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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kalvialaya'
Kalvialaya is a NGO registered in 2010, | Kalvialaya is a NGO registered in 2010, an initiative by M Selvakumar, an alumnus of PSBB school, to help the rural and disadvantaged children of India get education, coaching and guidance. The program helps young people learn to communicate, to build self-esteem, and to make healthy decisions for their futures. It also teaches professional skills to give them greater opportunities for employment, thus lowering their likelihood of future delinquency.
The organisation works for the benefit of poor communities of villages in and around Pilapur near Chengelpattu, Kanchipuram District, Madhuranthakam Taluk to combat the continuous adoption of child labour, low daily wages, domestic and community violence, and high levels of unemployment. History
M Selvakumar, himself a beneficiary of the school institution's benevolence towards the under-privileged, started the Kalvialaya in the year 2010. He was awarded the Shiksha Seva Ratna award for the activities of Kalvialaya by Dr (Mrs) Y. G. Parthasarathy, Dean and Director of PSBB schools. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '18th-century French literature'
18th-century French literature is French literature written | 18th-century French literature is French literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798, the year of the coup d'État of Bonaparte which brought the Consulate to power, concluded the French Revolution, and began the modern era of French history. This century of enormous economic, social, intellectual and political transformation produced two important literary and philosophical movements: during what became known as the Age of Enlightenment, the Philosophes questioned all existing institutions, including the church and state, and applied rationalism and scientific analysis to society; and a very different movement, which emerged in reaction to the first movement; the beginnings of Romanticism, which exalted the role of emotion in art and life. In common with a similar movement in England at the same time, the writers of 18th century France were critical, skeptical and innovative. Their lasting contributions were the ideas of liberty, toleration, humanitarianism, equality, and progress, which became the ideals of modern western democracy. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Trill (music)'
The trill (or shake, as it was | The trill (or shake, as it was originally called) is a melodic ornament common in African-American classical and jazz music. It is typically performed on the lower registers of the voice, as an ornamentation used to add emphasis or to create a sense of rhythm. The trill is also used in popular music, such as funk and soul, to add a sense of rhythm or to imitate the sound of a trumpet or trombone. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bank rate'
Bank rate, also known as discount rate | Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank. The bank rate is known by a number of different terms depending on the country, and has changed over time in some countries as the mechanisms used to manage the rate have changed. Whenever a bank has a shortage of funds, they can typically borrow from the central bank based on the monetary policy of the country. The borrowing is commonly done via repos: the repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends short-term money to the banks against securities. It is more applicable when there is a liquidity crunch in the market. In contrast, the reverse repo rate is the rate at which banks can park surplus funds with the reserve bank, which is mostly done when there is surplus liquidity. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jerry Nadler'
Jerrold Lewis Nadler (; born June 13, | Jerrold Lewis Nadler (; born June 13, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician, serving as the U.S. representative for since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he is in his 15th term in Congress. He was originally elected to represent the state's 17th congressional district (1992–1993), which was renumbered the 8th congressional district (1993–2013) and now is the 10th congressional district. Nadler has chaired the House Judiciary Committee since 2019. The 10th congressional district includes Manhattan's west side, from the Upper West Side down to Battery Park, including the World Trade Center; the Manhattan neighborhoods of Chelsea, Hell's Kitchen, and Greenwich Village; and parts of Brooklyn, such as Coney Island, Bensonhurst, Borough Park, and Bay Ridge. It includes many of New York City's most popular tourist attractions, including the Statue of Liberty, New York Stock Exchange, Brooklyn Bridge, and Central Park. Nadler is the dean of New York's delegation to the House of Representatives. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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Why is the Westboro Baptist Church protesting at the vigil for Connecticut school shooting victims? I don't wan' t "Because they're batshit crazy"; what is their reasoning for picketing there? Explain like I' m five. | The Westboro Baptist Church is a small, extreme religious group that believes that tragedies like school shootings are the result of God's punishment for society's sins, particularly the acceptance of homosexuality. They believe that it is their duty to spread this message and protest at events like funerals and vigils in order to try to bring people to their way of thinking. However, their actions are highly controversial and widely condemned, as they often cause further pain and suffering to the families and friends of the victims. It is important to remember that the vast majority of religious people do not condone the actions of the Westboro Baptist Church and that their views do not represent the views of the broader religious community. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Doris Eaton Travis'
Doris Eaton Travis (March 14, 1904 – May | Doris Eaton Travis (March 14, 1904 – May 11, 2010) was an American dancer, stage and film actress, dance instructor, owner and manager, writer, and rancher, who was the last surviving Ziegfeld Girl, a troupe of acclaimed chorus girls who performed as members in the Broadway theatrical revues of the Ziegfeld Follies. She began performing onstage as a young child, and along with her siblings, she was one of The Seven Little Eatons, an extended family of show-business performers. She made her Broadway debut in stage production at age 13, and a year later she was cast as a member of the famed Ziegfeld Follies—the youngest ever cast in the show. She continued to perform in stage productions and silent films throughout the 1920s and early 1930s.
When her career in stage and screen declined, Travis started a second career as an dance instructor for the Arthur Murray Studios and was a local television personality in Detroit. Her association with Arthur Murray lasted for three decades, during which time she rose through the ranks to own and manage a chain of nearly twenty schools. After retiring from her career with Arthur Murray, she went on to manage a horse ranch with her husband and returned to school, eventually earning several degrees. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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What do blood thinners actually do? I use medication such as ibuprofen but I don't actually know what it does to my body. Explain like I' m five. | Blood thinners are medications that help to prevent blood clots from forming in your veins and arteries. When a blood clot forms, it can block the flow of blood to a part of your body, which can be very dangerous. For example, if a blood clot forms in an artery leading to your heart, it could cause a heart attack. If a blood clot forms in an artery leading to your brain, it could cause a stroke.
Blood thinners work by making it harder for your blood to clot. They do this by preventing certain substances in your blood from sticking together and forming clots. This can help to reduce your risk of heart attack, stroke, and other problems caused by blood clots.
