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What to expect if I have Glaucoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness.
The outlook of the disease varies by type: Open-angle glaucoma With good care, most patients with open-angle glaucoma can manage their condition and will not lose vision, but the condition cannot be cured. It's important to carefully and regularly follow up with your doctor.
Angle-closure glaucoma Rapid diagnosis and treatment of an attack is key to saving your vision. Seek emergency care immediately if you have symptoms of an angle-closure attack, as blindness will occur in a few days if it is not treated.
Congenital glaucoma Early diagnosis and treatment is important. If surgery is done early enough, many patients will have no future problems. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Progeria ? | Progeria is a very rare disease in the world. The cause is not clear. Researchers found that mutations in the LMNA gene may be associated with progeria. The LMNA gene provides instructions for making lamin A protein, which is the structural scaffolding that holds the nucleus of a cell together. Researches demonstrate that the defective Lamin A protein makes the nucleus unstable. </s> |
What causes Benign positional vertigo? | Benign positional vertigo is due to a disturbance within the inner ear. The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. The canals are very sensitive to movement of the fluid, which occurs as you change position. The fluid movement allows your brain to interpret your body's position and maintain your balance.
Benign positional vertigo develops when a small piece of bone-like calcium breaks free and floats within the tube of the inner ear. This sends the brain confusing messages about your body's position. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Hymenolepis infection ? | Call your health care provider if chronic diarrhea or abdominal cramping are present. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Chickenpox ? | As chickenpox is contagious, anyone in close proximity to someone with the disease is at risk. </s> |
What causes Claudication? | Claudication is typically caused by peripheral artery disease, a disease in which a person’s arteries in his limbs are damaged. The artery damage is usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Atheroschlerosis occurs when arteries become blocked by atherosclerotic plaque, which is usually made up of fat and cholesterol. This plaque causes arteries to become rigid and constricted, which can restrict the blood flow through them.
Since arteries carry oxygen to your muscles, this can be a serious problem. The pain from claudication occurs because not enough oxygen is reaching your muscles. </s> |
What causes Rosacea? | Rosacea involves swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be associated with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis). </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Bowel obstruction ? | Call your health care provider if persistent abdominal distention develops and you are unable to pass stool or gas, or if other symptoms of bowel obstruction develop. </s> |
What are the Symptoms of Glomus tumor? | Episodes of pain radiating away from the lesion, often out of proportion relative to the small size of the tumor.
Pain can be reproduced by placing in cold water. </s> |
What to expect if I have Congenital heart disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? | How well a patient does depends on the specific defect. </s> |
What causes Gum disease? | Gingivitis is a form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease involves inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, the periodontal ligaments, and the tooth sockets (alveolar bone).
Gingivitis is due to the long-term effects of plaque deposits. Plaque is a sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris that develops on the exposed parts of the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth decay. If you do not remove plaque, it turns into a hard deposit called tartar that becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar irritate and inflame the gums. Bacteria and the toxins they produce cause the gums to become infected, swollen, and tender.
Injury to the gums from any cause, including overly vigorous brushing or flossing of the teeth, can cause gingivitis.
The following raise your risk for developing gingivitis:
General illness Poor dental hygiene Pregnancy (hormonal changes increase the sensitivity of the gums) Uncontrolled diabetes
Misaligned teeth, rough edges of fillings, and ill-fitting or unclean mouth appliances (such as braces, dentures, bridges, and crowns) can irritate the gums and increase the risk of gingivitis.
Medications such as phenytoin and birth control pills, and heavy metals such as lead and bismuth are also associated with gingivitis. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Birthmarks-red? | Skin markings that look like blood vessels Skin rash or lesion that is red
The different types of birthmark have their own appearance and typical location:
Cavernous hemangiomas may appear as a red-blue spongy mass of tissue filled with blood. Port-wine stains are most often located on the face. The size varies from very small to over half of the body surface. Salmon patches are small, pink, flat spots. They are small blood vessels (capillaries) that are visible through the skin. They are most common on the forehead, eyelids, upper lip, between the eyebrows, and on the back of the neck. Salmon patches may be more noticeable when the infant cries or during temperature changes. Strawberry hemangiomas may appear anywhere on the body, but are most common on the neck and face. They consist of small, closely packed blood vessels. </s> |
What causes Somnolence? | Having to work long hours or different shifts (nights, weekends) Medications (tranquilizers, sleeping pills, antihistamines) Medical conditions (such as hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, and hyponatremia / hypernatremia) Not sleeping for long enough Sleep disorders (such as sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy) </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Meckel%27s diverticulum ? | See your health care provider promptly if your child passes blood or bloody stool or complains repeatedly of abdominal discomfort. </s> |
What causes Hepatitis A? | Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route; that is when an uninfected person ingests food or water that has been contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. Waterborne outbreaks, though infrequent, are usually associated with sewage-contaminated or inadequately treated water.
