase the resilience of the health sector to face climate change by providing the necessary and comprehensive support to health institutions and infrastructure to enhance the national response, rehabilitate health fragile communities and build their resilience and adaptation, which will contribute to achieving sustainable development goals. 4. Natural systems and forests:The most important themes:.

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KNA

For St. Kitts and Nevis the most vulnerable sectors and areas include:. Forestry and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Coastal Ecosystems. Water resources. Human Settlements. Agriculture. Tourism. Human Health. Climate change is one of the major threats for key vulnerable sectors that are linked to vital pillars for sustainable development. Forestry and water supply are intimately linked to potable water, tourism, and agriculture.

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GHA

Reduction in indoor pollution resulting from wood fuel usage. Reduction in smoke related respiratory and eye diseases Reduction in household cooking fuel expenditure. Job creation through the manufacture and sale of the efficient stoves. Expand the adoption of market-based cleaner cooking solutions. Scale up adoption of LPG use from 5.5% to 50% peri-urban and rural households up to 2030. 0.6. Scale up access and adoption of 2 million efficient cook stoves up to 2030. 50. Double energy efficiency improvement to 20% in power plants.

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TJK

power engineering and industrial facilities,. transport and housing infrastructures,. as well as in the following areas:. resilience to the hydrometeorological hazards and climate changes;. disaster risk reduction;. promotion of adaptation of globally significant biological species and natural ecosystems to climate change;. monitoring and preservation of the glaciers and water resources in the runoff formation zones under the conditions of climate warming;. improvement of occupational safety, life-sustaining activity and health of the population, maternity and childhood protection in the context of climate warming.

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MLI

Intensive rice cultivation system (IRS);. the micro-dose;. The production of 101 organic manure. Forecast of GHG emissions in the Agriculture Sector. The programs and projects above provide the GHG reductions summarized in the following figure:. Figure 10: Base Scenario, Conditional Mitigation and Unconditional Mitigation Curves for 2015-2030. Cost of mitigation measures. Emissions reduction targets are 9,759 KTeq CO2 in 2025 and 25,400 kTeq CO2 in 2030. The cost of this conditional mitigation scenario is US $ 20.6 billion.

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BEN

(ii) rehabilitation activity of the Yeripao hydroelectric power station and its extension from 505 KW to 1 MW). Electrical Distribution Project. Off-grid electricity access project. (2) Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development Strategy (Support for Energy Transition). (3) Program of development of the capacities of production and extension of the access to electricity (2021-2030). Construction projects of other thermal power plants. Construction of new oil / gas thermal power plants to bring the total installed capacity to at least 500 MW in 2030.

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LKA

2027. 4.1 Prepare appropriate criteria and list of candidate sites to be declared as high priority natural areas. 2025. 4.2 Declare and manage high priority natural areas as required through gazette notifications. 2027. 5.1.7 Health Sector. Sri Lanka has a pluralistic healthcare system that combines allopathic/western medicine, with traditional forms of treatment such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. However, the majority of investments and improvements have led to the expansion of the allopathic system and access to free healthcare for all citizens.

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CHN

To accelerate the construction of low-carbon communities in both urban and rural areas, promoting the construction of green buildings and the application of renewable energy in buildings, improving low-carbon supporting facilities for equipping communities and exploring modes of low-carbon community operation and management;. To promote the share of green buildings in newly built buildings of cities and towns reaching 50% by 2020;.

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UZB

The Law "On the Use of Renewable Energy Sources" and the Law "On Public Private Partnership" adopted in 2019 in Uzbekistan create the legal and regulatory framework to accelerate the implementation of renewable energy projects. According to the country s long-term development plans, it plans to increase the share of RES-based power generation to least 25% by 2030.

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MYS

These can be achieved through the promotion of smart farming technologies and the implementation of diversification and integrated management. Increasing Resilience for Infrastructure and Cities. In managing future risks and potential loss from climate change, Malaysia is mainstreaming climate resilience into urban planning and development of infrastructures. This will include emphasising infrastructure integrity assessments and revisions of the existing manuals and guidelines.

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CPV