Ibuprofen is a different type of medication. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to reduce pain and inflammation. It works by blocking the production of certain chemicals in your body that cause inflammation. This can help to reduce swelling, stiffness, and pain. Ibuprofen is often used to treat conditions such as headaches, toothaches, and muscle aches. It is available over the counter and does not require a prescription. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lol Hamlett'
Thomas Lawrence Hamlett (24 January 1917 – | Thomas Lawrence Hamlett (24 January 1917 – 22 May 1986) was an English footballer who played at right-back for Congleton Town, Bolton Wanderers, and Port Vale. He scored nine goals in 181 league appearances in the six seasons of the Football League immediately following World War II. He later spent 25 years on the coaching staff at Port Vale, from July 1958 to March 1983. Playing career
Hamlett became an apprentice joiner and played for Cornhill White Star and Chell Heath, whilst representing North Staffordshire Schoolboys. He had trials at Blackpool and Stoke City. He was signed to Congleton Town, before joining Bolton Wanderers for a Cheshire County League record transfer fee of £750. World War II devastated his career, limiting him to guest appearances for Stoke City and Manchester United. Playing for Stoke, he scored two goals in 35 games in 1941–42, one goal in 34 games in 1942–43, and then played ten games in the 1943–44 season. A brief 19 game spell in the Cheshire League with Mossley followed in the first post war season of 1945–46, before he returned to Bolton. That season he was also called up to the England team as a reserve for the games against Switzerland and France. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Monday Merotohun'
Monday Merotohun (born 2 November 1977 in | Monday Merotohun (born 2 November 1977 in Auckland) is a New Zealand cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler.
Merotohun made his first-class debut for Auckland in the 1997/98 season, and played two further first-class matches that season. He made his List A debut in the 1997/98 Ford Trophy, playing a single match. His next List A match came in the 1999/00 Ford Trophy, when he played two matches. Merotohun has played 41 first-class matches, scoring 571 runs at an average of 20.71, with a single century score of 137 not out. He has also played 18 List A matches, scoring 261 runs at an average of 38.22, with a single half century score of 73 not out. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'J. Rendel Harris'
James Rendel Harris (Plymouth, Devon, 27 January | James Rendel Harris (Plymouth, Devon, 27 January 1852 – 1 March 1941) was an English biblical scholar and curator of manuscripts, who was instrumental in bringing back to light many Syriac Scriptures and other early documents. His contacts at the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt enabled twin sisters Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson to discover there the Sinaitic Palimpsest, the oldest Syriac New Testament document in existence. He subsequently accompanied them on a second trip, with Robert Bensly and Francis Crawford Burkitt, to decipher the palimpsest. He himself discovered there other manuscripts (073, 0118, 0119, 0137, a Syriac text of the Apology of Aristides etc.,). Harris's Biblical Fragments from Mount Sinai appeared in 1890. He was a Quaker. Life
Harris was born to a Congregationalist family and grew up as one of eleven children. His father, Henry Marmaduke Harris, was a house decorator. His mother, Elizabeth Corker Harris, ran a shop selling baby clothes. His paternal aunt, Augusta Harris, was the mother of the poet Henry Austin Dobson. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Up Goes Maisie'
Up Goes Maisie is a 1946 American | Up Goes Maisie is a 1946 American black and white comedy-drama film directed and written by George Cukor, from a screenplay by Ben Hecht, Charles MacArthur and Howard Koch. The film stars Maureen O'Hara, James Stewart, and Ann Sheridan.
The film tells the story of an unassuming womanizer who is mistaken for a wealthy widower and marries into a noble family. Maisie learns the ropes of being a member of a high society family, but finds her true identity still waiting to be discovered.
The film was remade in 1971 as Up the Academy, with Ryan O'Neal in Stewart's role and Candice Bergen as Maisie. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Il prigionier superbo'
Il prigionier superbo (English: The Proud Prisoner) | Il prigionier superbo (English: The Proud Prisoner) is a 1971 Italian drama film directed by Mario Monicelli. It was entered into the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.
The film is set in a prison in northern Italy during World War II. It tells the story of an unjustly incarcerated man, Battista, who is tormented by his thoughts and feelings of inferiority. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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How were movies edited before the invention of the computer? Especially movies like King Kong. My mind is boggled at people able to edit king holding a person in his hand without a computer. Please explain like I' m five. | Movies used to be shot on 35 mm film. Directors & editors would view everything that was shot. They would cut the films apart and splice together what they wanted. The rest was discarded, or saved for later. This is where the expression''Left on the cutting room floor''came from. They would edit by hand. Special effects like King Kong could be done with models and things. They could also shoot part of a scene with a blocker preventing part of the film from being exposed and then use the same film to shoot the other part of the scene with the other part exposed. Like filming the left half of the screen separate from filming the right half of the screen so that you have a character playing their own twin on screen at the same time. A lot of those old effects are very large props (or conversely miniature models) shot to give the perspective of a giant ape. As for editing and adding post effects, everything was done directly with the physical film. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lucius Artorius Castus'
Lucius Artorius Castus (fl. 2nd century AD) | Lucius Artorius Castus (fl. 2nd century AD) was a Roman general and statesman. He is known for his victory over the Alamanni in 193 BC, and for his role in the Second Punic War.
Castus was born into a noble family of the Roman Republic around 150 BC. He became a military officer during the Social War, and fought against the Samnites. From 102 BC to 97 BC he was consul, and from 97 BC to 86 BC he served as proconsul of Hispania Citerior. Castus was one of the most successful generals of his time, winning many victories in Gaul and Hispania. In 73 BC he was appointed governor of Syria by Julius Caesar, but he resigned after a few months due to ill health. In 45 BC he was elected praetor urbanus, and in 43 BC he was appointed governor of Illyricum. In 40 BC he was appointed proconsul of Africa, and in 38 BC he became governor of Numidia.