People with HAV are infectious from the beginning of the incubation period (about a month before symptoms) until one week after they become jaundiced
Other common ways of acquiring Hepatitis A are:
Direct Person-to-person transmission Eating food made by someone who has HAV who did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom. Not washing hands after changing a diaper (young children often are asymptomatic). Having anal or oral sex with someone who has HAV. Indirect transmission Eating uncooked food that is HAV -contaminated. Cooked food can also cause hepatitis if not heated to 185°F (85°C) for 1 minute after being contaminated with HAV. Drinking contaminated water. This is a common route of infection in underdeveloped countries. Chlorinated water, such as tap water in developed countries, kills HAV. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Head lice? | Symptoms of head lice include:
Intense itching of the scalp Small, red bumps on the scalp, neck, and shoulders (bumps may become crusty and ooze) Tiny white specks (eggs, or nits) on the bottom of each hair that are hard to get off
Lice on scalp and clothing may be difficult to see, unless there are a lot of them. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Patent foramen ovale ? | Mostly patent foramen ovale stays asymptomatic. In case of development of weakness of any part of body (stroke), seek urgent care. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Hematuria? | Passing blood clots or urine appear red in color. Passing stones in urine. Occurring in the early morning void or whole day. Recent infection or a recent sore throat. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Neuroendocrine tumors? | Symptoms depend on which hormone is made by the tumor.
For example, insulinomas produce insulin, which helps the body lower blood sugar levels. Symptoms may include: Feeling tired or weak Shaking or sweating Headache Hunger Nervousness, anxiety, or feeling irritable Unclear thinking or feeling uneasy Double or blurry vision Fast or pounding heartbeat
If your blood sugar gets too low, you may faint, have a seizure, or even go into a coma.
Gastrinomas make the hormone gastrin, which tells the body to make stomach acid. Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain Diarrhea Ulcers in the stomach and small bowel Vomiting blood (occasionally)
Glucagonomas make the hormone glucagon, which helps the body raise blood sugar levels. Symptoms can include: Diabetes Red, blistery rash in the groin or buttocks Weight loss </s> |
Where to find centers that perform Dilation and curettage? | Directions to Hospitals Performing Dilation and curettage </s> |
What to expect if I have Hemangioma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Small, superficial hemangiomas often disappear on their own. About 50% go away by age 5, and 90% are gone by age 9. </s> |
What causes Protein C or S deficiency? | Congenital protein C or S deficiency is an inherited disorder, which means it is passed down through families. Congenital means it is present at birth.
The disorder causes abnormal blood clotting.
About 1 out of every 300 people has one normal gene and one faulty gene for protein C deficiency.
Protein S deficiency occurs in about 1 in 20,000 people. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Hypertriglyceridemia? | You may not notice any symptoms. People with the condition may have coronary artery disease at an early age. </s> |
What are the causes of Cri du chat? | Cri du chat syndrome is rare. It happens when genetic information on chromosome 5 is missing. One missing piece, called TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) is involved in control of cell growth, and may play a role in how some of the features of this syndrome develop.
Most cases are believed to occur during the development of the egg or sperm. A minority of cases result from one parent carrying a rearrangement of chromosome 5 called a translocation and passing this on to the baby.
Most cases of cri-du-chat syndrome are not inherited. The deletion occurs most often as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early fetal development. Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family.
About 10 percent of people with cri-du-chat syndrome inherit the chromosome abnormality from an unaffected parent. In these cases, the parent carries a chromosomal rearrangement called a balanced translocation, in which no genetic material is gained or lost. Balanced translocations usually do not cause any health problems; however, they can become unbalanced as they are passed to the next generation. Children who inherit an unbalanced translocation can have a chromosomal rearrangement with extra or missing genetic material. Individuals with cri-du-chat syndrome who inherit an unbalanced translocation are missing genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 5, which results in the intellectual disability and health problems characteristic of this disorder. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Metrorrhagia ? | Call your health care provider if:
You are pregnant There is any unexplained bleeding between periods There is any bleeding after menopause There is heavy bleeding with periods Abnormal bleeding is accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness </s> |
What to expect if I have Metabolic acidosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | What can be expected will depend on the underlying disease causing the metabolic acidosis. </s> |
What to expect if I have Lipoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outlook of lipoma is always good. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Esophageal cancer ? | Studies have found a number of factors that may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. These risk factors are outlined below:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): In some people, acid can reflex from the stomach into the esophagus. This disease is called Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Clinical data show that people with GERD have a 2-16 times higher risk of getting adenocarcinoma of the esophagus than those without GERD.