Castus fought against the Parthians in their campaigns in Armenia and Mesopotamia. In 33 AD he was appointed governor of Germania Superior, and in 29 AD he became proconsul of Syria again. In 26 AD he was appointed governor of Asia province, but he resigned after two years due to ill health. In 21 AD Castus was elected consul for the third time, but he died before taking office. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eric Lindros'
Eric Bryan Lindros (; born February 28, | Eric Bryan Lindros (; born February 28, 1973) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Lindros was born in London, Ontario, but grew up in Toronto. He played junior hockey in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) for the Oshawa Generals prior to being chosen first overall in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. He refused to play for the Nordiques and was eventually traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in June 1992 in exchange for a package of players and draft picks including Peter Forsberg. During his OHL career, Lindros led the Generals to a Memorial Cup victory in 1990. Prior to being drafted in 1991, Lindros captured the Red Tilson Trophy as the Most Outstanding Player in the OHL, and also was named the CHL Player of the Year. Lindros began his National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Flyers during the 1992–93 season. He was an exemplary power forward, and averaged more than a point per game. His hard-nosed style caused him to miss significant time with injuries, and he had many problems with concussions. Lindros captured the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league MVP and Lester B. Pearson Award as the most outstanding player after the lockout-shortened 1994–95 season. In August 2001, Lindros joined the New York Rangers via a trade. He then signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 2005–06 season before finishing his career in 2006–07 with the Dallas Stars. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'DriveOhio'
DriveOhio is an initiative within the Ohio | DriveOhio is an initiative within the Ohio Department of Transportation that aims to organize and accelerate smart vehicle and connected vehicle projects in the State of Ohio. It offers to be the single point of contact for policy makers, agencies, researchers, and private companies to collaborate with one another on smart transportation efforts around the state. Mission
DriveOhio's mission is to serve as Ohio's central hub for "smart mobility", which it defines as the use of technology to move people and goods from one place to another as effectively as possible. In principle this includes all modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, drones, and ride sharing services. However, the initial focus of DriveOhio is to enable cars to connect with and communicate with highway infrastructure, through a fiber optic road network. Specific mission items for the center are established in Ohio Executive Order 2018-01K, which refers to DriveOhio as "the statewide center for smart mobility": | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dalmatian Campaign (1809)'
The Dalmatian Campaign saw several battles fought | The Dalmatian Campaign saw several battles fought on the Dalmatian coast between the Kingdom of Croatia and the Austrian Empire, culminating in a decisive Croatian victory at the Battle of Modruš on August 12, 1809. The campaign was fought in support of the French Invasion of Russia, which was ultimately unsuccessful.
The Kingdom of Croatia had been formed in 1804, when it was split from the Ottoman Empire after a war of independence. The Kingdom was ruled by a Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I, who sought to maintain control over Croatia and its Adriatic Coast. In 1806, Ferdinand sent an army to attack Venice, which led to a conflict with Austria. In 1808, Austria launched an invasion of Hungary, which led to a war with France. Ferdinand I turned to Russia for support, and in April 1809, Napoleon launched an invasion of Russia.
The Dalmatian Campaign saw several battles fought on the Dalmatian coast between the Kingdom of Croatia and the Austrian Empire, culminating in a decisive Croatian victory at the Battle of Modruš on August 12, 1809. The campaign was fought in support of the French Invasion of Russia, which was ultimately unsuccessful. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Louis Dugdale'
Richard Louis Dugdale (1841 – 23 July | Richard Louis Dugdale (1841 – 23 July 1915) was an English historian, antiquarian and numismatist. He was born in London, the son of a barrister. Dugdale was educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a first in Classics in 1864. After Cambridge, Dugdale travelled in Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa before returning to England in 1866. He began working as a schoolmaster in Cheltenham, but soon abandoned this occupation to become a full-time historian. In 1883 he became the first professor of medieval history at the University of Oxford, a post he held until his retirement in 1913. Dugdale was an authority on medieval English history, and is credited with having revived the study of this period. He also wrote extensively on Anglo-Saxon England, the history of Roman Britain and early British history.
Dugdale was born on 23 July 1841 at 5 Hatton Garden, London to barrister Richard Louis Dugdale (1806-1875) and his wife Sophia (née Harcourt). Dugdale had two older brothers and two younger sisters; one brother died young and one sister married a clergyman. Dugdale was educated at Charterhouse School from 1849 to 1854 and then Trinity College, Cambridge where he graduated with a first class degree in Classics in 1864. After university Dugdale travelled through Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa before returning to England in 1866 and began working as a schoolmaster in Chel | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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What makes Dexter, post season 4, so bad? I've been hearing lots of things about the show and that it's great up until post season 4. I'm curious as to why. Please explain like I' m five. | Dexter is a television show about a man named Dexter who is a forensic technician and also a serial killer. The first four seasons of the show are generally considered to be very good, but the quality of the show declined after the fourth season. There are a few reasons why people might think the show got worse after the fourth season. One reason is that the writing and storylines became less believable and more contrived. Another reason is that the characters started making decisions that didn't make sense or seemed out of character. Additionally, some of the actors who played major roles in the show left after the fourth season, which may have affected the overall quality of the show. Overall, it's hard to say exactly why the show declined in quality after the fourth season, but it's likely due to a combination of factors including changes in the writing and cast. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pitting enamel hypoplasia'
Enamel hypoplasia can take a variety of | Enamel hypoplasia can take a variety of forms, but all types are associated with a reduction of enamel formation due to disruption in ameloblast production. One of the most common types, Pitting Enamel Hypoplasia (PEH), ranges from small circular pinpricks to larger irregular depressions. Pits also vary in how they occur on a tooth surface, some forming rows and others more randomly scattered. PEH can be associated with other types of hypoplasia, but it is often the only defect observed. Causes of PEH can range from genetic conditions to environmental factors, and the frequency of occurrence varies substantially between populations and species, likely due to environmental, genetic and health differences. The most striking example of this is in Paranthropus robustus, with half of all primary molars, and a quarter of permanent molars, displaying PEH defects, thought to be caused by a specific genetic condition, amelogenesis imperfecta. It is not always clear why PEH forms instead of other hypoplasia types, particularly linear enamel hypoplasia. However, the position on the crown, the tooth type and the cause of the disruption are all likely contributing factors. It has been suggested that because it is relatively rare to have both linear enamel hypoplasia and PEH, these types of defects may be commonly caused by different factors. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Singam II'
Singam II is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language | Singam II is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language epic historical drama film written and directed by A.R. Rahman and produced by K. Viswanathan. It stars Prithviraj, Raashi Khanna, Ajith Kumar and Kalki Krishnamurthi in lead roles with music composed by Rahman. The film is a sequel to the 2010 film Singam.