Barrett's esophagus: Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the squamous cells that usually line the esophagus are replaced with glandular cells when reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus continues for a long period of time.
Achalasia: This is a disease in which the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus does not relax properly. As the result, food has trouble in passing into the stomach and tends to collect in the esophagus, causing the esophagus above this muscle to become dilated. People with achalasia have a risk of esophageal cancer that is at least 15 times higher than the normal risk.
Stomach bacteria: Epidemiological surveys demonstrate patients treated to get rid of H. pylori often get adenocarcinoma of the esophagus more often than expected.
Injury to the esophagus: Chemicals such as lye may cause a severe chemical burn in the esophagus. The scar tissue can make the esophagus very narrow after the injury heals. People with these narrow esophageal passages have a higher rate of the squamous cell type of esophageal cancer after several years.
Workplace exposures: Clinical surveys show exposure to chemical fumes, such as solvents used for dry cleaning, may lead to an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Tobacco and alcohol
Diet: About 15% of esophageal cancer can be linked to a diet that is poor in fruits and vegetables.
Obesity
Gender: Men have a 3-fold higher rate of getting esophageal cancer than women.
Age: Most cases occur in those 65 years or older. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Brugada syndrome ? | Patients with Brugada syndrome should immediately be transported to the hospital if they suffer from cardiac arrest. Patients should seek medical care when there are symptoms such as syncope, seizures, or shortness of breath. </s> |
What to expect if I have Cellulitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Cellulitis usually goes away with 7 - 10 days of antibiotics. Longer treatment may be needed if cellulitis is more severe. This may occur if you have a chronic diseases or your immune system is not working properly. People with fungal infections of the feet may have cellulitis that keeps coming back. The cracks in the skin from the fungal infection allows the bacteria entry to the skin. </s> |
What Causes Atrial Septal Defect? | A heart normally develops with a small opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (called atria) to allow blood to bypass the lungs. As the lungs become more developed, the heart no longer needs to bypass the blood and the opening between atria will close. An atrial septal defect occurs when the opening between the two chambers does not close completely In rare cases, the hole may spontaneously close after birth. Shunting refers to when the blood flows from the left chamber to the right chamber.
If too much blood moves from the right side of the heart, pressures in the lungs build up. The shunt can be reversed so that blood flows from right to left.
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Who is at highest risk for Ankylosing spondylitis ? | The cause of ankylosing spondylitis is not clear. Researches demonstrate the following factors may be associated with this disease.
Heredity: Almost 90% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis are born with the HLA-B27 gene. Recent data demonstrate gene ARTS1 and IL23R are associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Gender: Male Age: 10~40 years old. </s> |
What causes Psoriasis? | Psoriasis cannot be spread to others. Psoriasis seems to be passed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. Skin cells grow deep in the skin and normally rise to the surface about once a month. In persons with psoriasis, this process is too fast (about 2 weeks instead of 4 weeks) and dead skin cells build up on the skin's surface. The following may trigger an attack of psoriasis or make the condition more difficult to treat:
Bacteria or viral infections, including strep throat and upper respiratory infections Dry air or dry skin Injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites Some medicines, including antimalarial drugs, beta-blockers, and lithium Stress Too little sunlight Too much sunlight (sunburn) Too much alcohol
In general, psoriasis may be severe in people who have a weakened immune system. This may include persons who have:
AIDS Autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) Cancer chemotherapy
Up to one-third of people with psoriasis may also have arthritis, a condition known as psoriatic arthritis. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Macular degeneration ? | The greatest risk factor is age. Although macular degeneration may occur during middle age, studies show that people over age 60 are at greater risk than other age groups. For instance, a large study found that people in middle-age have about a 2% risk of getting macular degeneration, but this risk increased to nearly 30% in those over age 75.
Other risk factors include:
Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of macular degeneration. Obesity: Research studies suggest a link between obesity and the progression of early and intermediate stage macular degeneration to advanced macular degeneration. Race: Caucasians are much more likely to lose vision from macular degeneration than African Americans. Family history: Those with immediate family members who have macular degeneration are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Gender: Women appear to be at greater risk than men. Diet: Diets high in fat may increase the risk of macular degeneration </s> |
What are the symptoms of Hypertension? | Most of the time, there are no symptoms. For most patients, high blood pressure is found when they visit their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere.
Because there are no symptoms, people can develop heart disease and kidney problems without knowing they have high blood pressure.