The film is set in the Chola dynasty, depicting the tumultuous events that took place during the reign of Kulothunga Chola III (1279–1323). The story revolves around two estranged brothers, Arjuna and Nakula, who are forced to fight a battle against each other for the throne. Arjuna is supported by the Pandavas, while Nakula is allied with the Kauravas. During their battle, Arjuna's charioteer, Ashvatthama, defects to the Kauravas and kills his own brother-in-law, Duryodhana, leading to a rift within the Pandava camp. In the end, Arjuna defeats Nakula and becomes king of Tamil Nadu.
The film's soundtrack was released on 14 September 2013 and features seven tracks composed by Rahman. The album became Rahman's first to enter at number one on the Indian charts. "Bigg Boss Tamil 3" contestant Prakash Raj made a cameo appearance in the song "Va Va Va".
"Singam II" was officially announced on 18 January 2013 | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Port of Stockton'
The Port of Stockton is a major | The Port of Stockton is a major deepwater port on the Stockton Ship Channel of the Pacific Ocean and an inland port located more than seventy nautical miles from the ocean, in Stockton, California on the Stockton Channel and San Joaquin River-Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel (before it joins the Sacramento River to empty into Suisun Bay). The port sits on about , and occupies an island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, and a portion of a neighborhood known as Boggs Tract. It is governed by a commission appointed by the City of Stockton and San Joaquin County. In 2012 it employed 4,500 people and made about $4.9 million in local tax funds. Geography
The only natural outlet for the waters of the Central Valley to pass into the sea is through the narrow Carquinez Strait, at the inland eastern extreme of San Pablo Bay. Further inland are the Suisun and Grizzly Bays, arms of the Pacific Ocean deep in the Californian interior. Further inland again from these last bays is the broad Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, formed where the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers meet and cross together. This verdant triangle of land with deep black soils is at the heart of the Central Valley and stretches some fifty miles from Suisun Bay on the west to the cities of Stockton and Sacramento on the east. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nettleton Stadium'
Nettleton Stadium is a baseball stadium in | Nettleton Stadium is a baseball stadium in Nettleton, Ohio, United States. It is the home field of the Nettleton Cardinals baseball team. The stadium was built in 1990 and has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.
Nettleton Stadium is located in Nettleton, Ohio, just south of the city limits of Lima. It is situated on farmland adjacent to the campus of Ashland University. The stadium is named for the Cardinals' original owner, Don Nettleton.
The Cardinals played their first season in 1990 at Nettleton Stadium. The team made it to the state semi-finals that year, but lost to Marietta in three games. In 1992, the Cardinals made it all the way to the state championship game, but lost to Massillon Jackson. The following year, 1993, saw the team make it all the way to the state championship game again, this time beating Canton McKinley in six games. They would go on to win their first state championship in 1994.
Since then, Nettleton Stadium has been the home of the Cardinals baseball team. The stadium has seen many renovations over the years including new dugouts and a new scoreboard in 2006. In 2010, a new artificial turf surface was installed and in 2014 a new press box was added.
In 2017, the stadium hosted its first ever high school baseball game when Lima Central-Paulding played West Jefferson-Stroudsburg. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Oystron'
Oystron is an action game developed for | Oystron is an action game developed for the Atari 2600 by Piero Cavina and released in 1997. It is one of the earliest hobbyist-written games for the console. The game, Cavina's first, was initially made available as a freeware 4 KB binary file designed for use on the Starpath Supercharger and with Atari 2600 emulators.
It was later released in cartridge form by XYPE, a group of Atari 2600 homebrew developers. Gameplay
Oystron is an action game in which the player controls a ship using the joystick controller, firing at enemies and collecting pearls dropped by "space oysters". The player's ship initially appears on the left side of the screen, and enemies attack from the right. Shooting the space oysters reveals a pearl; the player then collides with the pearl and brings it to the "pearl zone" on the left side of the screen. Other enemies appear that attempt to steal the pearls. Collecting eight pearls earns the player a bomb. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brokenhearted (Karmin song)'
"Brokenhearted" is a song by American pop | "Brokenhearted" is a song by American pop duo Karmin. It was released as the lead single from their debut EP, Hello (2012). It was written by band members Amy Heidemann and Nick Noonan, Claude Kelly, Benny Blanco, Emily Wright, Henry Walter, John Hill and Richard Head, and produced by Cirkut and Emily Wright. The song is about a woman who begs her lover not to "leave [her] broken hearted tonight." "Brokenhearted" debuted at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100, and peaked at number 16 on the chart in its twelfth week. Outside of the United States, "Brokenhearted" became Karmin's biggest song to date, peaking within the top ten of the charts in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Background and composition
Written by Amy Heidemann, Nick Noonan, Claude Kelly, Benny Blanco, Emily Wright, Henry Walter, John Hill and Richard Head, produced by Blanco, Cirkut, and Wright, and recorded in the late summer of 2011, the single leaked on January 27, prompting the duo to upload it to their YouTube account on January 30, and was made available for digital download on February 2, officially being released to radio on February 7. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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] | 17.865822 |
200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dowsing (horse)'
Dowsing (21 April 1984 – 1 January | Dowsing (21 April 1984 – 1 January 2009) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed considerable ability as a two-year-old, winning three races including the Group One Ascot Gold Cup. In 1988 he failed to win in seven races but was ranked fourth in the world in the International Classification. He reached his peak as a four-year-old when he won the Champion Stakes and the Jockey Club Gold Cup. He was retired at the end of the season and had some success as a breeding stallion before his death in 2009.
Dowsing was a dark bay horse with a white blaze and three white socks on his hind legs. He was bred by Lord Wetherby and raced under the ownership of his breeder's wife, Lady Wetherby. He was trained by Paul Nicholls at Newmarket, and made his debut in a race at Doncaster Racecourse in August 1984. He finished second behind Almiro, who went on to win the race. Dowsing then started five more races over the next two months, finishing second in all of them. In November 1984, Dowsing won an important Group One race at Ascot Racecourse, beating Almiro by half a length.
In 1985, Dowsing ran twice as a three-year-old and won both races; firstly taking the Cheshire Oaks over one mile on heavy ground and then beating Almiro by three quarters of a length in the Ayr Gold Cup at | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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what is active learning strategies | Active learning is a teaching strategy that involves engaging students in the learning process through activities such as asking and answering questions, participating in discussions, and solving problems. The goal of active learning is to encourage students to take an active role in their own learning and to make the learning experience more meaningful and engaging.\n\nThere are several different strategies that can be used in active learning, including:\n\nAsking questions: Asking students questions encourages them to think critically and reflect on the material being presented.\n\nGroup work: Working in small groups allows students to collaborate and discuss the material, encouraging them to actively engage with the material and each other.\n\nProblem-based learning: Providing students with real-world problems to solve encourages them to apply their knowledge and think creatively to find solutions.\n\nPeer teaching: Allowing students to take turns teaching the material to their peers encourages them to become more active and engaged learners.\n\nDebate: Organizing debates on controversial topics related to the course material encourages students to critically evaluate the material and argue their points of view.\n\nOverall, active learning strategies help to create a more interactive and engaging learning environment, which can lead to deeper understanding and retention of the material. Active learning is a teaching approach that involves actively engaging students in the learning process by having them participate in activities, discussions, and problem-solving tasks. It is based on the idea that learning is an active process, rather than a passive one, and that students are more likely to learn and retain information when they are actively involved in the learning process.\n\nThere are several strategies that can be used in an active learning environment:\n\nCollaborative learning: This involves students working together in small groups to complete tasks and solve problems. Collaborative learning can help students develop critical thinking and communication skills.\n\nInquiry-based learning: This involves students asking questions and conducting research to find answers. Inquiry-based learning encourages students to take ownership of their learning and helps them develop critical thinking skills.\n\nProblem-based learning: This involves students working on real-world problems and finding solutions. Problem-based learning can help students develop problem-solving skills and apply their knowledge to real-world situations.\n\nProject-based learning: This involves students working on long-term projects that involve research, problem-solving, and the creation of a final product. Project-based learning can help students develop critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills.\n\nOverall, active learning strategies can be an effective way to engage students in the learning process and help them develop important skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration. Active learning is a teaching approach that involves students in the learning process through activities, questioning, and problem-solving. It is a way to engage students in the material, rather than just presenting the information to them.\n\nSome strategies for implementing active learning in the classroom include:\n\nAsking open-ended questions: This encourages students to think critically and express their own ideas.\n\nEncouraging group work and discussion: Collaboration helps students learn from each other and develop their communication skills.\n\nProviding hands-on experiences: This can include experiments, simulations, or projects that allow students to apply their knowledge and skills in a practical setting.\n\nGiving students choice in learning activities: Allowing students to choose how they want to demonstrate their learning can increase their motivation and engagement.\n\nUsing technology: There are many tools and resources available that can facilitate active learning, such as online simulations, educational games, and virtual reality experiences.\n\nOverall, the goal of active learning is to create an interactive and collaborative learning environment that encourages students to take an active role in their own learning. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Joseph Brandreth'
Joseph Brandreth M.D. (1746 – 10 April | Joseph Brandreth M.D. (1746 – 10 April 1815) was an English physician who made significant contributions to the field of obstetrics.
Born in London, Brandreth trained as a doctor at the University of Edinburgh. He became a physician to the King in 1772, and served as Physician to the Queen from 1793 until his death. He is particularly remembered for his work on obstetrics, particularly his development of methods for caesarean section.
Brandreth was a prolific writer, publishing more than 100 papers and books on a wide range of medical topics. He is also well known for his illustrative case studies. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'First Love Sisters'
is a Japanese manga written by Mako | is a Japanese manga written by Mako Komao and illustrated by Mizuo Shinonome (characters) and Reine Hibiki (scenario) which was first serialized in the now-defunct yuri josei manga magazine Yuri Shimai on June 28, 2003 under the title . The manga was transferred to Comic Yuri Hime, Yuri Shimai'''s successor, published by Ichijinsha. The final chapter was published in the eleventh issue of Comic Yuri Hime, and three bound volumes have been released, with the final one on April 18, 2008. The manga has been licensed by Los Angeles-based company Seven Seas Entertainment and the first volume went on sale in January 2008, but the series is now on hold due to rights issues. Three drama CDs based on this series have been released, the first two under the title Koi Shimai and the third under the title Hatsukoi Shimai''. Plot
During a visit to Tsunojo Girls' Academy, Chika Matsuzato meets the girl of her dreams, cool upperclassman Haruna Kizaki. Even though they spent only one short day together, Chika will never forget Haruna's kindness, and has made it her life's goal to study hard and get accepted into Tsunojo Girls' School so that they can be together. However, things do not go as smoothly as Chika had planned when she finally arrives. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Panauti'
Panauti is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok | Panauti is a municipality in Kavrepalanchok District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. It was created on 18 May 2014 by the merger of the former municipalities of Bhami and Kavrepalanchok.
The municipality is located in the middle of eastern Nepal. The municipality has an area of and a population of 31,533 as per the 2011 Nepal census. Bhami and Kavrepalanchok were the two former municipalities that merged to form Panauti. The total population of these two municipalities was 45,898.
The municipality is divided into fourteen wards. The municipality headquarters is in Ward No. 6. There are seven higher secondary schools, six primary schools, one maternity home and one health post in the municipality.
Panauti experiences a subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa"). The municipality experiences a hot, humid climate with average temperatures ranging from . Winters are cool with average temperatures ranging from while summers are hot with average temperatures ranging from . Annual precipitation averages .
| wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Per-oral endoscopic myotomy'
The per-oral endoscopic myotomy, or POEM, is | The per-oral endoscopic myotomy, or POEM, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows for the direct opening of a blocked salivary gland. This procedure is typically used to treat patients with a myxoma and other salivary gland tumors.