If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, confusion, changes in your vision, or nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure called malignant hypertension (patient information)|malignant hypertension </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ? | Call your health care provider if:
You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Panic disorder ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if panic attacks are interfering with your work, relationships, or self-esteem. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Otosclerosis? | Hearing loss (slow at first, but gets worse over time) Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) Vertigo or dizzines </s> |
What are the causes of Viral meningitis ? | There are many causes of aseptic meningitis, including:
Cancer (causes a syndrome similar to meningitis) Infections near the brain or spinal cord, such as epidural abscesses Fungi Medications (cause a syndrome similar to meningitis) Mycobacteria (nontuberculous) Syphilis Tick-borne diseases (such as Lyme disease) Tuberculosis Viruses
About half of aseptic meningitis cases are caused by coxsackie virus or echovirus, two members of the enterovirus family. The rate of enteroviral infections increases in the summer and early fall. Enteroviruses are spread by hand-to-mouth contact and coughing. They also may be spread by contact with fecal matter. Other viruses that cause this condition include:
Chickenpox (varicella virus) Other enteroviruses Herpes simplex viruses, usually type 2 HIV (especially acute HIV syndrome) Mumps Rabies virus West Nile virus
Risk factors for aseptic meningitis include:
Being a health care worker Having a weakened immune system Exposure to children in a day care setting Exposure to someone with a recent viral infection </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Monkeypox ? | Persons who have multiple or anonymous sexual partners and engage in unprotected sexual activities Persons who have close physical contact with infected person Daily exposure or complex exposure to infected animal. “Complex” exposures (e.g., invasive bite or scratch that breaks the skin). </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Cystocele ? | Following factors increases the risk for developing cyslocele:
Vaginal delivery of a child Risk increases with age and is seen more frequently in postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy - surgical removal of uterus Connective tissue disorders which occur in genetically predisposed women. </s> |
What to expect if I have Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outlook depends in part on the underlying cause. Strokes are potentially life-threatening, and require urgent medical care. Age and the person's overall health are taken into consideration when determining one's outlook for recovery. A substantial recovery can be expected in younger patients who have no significant medical problems.
Recovery also depends on the area of the brain that has been affected. The outlook is very poor when the patient is in a coma or cannot move both arms and legs. </s> |
What causes Kidney stone? | Kidney stones can form when urine contains too much of certain substances. These substances can create small crystals that become stones.
Kidney stones may not produce symptoms until they begin to move down the tubes (ureters) through which urine empties into the bladder. When this happens, the stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys. This causes swelling of the kidney or kidneys, causing pain. The pain is usually severe.
Kidney stones are common. A person who has had kidney stones often gets them again in the future. Kidney stones often occur in premature infants.
Some types of stones tend to run in families. Certain kinds of stones can occur with bowel disease, ileal bypass for obesity, or renal tubule defects.
There are different types of kidney stones. The exact cause depends on the type of stone.
Calcium stones are most common. They occur more often in men than in women, and usually appear between ages 20 - 30. They are likely to come back. Calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate (the most common substance), phosphate, or carbonate to form the stone. Oxalate is present in certain foods. Diseases of the small intestine increase the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria. This disorder runs in families and affects both men and women. Struvite stones are mostly found in women who have a urinary tract infection. These stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. They can occur with gout or chemotherapy.
Other substances also can form stones. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection ? | The cause of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is not clear. Some patients have other congenital heart disease. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Gilbert%27s syndrome ? | Gilbert's syndrome affects up to 10% of people in some Caucasian populations. The condition is usually noncancerous (benign). </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Organic brain syndrome ? | Call your health care provider if:
You have been diagnosed with organic brain syndrome and you are uncertain about the exact disorder. You have symptoms of this condition. You have been diagnosed with OBS and your symptoms become worse. </s> |
What causes Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? | The cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is usually unknown.
The condition affects both children and adults. Men and boys are affected slightly more often than women and girls, and it also occurs more often in African Americans. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causes about 20 - 25% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome.
Known causes include:
Heroin use HIV Inherited genetic problems Obesity Reflux nephropathy (a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidney) Sickle cell disease </s> |
What to expect if I have Anal cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The prognosis of anal cancer varies widely. It depends on the following:
The size of the tumor Location of the tumor in the anus Whether the cancer has distant spread Whether the patient has Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Whether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred </s> |
What to expect if I have Otitis media (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Otitis media's prognosis is usually good without treatment. Otitis media from infection will usually go away naturally within two weeks. Otitis media from non-infectious causes with fluid buildup will usually go away naturally within 3 months. Complications from otitis media, including meningitis and mastoiditis (infections of the brain and bones around the skull, respectively) can lead to poor prognosis without treatment. Untreated otitis media may lead to permanent hearing impairment due to persistent fluid in the middle ear reducing a child's hearing. Children who have early hearing impairment from frequent ear infections are likely to have speech and language disabilities. </s> |
How do I upload a slide or a slideset for downloading? | 1. First upload your slides to the server by clicking on the button on the left toolbar that says "Upload file" or by clicking here