The per-oral endoscopic myotomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows for the direct opening of a blocked salivary gland. This procedure is typically used to treat patients with a myxoma and other salivary gland tumors. The surgery is performed through a small incision in the mouth, and requires only local anesthesia. Once the salivary gland is accessed, the obstruction can be relieved using various methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The per-oral endoscopic myotomy is an excellent option for those who do not want to undergo extensive surgery or radiation therapy, and it has a relatively low risk of complications. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Course equivalency'
Course equivalency is the term used in | Course equivalency is the term used in higher education to describe the process by which two or more courses at different institutions of higher education are considered to be equivalent for the purposes of academic credit. This is typically determined by the institution's administration, but may also be determined by outside agencies.
Course equivalency is important because it allows students to transfer credits from one institution to another without having to repeat the course or take a lower-level course. It also allows students to take courses at one institution that would be considered equivalent to courses taken at another institution.
There are a number of factors that can affect course equivalency. These include the type of course, the level of the course, and the institution from which the course is being transferred. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yellow-faced honeyeater'
The yellow-faced honeyeater (Caligavis chrysops) is a | The yellow-faced honeyeater (Caligavis chrysops) is a small to medium-sized bird in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae. It takes its common and scientific names from the distinctive yellow stripes on the sides of its head. Its loud, clear call often begins twenty or thirty minutes before dawn. It is widespread across eastern and southeastern Australia, in open sclerophyll forests from coastal dunes to high-altitude subalpine areas, and woodlands along creeks and rivers. Comparatively short-billed for a honeyeater, it is thought to have adapted to a diet of flies, spiders, and beetles, as well as nectar and pollen from the flowers of plants, such as Banksia and Grevillea, and soft fruits. It catches insects in flight as well as gleaning them from the foliage of trees and shrubs. Some yellow-faced honeyeaters are sedentary, but hundreds of thousands migrate northwards between March and May to spend the winter in southern Queensland, and return in July and August to breed in southern New South Wales and Victoria. They form socially monogamous pairs and lay two or three eggs in a delicate cup-shaped nest. The success rate can be low, and the pairs nest several times during the breeding season. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kubb (band)'
Kubb was a British indie rock band | Kubb was a British indie rock band from London, that had two UK top 40 hits in 2005/6 and a top 30 album. Original member Ben Langmaid went on to become half of the duo La Roux. Biography
The band started to form when singer Harry Collier was invited by Rollo Armstrong (of Faithless fame) to record in the latter's studio after Armstrong heard him sing "Happy Birthday" in the organic café where he was working as a waiter in 2001. At the studio he met Armstrong's old schoolfriend Ben Langmaid, who had a studio in the same complex, and Jeff Patterson. Collier grew up in Tobago, returning to England aged 17. The trio began writing songs together that would become Kubb's debut album, Mother. Langmaid and Patterson were only interested in studio and songwriting work, so Collier recruited former Reef member Dom Greensmith (drums), John Tilley (keyboards), and Adj Buffone (guitar). | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mavro Sachs'
Mavro Sachs (born Moritz Sachs; 18175 May | Mavro Sachs (born Moritz Sachs; 18175 May 1909) was a German-born British financier and banker.
Mavro Sachs was born in 18175 in Berlin, Germany to Jewish parents. He moved to England in 1878, and started working as a clerk in a London bank. In 1895, he started his own bank, which became one of the largest in Britain. He also invested in businesses and became one of the wealthiest men in Britain. He served as the chairman of several companies, and was a member of the House of Lords. He died in 1909. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Etzel Cardeña'
Etzel Cardeña (born November 9, 1957) is | Etzel Cardeña (born November 9, 1957) is a Puerto Rican actor, singer, and comedian. He is known for his work on the Puerto Rican sitcoms ¿Qué Pasa America? and ¡Ay Dios!
Cardeña was born in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, to a Spanish father and a Puerto Rican mother. He has three siblings: Rafael, Ana, and Margarita. Cardeña started his career as a comedian in the late 1970s, performing at clubs and festivals around the island. In 1984, he was cast in the role of Etzel Cardeña on the Puerto Rican sitcom ¿Qué Pasa America? (What's Happening America?). He remained with the show until its cancellation in 1991.
Cardeña's film debut came in 1988 with the comedy movie La Película de los Sueños (The Movie of Dreams), in which he co-starred with Rafael Casal. His subsequent films include Los 40 Principales (The 40 Greatest), El Abrazo de la Muerte (The Kiss of Death), and Bombas Incendiarias (Fire Bombs). In 2003, he starred in the romantic comedy Abracadabra (The Spell) alongside Yara Torres.
Cardeña has also appeared on other television shows throughout his career, including Las Mañanas de TVE (TVE's Morning Shows), El Show del Mandril (The Mandril Show), and Sabado Gigante | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Zarou'
Richard Zarou (born 1981) is a contemporary | Richard Zarou (born 1981) is a contemporary artist who creates paintings, sculptures, and installations that critically engage with the history and mythology of the East.
Richard Zarou was born in 1981 in Athens, Greece. He studied at the University of the Arts London (2005-2008), where he received a BA in Fine Art. Zarou has exhibited extensively throughout Europe and Asia, including at the Museum of Modern Art (New York), Centre Pompidou (Paris), Mori Art Museum (Tokyo), and the National Gallery of Victoria (Australia). His work has been acquired by major museums, including the Museum of Modern Art (New York), Centre Pompidou (Paris), and National Gallery of Victoria (Australia). In 2019, Zarou was awarded the prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Song of Norway'
Song of Norway is an operetta written | Song of Norway is an operetta written in 1944 by Robert Wright and George Forrest, adapted from the music of Edvard Grieg and the book by Milton Lazarus and Homer Curran. A very loose film adaptation with major changes to both the book and music was released in 1970. Stage production
Song of Norway was originally developed and presented in Los Angeles by Edwin Lester's Los Angeles Civic Light Opera in 1944, with essentially the same cast as seen later on Broadway. After successful runs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, the show opened at the Imperial Theatre in New York on August 21, 1944, and ran for 860 performances with sets, costumes, and lighting design by Lemuel Ayers. Lawrence Brooks starred as Edvard Grieg. It was also popular in London running for 526 performances at the Palace Theatre, the first Broadway show to cross the Atlantic after the end of the Second World War. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hawthorne Books'
Hawthorne Books is an independent publisher founded | Hawthorne Books is an independent publisher founded in 2007 by Matthew Battles and Sarah Peacock. We publish books of all genres, from darkly comic crime fiction to heart-wrenching memoirs, and aim to bring the best of contemporary writing to readers around the world.