2. Follow the instructions on that page.
3. There will be a box that says "Destination filename"
4. Copy the name of the file from this box
5. Insert the following code media:your filename goes here </s> |
What to expect if I have Viral hemorrhagic fever (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Hemorrhagic fever varies in severity. Severe infections with internal bleeding and fever (hemorrhagic fever) are deadly in up to half of cases. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Schwannoma ? | Call your health care provider if you experience new or worsening hearing loss or vertigo (dizziness). </s> |
What to expect if I have Lyme disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? | For early cases, prompt treatment is usually curative. However, the severity and treatment of Lyme disease may be complicated due to: Late diagnosis Failure of antibiotic treatment Coinfection with other tick-borne diseases including Ehrlichiosis and Babesiosis Immune suppression in the patient Some patients with Lyme disease have fatigue, joint and/or muscle pain, and neurocognitive symptoms persisting for years despite antibiotic treatment. Patients with late stage Lyme disease have been shown to experience a level of physical disability similar to that seen in congestive heart failure. Though rare, Lyme disease can be fatal. </s> |
What causes Ventricular septal defect? | Before a baby is born, the right and left ventricles of its heart are not separate. As the fetus grows, a wall forms to separate these two ventricles. If the wall does not completely form, a hole remains. This hole is known as a ventricular septal defect, or a VSD.
Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects. The baby may have no symptoms, and the hole can eventually close as the wall continues to grow after birth. If the hole is large, too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to heart failure. The cause of VSD is not yet known. This defect often occurs along with other congenital heart defects.
In adults, ventricular septal defects are a rare but serious complication of heart attacks. These holes are related to heart attacks and do not result from a birth defect. </s> |
What is rivaroxaban? | Rivaroxaban is a prescription medicine used to:
Reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots in people who have a medical condition called atrial fibrillation. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can travel to the brain, causing a stroke, or to other parts of the body. Treat blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) and reduce the risk of them occurring again. Reduce the risk of forming a blood clot in the legs and lungs of people who have just had hip or knee replacement surgery.
It is not known if rivaroxaban is safe and effective in children. </s> |
What to expect if I have Diabetic nephropathy (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Nephropathy is a major cause of sickness and death in persons with diabetes. It is the leading cause of long-term kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease in the United States, and often leads to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation. The condition slowly continues to get worse once large amounts of protein begin to appear in the urine or levels of creatinine in the blood begin to rise. Complications due to chronic kidney failure are more likely to occur earlier, and get worse more rapidly, when it is caused by diabetes than other causes. Even after dialysis or transplantation, persons with diabetes tend to do worse than those without diabetes. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Menkes disease ? | Talk to your health care provider if you have a family history of Menkes syndrome and you plan to have children. A baby with this condition will often show symptoms early in infancy. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Drug-induced lupus erythematosus ? | The major risk factor for developing drug-induced lupus is chronic, long-term use of a drug known to cause Drug induced lupus. </s> |
What to expect if I have Nephritic syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The outlook depends on the disease causing the nephritis. When the condition improves, symptoms of fluid retention (such as swelling and cough) and high blood pressure may go away in 1 or 2 weeks. However, urine tests take months to return to normal.
Children tend to do better than adults and usually recover completely. Only rarely do they develop complications or progress to chronic glomerulonephritis.
Adults do not recover as well or as quickly as children. Although it is unusual for the disease to return, at least one-third of adults whose acute nephritic syndrome does return will eventually develop end-stage kidney disease. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Reactive attachment disorder ? | This disorder is usually identified when a parent (or prospective parent) is at high risk for neglect or when an adoptive parent has difficulty coping with a newly adopted child.
If you have recently adopted a child from a foreign orphanage or another situation where neglect may have occurred and your child shows these symptoms, see your health care provider. </s> |
What causes West nile virus disease? | West Nile virus was first identified in 1937 in Uganda in eastern Africa. It was first discovered in the United States in the summer of 1999 in New York. Since then, the virus has spread throughout the United States.
The West Nile virus is a type of virus known as a flavivirus. Researchers believe West Nile virus is spread when a mosquito bites an infected bird and then bites a person.
Mosquitoes carry the highest amounts of virus in the early fall, which is why the rate of the disease increases in late August to early September. The risk of disease decreases as the weather becomes colder and mosquitoes die off.
Although many people are bitten by mosquitoes that carry West Nile virus, most do not know they've been exposed. Few people develop severe disease or even notice any symptoms at all.
West Nile virus may also be spread through blood transfusions and organ transplants. It is possible for an infected mother to spread the virus to her child through breast milk. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Hyperaldosteronism? | Fatigue Headache Hypertension Intermittent paralysis Muscle weakness Numbness </s> |
What to expect if I have Anencephaly (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The prognosis for babies born with anencephaly is extremely poor. If the infant is not stillborn, then he or she will usually die within a few hours or days after birth.
Anencephaly is one of the most common types of neural tube defect, affecting about 1 in 1,000 pregnancies. However, most of these pregnancies end in miscarriage, so the prevalence of this condition in newborns is much lower. An estimated 1 in 10,000 infants in the United States is born with anencephaly. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Chronic stable angina ? | You should seek medical care if you are experiencing:
New, unexplained chest pain, upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting Lightheadedness or fainting Breaking out in a cold sweat
If the symptoms mentioned above persists for more than 15 minutes even after resting or three doses of nitroglycerin or is worsening, call 911 immediately as these symptoms could be the signs of a heart attack (also called myocardial infarction or MI) because immediate treatment is essential.
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What to expect if I have Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Comparing to other types of stroke, the prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is more favorable. In 80% of patients with CVT, there are no functional disabilities. In the acute phase of CVT 5-10% of patients die. A significant number of patients suffer from chronic complications as headache, fatigue, memory and concentration deficits, or residual epilepsy. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Paget%27s disease of the breast ? | Call your health care provider if symptoms of Paget's disease of the breast develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Development of a lump or swelling in the breast or underarm area
Skin irritation or dimpling, nipple pain or retraction, redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin
A discharge other than breast milk </s> |
What to expect if I have Glycogen storage disease type III (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Since treatments have been developed, growth, puberty, and quality of life have improved for people with cori disease. Those who are identified and carefully treated at a young age can live into adulthood.
Early treatment also decreases the rate of severe problems such as:
Life-threatening low blood sugar Liver tumors Muscle weakness Heart abnormalities </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Secondary amenorrhea ? | Procedures such as a dilation and curettage (D and C) can lead to scar tissue formation that may cause a woman to stop menstruating. This is called Asherman syndrome. Scarring may also be caused by some severe pelvic infections. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Aarskog-Scott syndrome? | Symptoms of Aarksog-Scott syndrome:
Distinct facial features such as: a downward slant to the eyes, hairline with a " widow's peak, a long area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), poorly developed midportion of the face and overall rounding of the face, small nose with nostrils tipped forward, wide-set eyes (hypertelorism) with droopy eyelids, and a wide groove above the upper lip, crease below the lower lip Other body features: belly button that sticks out, bulge in the groin or scrotum (inguinal hernia) or soft out-pouching around the belly button (umbilical hernia), delayed dental development, mildly sunken chest (pectus excavatum), mild to moderate short stature which may not be obvious until the child is 1 - 3 years old, short fingers and toes with mild webbing (syndactyly), single crease in palm of hand (simian crease), small, broad hands and feet with short fingers (brachydactyly) and curved-in 5th finger (fifth finger clinodactyly), and top portion of the ear folded over slightly of the ear folded over slightly Reproductive development issues: delayed sexual maturation, shawl scrotum in which the scrotum surrounds the penis; less often, males have undescended testiles (cryptorchidism) Mild to moderate neurological delay
Some people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome are born with more serious abnormalities, such as heart defects or a cleft lip with or without an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). </s> |
What to expect if I have Laryngopharyngeal cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Throat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life.
After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Herpes zoster ? | Herpes zoster usually clears in 2 to 3 weeks and rarely recurs. If the virus affects the nerves that control movement (the motor nerves), you may have temporary or permanent weakness or paralysis. Sometimes, the pain in the area where the shingles occurred may last from months to years. </s> |
What causes Scleroderma? | The cause of scleroderma is unknown. People with this condition have a buildup of a substance called collagen in the skin and other organs. This buildup leads to the symptoms of the disease. </s> |
What to expect if I have Blepharitis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | The likely outcome is good with treatment. Continued attention to lid cleanliness may be required to prevent repeated problems. Continued treatment will typically make the eyes less red and more comfortable. </s> |
What to expect if I have Buerger%27s disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Prognosis of Buerger's disease varies from person to person, depending on:
The patient's life-style The severity of the damaged vessles </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Hypothyroidism ? | Hashimoto’s disease Thyroiditis Congenital hypothyroidism Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland Radiation therapy of the thyroid Some medications, such as amiodarone, propylthiouracil, methimazole and Lithium. Age over 50 years Female </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin ? | Clinical data suggests that the development of squamous cell carcinoma is related to several factors.
Sunlight(solar UV radiation): Excessive exposure to sunlight is thought to be the largest risk factor for developing squamous cell carcinoma.
Fair skin: Data show that caucasian persons and persons with fair skin are at higher risk for skin cancer than darker skinned persons.
Genetic factors: Some persons are genetically more at risk to develop skin cancer, and may have a history of skin cancer in their family.
Immunosuppressive factors: Persons who have been treated with immunosuppressive medications such as transplant patients, have an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP): Patients with XP are at higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma because thay cannot repair the damage caused by sunlight.