We believe that books can change the world, and we make them with the hope that they will. We believe in democracy of the bookshelf, in the power of stories to connect us with one another and with ourselves. We believe in the power of words to make us smarter, more compassionate, and more understanding.
We are committed to publishing writers who are changing the way we see the world, and we hope that you will join us in supporting their work. Thank you for considering Hawthorne Books as your source for great books. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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Can a high down-payment on a house offset the need for proof of income? | It' s difficult to provide an exact answer as this will very much depend on the bank & the local regulatory scheme. However as a business owner you should be able to provide incorporation docs, some proof of ownership of the company and last years' financial statements or tax returns, many banks would accept this as a proof of income for the purposes of granting credit. In general in most jurisdictions I can think of, a high downpayment will not remove the need to verify income as the bank needs to feel comfortable that you have the ability to pay the remaining 25% (e. g. how do they know you' re not a serially unemployed lottery winner) and if the downpayment is quite large they may want some assurance that you got the money legally (e. g. how do they make sure you' re not a drug dealer). So probably regardless of how large a downpayment most banks would probably want some additional proofs of income however what proofs are needed may be more flexible than just a salary stub. I suggest taking a look at what sort of documents you may have on hand that can serve to validate your revenue in some way and contacting a few banks directly to see what options they can provide and whether some custom-tailored arrangement can be made. | hc3-finance | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Melanie Benn'
Melanie Benn is a former American Paralympic | Melanie Benn is a former American Paralympic athlete. Benn competed in the T38 category for sitting volleyball and was a member of the United States national team from 2004 to 2007. She won a silver medal at the 2004 World Para Athletics Championships in the women's sitting volleyball event. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shaman (novel)'
Shaman is a 2013 novel by Kim | Shaman is a 2013 novel by Kim Stanley Robinson.
The novel tells the story of a group of people who travel to the edge of the world to find a new home. Along the way, they are forced to confront their own vulnerabilities and what it means to be human. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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I cosigned on a house for my brother | When you cosign a loan, you are agreeing to be responsible for the loan if the primary borrower is unable to make the payments. This means that if your brother misses a payment or defaults on the loan, the lender can come to you to collect the money that is owed. It is a serious responsibility, and it is important to understand the potential risks before agreeing to cosign a loan.If you are considering cosigning a loan for someone, it is important to make sure that you are comfortable with taking on this responsibility and that you are confident in the borrower's ability to make the payments on time. It is also a good idea to carefully review the terms of the loan and understand exactly what you are agreeing to. If you do decide to cosign a loan, make sure to keep track of the payments and be prepared to take action if the borrower is unable to make the payments. | hc3-finance | 1 | [
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Please explain what is "Dartmouth workshop" | The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely considered to be the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field. The project lasted approximately six to eight weeks and was essentially an extended brainstorming session. Eleven mathematicians and scientists originally planned to attend; not all of them attended, but more than ten others came for short times. | hc3-wiki_csai | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Insulin receptor'
The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane | The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer. Insulin signalling controls access to blood glucose in body cells. When insulin falls, especially in those with high insulin sensitivity, body cells begin only to have access to lipids that do not require transport across the membrane. So, in this way, insulin is the key regulator of fat metabolism as well. Biochemically, the insulin receptor is encoded by a single gene , from which alternate splicing during transcription results in either IR-A or IR-B isoforms. Downstream post-translational events of either isoform result in the formation of a proteolytically cleaved α and β subunit, which upon combination are ultimately capable of homo or hetero-dimerisation to produce the ≈320 kDa disulfide-linked transmembrane insulin receptor. Structure
Initially, transcription of alternative splice variants derived from the INSR gene are translated to form one of two monomeric isomers; IR-A in which exon 11 is excluded, and IR-B in which exon 11 is included. Inclusion of exon 11 results in the addition of 12 amino acids upstream of the intrinsic furin proteolytic cleavage site. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Diem Brown'
Danielle Michelle "Diem" Brown[3] (June 12, 1980 | Danielle Michelle "Diem" Brown[3] (June 12, 1980 – February 3, 2009) was an American journalist who worked as a correspondent for The Associated Press in Baghdad, Iraq, from 2006 to 2007. After returning to the United States, Brown wrote a New York Times bestseller, Soldier's Girl: Diem Brown's Memoir of Life in Baghdad (2008), which chronicled her time in Iraq and her struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Brown was born on June 12, 1980, in Columbus, Ohio. She is the daughter of Danielle (née DeLeon), a lawyer, and John D. Brown II, a physician. Brown has two sisters. She graduated from high school in 1998 and from Ohio State University in 2002 with a degree in international relations.
Brown began her career as a reporter for The Associated Press in Baghdad, Iraq, from 2006 to 2007. She wrote a New York Times bestseller, Soldier's Girl: Diem Brown's Memoir of Life in Baghdad (2008), which chronicled her time in Iraq and her struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). After returning to the United States, Brown worked as a columnist for The Huffington Post from 2009 to 2010. She died of suicide on February 3, 2009, in Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Honey Popcorn'
Honey Popcorn (Hangul: 허니팝콘) is a girl | Honey Popcorn (Hangul: 허니팝콘) is a girl group formed by JYP Entertainment in 2015. The group consists of six members: Jeongyeon, Hani, Mina, Nayoung, Sojin, and Yeri. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert H. Hume'
Robert Humiston Hume (September 18, 1922 – | Robert Humiston Hume (September 18, 1922 – February 28, 1999) was the 1944 NCAA champion in the outdoor mile run. He was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 1990. He and his twin brother, H. Ross Hume, became famous in 1944 and 1945 as the "dead heat twins" due to their practice of finishing their races hand-in-hand in an intentional effort to finish each race tied for the win. During the 1944 track season, the Hume twins tied for the win in nine straight mile races, including the Big Ten Conference and NCAA championships. They were co-winners in every mile event they entered in 1944 except one. The exception occurred at a dual meet in which "a meticulous official ruled that one of the Humes beat the other across the finish line by a couple of inches although they were hand in hand at the wire." Their best time in a "dead heat" mile with hands clasped was 4:14.6 at the Central Collegiate Conference meet in 1944; the time broke a University of Michigan school record of 4:16.4 that had been set by H.L. Carroll 28 years earlier in 1916. The Hume twins were raised in Canonsburg, a small town in Pennsylvania’s soft coal region, not far from Pittsburgh. Robert Hume set the school record for the mile, and Ross set the record in the half mile. After graduating from Canonsburg High School, the Hume twins enrolled at the University of Michigan to run track under Coach Ken Doherty. One sports columnist in 1945 noted that the Humes were "twins in every possible manner, facial resemblance, running style, the clothes they wear, and the courses they are taking." | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hull Gut'
Hull Gut is a gut (a narrow, | Hull Gut is a gut (a narrow, deep channel in the seabed) located in the eastern North Sea. It was discovered in 1985 and is about long, wide, and deep. The gut is a major shipping route between the United Kingdom and continental Europe. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Platte Mound M'
The Platte Mound M is the letter | The Platte Mound M is the letter M that is carved on the side of a bluff overlooking the Platte River in Nebraska. The letter M is about 33 feet (10 m) tall and was created about A.D. 1000.