Chemical exposure: Work exposure to large amounts of arsenic, tar, coal, or paraffin increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma.
Radiation exposure
Age: Epidemiological data suggests that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma increases with age.
Gender: Men are at greater risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma than women. </s> |
What causes Pre eclampsia? | The exact cause of preeclampsia is not known.
Possible causes include:
Autoimmune disorders Blood vessel problems Diet Genes
Preeclampsia occurs in a small percentage of pregnancies. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Tricuspid atresia ? | If your infant has new changes in breathing patterns, eats less (decreased feeding), or has skin or mucous membranes that are turning blue (cyanotic), contact your health care provider immediately. </s> |
How do I insert a reference? | To learn how to insert references Click here </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Benign prostatic hyperplasia ? | The likelihood of developing an enlarged prostate increases with age. BPH is so common that it has been said all men will have an enlarged prostate if they live long enough. A small amount of prostate enlargement is present in many men over age 40 and more than 90% of men over age 80. No risk factors have been identified other than having normally functioning testicles. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Kernicterus ? | Seek immediate medical help if your baby has signs of this condition. </s> |
What to expect if I have Concussion (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, be unable to remember things, have headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to get help from family or friends before making important decisions. </s> |
What genes are related to Shwachman-Diamond syndrome? | Mutations in the SBDS gene have been identified in about 90 percent of people with the characteristic features of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. This gene provides instructions for making a protein whose function is unknown, although it is active in cells throughout the body. Researchers suspect that the SBDS protein may play a role in processing RNA (a molecule that is a chemical cousin of DNA). This protein may also be involved in building ribosomes, which are cellular structures that process the cell's genetic instructions to create proteins. It is unclear how SBDS mutations lead to the major signs and symptoms of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.
In cases where no SBDS mutation is found, the cause of this disorder is unknown. </s> |
What causes Hurler syndrome? | Persons with Hurler syndrome do not make a substance called lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase. This substance, called an enzyme, helps break down long chains of sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (formerly called mucopolysaccharides). These molecules are found throughout the body, often in mucus and in fluid around the joints.
Without the enzyme, glycosaminoglycans build up and damage organs, including the heart. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Hurler syndrome is inherited, which means that your parents must pass the disease on to you. Both parents need to pass down the faulty gene in order for you to develop Hurler syndrome.
Hurler syndrome is a type of mucopolysaccharidosis called MPS I. Hurler syndrome is the most severe type. It is categorized as MPS I H.
The other subtypes of MPS I are:
MPS I H-S (Hurler-Scheie syndrome) MPS I S (Scheie syndrome) </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Pulmonary embolism ? | Certain conditions carry a significantly increased risk of pulmonary embolism. These conditions are:
Thrombophilias are a group of conditions in which blood has an increased tendency to clot. Thrombophilias can be inherited or acquired. Acquired thrombophilias occur in association with other medical conditions such as polycythemia vera or antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome.
These are other conditions which also increase one's risk of having a PE: Pregnancy Obesity Smoking Cancer Heart failure Previous PE Medications such as oral contraceptive pills, tamoxifen, and hormone replacement therapy. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Corticobasal degeneration? | Initial symptoms, which typically begin at or around age 60, may first appear on one side of the body (unilateral), but eventually affect both sides as the disease progresses.
Symptoms include:
Poor coordination, Akinesia (an absence of movements), Rigidity (a resistance to imposed movement), Disequilibrium (impaired balance), Limb dystonia (abnormal muscle postures).
Other symptoms:
Cognitive and visual-spatial impairments, Apraxia (loss of the ability to make familiar, purposeful movements), Hesitant and halting speech, Myoclonus (muscular jerks), Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). </s> |
What to expect if I have Tension headache (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Tension headaches often respond well to treatment, and do not cause serious medical problems. However, chronic tension headaches can have a negative impact on the quality of life and work. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Endodermal sinus tumor? | The symptoms of endodermal sinus tumor include abdominal distention, acute/sub acute abdominal pain. </s> |
How is Avian influenza different in animals vs. humans? | Avian influenza in birds: Avian influenza is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. These influenza viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. However, avian influenza is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick and kill them.
Human infection with avian influenza viruses: There are many different subtypes of type A influenza viruses. Usually, “avian influenza virus ” refers to influenza A viruses found chiefly in birds, but infections with these viruses can occur in humans. The risk from avian influenza is generally low to most people, because the viruses do not usually infect humans. However, confirmed cases of human infection from several subtypes of avian influenza infection have been reported since 1997. Most cases of avian influenza infection in humans have resulted from contact with infected poultry (e.g., domesticated chicken, ducks, and turkeys) or surfaces contaminated with secretion / excretions from infected birds. The spread of avian influenza viruses from one ill person to another has been reported very rarely, and has been limited, inefficient and unsustained.
“Human influenza virus ” usually refers to those subtypes that spread widely among humans. There are only three known A subtypes of influenza viruses (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2) currently circulating among humans. Influenza A viruses are constantly changing, and they might adapt over time to infect and spread among humans.
During an outbreak of avian influenza among poultry, there is a possible risk to people who have contact with infected birds or surfaces that have been contaminated with secretions or excretions from infected birds. </s> |
What are the symptoms of empyema? | Chest pain, which worsens when you breathe in deeply (pleurisy) Dry cough Excessive sweating, especially night sweats Fever and chills General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Shortness of breath Weight loss (unintentional) </s> |
What are the symptoms of Echinococcosis? | A liver cyst may produce no symptoms for 10 - 20 years until it is large enough to be felt by physical examination. Symptoms include:
Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen Bloody sputum Chest pain Cough Fever Severe skin itching </s> |
What causes Otalgia? | The eustachian tube runs from the middle part of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube drains fluid that is normally made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid can build up. This may lead to pressure behind the eardrum or an ear infection.
Ear pain in adults is less likely to be from an ear infection. What you think is ear pain may actually be coming from another location, such as your temporomandibular joint, your teeth, throat, or other location. This is called "referred" pain.
Causes of ear pain may include:
Arthritis of the jaw Acute ear infection Chronic ear infection Ear injury from pressure changes (from high altitudes and other causes) Object stuck in the ear or severely impacted ear wax Ruptured or perforated eardrum Sinus infection Sore throat with referred pain to the ears Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ) Tooth infection
Ear pain in a child or infant may be due to infection, or the following causes:
Ear canal irritation from cotton-tipped swabs Soap or shampoo staying in the ear </s> |
What are the symptoms of Relapsing fever? | Bleeding Coma Facial droop Headache Joint aches (arthralgia) Muscle aches (myalgia) Nausea Neck stiffness Rigors Seizures Sudden onset of high fever Unsteady gait Vomiting Weakness </s> |
What causes Achlorhydria? | This condition may occur spontaneously as a result of a clinical disorder or from drug administration (iatrogenic). Studies demonstrate that prior gastric bypass surgery, chronic gastric H pylori infection, chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, or some autoimmune conditions such as diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease may be associated with achlorhydria. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Gestational diabetes? | Usually there are no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and not life threatening to the pregnant woman. Often, the blood sugar (glucose) level returns to normal after delivery.
Symptoms may include:
Blurred vision Fatigue Frequent infection s, including those of the bladder, vagina, and skin Increased thirst Increased urination Nausea and vomiting Weight loss in spite of increased appetite </s> |
What are the symptoms of Bronchiectasis? | Symptoms often develop gradually, and may occur months or years after the event that causes the bronchiectasis.
They may include:
Bluish skin color Breath odor Chronic cough with large amounts of foul-smelling sputum Clubbing of fingers Coughing up blood Cough that gets worse when lying on one side Fatigue Paleness Shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise Weight loss Wheezing </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scarlet fever ? | If you think your child has scarlet fever, take your child to his or her doctor right away. The doctor may give your child drugs that fight germs (antibiotics). Do not let your child return to daycare or school until he or she has taken the antibiotics for at least 24 hours. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Endometritis? | Abdominal distention or swelling Abnormal vaginal bleeding Abnormal vaginal discharge Discomfort with bowel movement (constipation may occur) Fever (100 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Lower abdominal or pelvic pain (uterine pain) </s> |
What causes AIDS? | Anyone can get HIV. The most important thing to know is how you can get the virus. You can get HIV:
By having unprotected sex- sex without a condom- with someone who has HIV. The virus can be in an infected person’s blood, semen, or vaginal secretions and can enter your body through tiny cuts or sores in your skin, or in the lining of your vagina, penis, rectum, or mouth. By sharing a needle and syringe to inject drugs or sharing drug equipment used to prepare drugs for injection with someone who has HIV. From a blood transfusion or blood clotting factor that you got before 1985. (But today it is unlikely you could get infected that way because all blood in the United States has been tested for HIV since 1985.) Babies born to women with HIV also can become infected during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.
You cannot get HIV:
By working with or being around someone who has HIV. From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday things like sharing a meal. From insect bites or stings. From donating blood. From a closed-mouth kiss (but there is a very small chance of getting it from open-mouthed or "French" kissing with an infected person because of possible blood contact). </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ? | Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who have decreased access to fluids or any condition that limits fluid intake or during an illness such as pneumonia, heart attack, stroke or pregnancy are at highest risk for the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. This condition has also been seen in type 1 diabetes, children, and young adults, but less common. </s> |