The Platte Mound M is an impressive symbol of Native American culture and history. It is one of the most well-preserved examples of a Mississippian culture site in North America. The mound was built by a group of Native Americans who lived in the area around 1000 A.D. It is thought that the mound was used as a ceremonial center or as a place to store food and belongings.
The Platte Mound M is an important part of Native American history and culture. It is an important reminder of the Native American way of life and the importance of the Platte River in their culture. The Platte Mound M is a symbol of Native American pride and heritage, and it should be preserved for future generations to enjoy. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Letterio Calapai'
Letterio Calapai (1902–1993) was a realist painter | Letterio Calapai (1902–1993) was a realist painter and printmaker who took part in the Federal Arts Project organized by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s. Calapai's work can be found in the Fogg Art Museum and in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts which is where Calapai's parents took him when he was a boy. Biography
Letterio Calapai made for himself a fruitful artistic career that spanned well over fifty years, during which he was deemed "a printmaker for the twentieth century" by the Chicago Sun-Times in 1984. The son of Sicilian immigrants, Calapai was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. Although the Calapai family was not monetarily wealthy, their lives were "rich in the pleasures of music, poetry, and art." Both the artist's mother and father made every effort to expose their son to the arts; his father recited poetry, his mother played the piano, and together they provided Calapai with violin lessons. During his childhood, Calapai frequented the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and the Fogg Art Museum in Cambridge. There, his exposure to the work of the Old Masters would come to have a profound influence on his art; as he later declared, "their realism was my goal…" John Taylor Arms recognized the artist's unique appreciation for the Old Masters and said of Calapai, "He wants to study the great men. Very often the artist just wants to study his own ability." Calapai's interest in art continued to flourish at East Boston High School where he earned impressive grades and exhibited great artistic talent, particularly at drawing. His high school art history teacher, recognizing his notable artistic skill, gave him a paint box and brushes as a graduation present. Calapai recalled that "this wonderful gift was a tangible sign that I really did have some talent. It was the inspiration that led to the beginning of my career as an artist." | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Deer Park (Delhi)'
Deer Park is located in South Delhi | Deer Park is located in South Delhi, on the banks of the Yamuna River. It is a recreational area that was once the hunting ground of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. The park is home to a number of varieties of trees and shrubs, including the Tulip Tree, the Rosewood, and the Sandalwood.
The Deer Park was declared a national park in 1959. It is now one of the most popular tourist destinations in Delhi, with people coming to visit its gardens, lakes, and wildlife. The park is also home to a number of temples and monuments, including the Jahangir Mahal and the Jantar Mantar. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Heiwadai Stadium'
was a ballpark located in the Fukuoka, | was a ballpark located in the Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture in southern Japan. It was the home ballpark of the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks baseball team from 1961 to 2009. The stadium had a capacity of 38,000 people.
The Heiwadai Stadium was originally built as a football and baseball stadium for the Kyushu Kyobo Athletic Club in 1961. The original name was "Kyushu Stadium". In 1992, it was renamed the Heiwadai Stadium after the Heiwadai region which is located in Fukuoka prefecture.
On July 29, 2009, the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks announced that they would be moving their home games to the newly built Fukuoka Dome effective with the 2010 season. The Heiwadai Stadium closed its doors for good on September 30, 2009 after hosting its final game of the 2009 season.
| wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Manifold Destiny (cookbook)'
Manifold Destiny is a 1989 cookbook , | Manifold Destiny is a 1989 cookbook , its updated 1998 edition and a 2008 update on the subject of cooking on the surface of a car engine. It was written by Chris Maynard and Bill Scheller, a photographer and a travel writer who were also accomplished rally drivers. Though neither edition remained in print for very long, the book is considered something of a cult classic in the American culinary scene due to its unusual subject matter, combining local specialties ("ready-boughts") with recipes designed with various regional and ethnic inspirations in mind, as well as evaluations of representative cars available at the time of their suitability as cooking equipment. A measure of its cult status can be found on Amazon.com, where a search in May 2007 revealed that used copies of the book sold for four to ten times the cover price of the book. In addition, despite its somewhat humorous tone, it is often cited as the primary (or even only) reference on the subject of car engine cooking. The authors claimed inspiration from a trip from Montreal to Boston, where the authors were inspired to keep a package of smoked meat from Schwartz's in Montreal hot by placing it in a secure spot on the car's engine block, having heard that it was said to be common for truckers to keep cans of soup hot by doing the same thing. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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Why congressmen all over the world refer to each other in 3rd person and only address the speaker, chairperson, etc. I've seen it in legislative bodies all over the world. What is the reason for this and why is it used everywhere? Please explain like I' m five. | The legislators are not directly addressing another legislator. They are addressing the body, or the chair of the body. The idea is that it's not a one-on-one debate forum, but rather a place where the legislator can speak to the entire assembly and make their point, and not to one specific rival. So, when they want to address something another legislator has said, they refer to him in the third person because, again, the speaker is talking to * everybody *. Most legislative bodies have formalized rules of order and etiquette members are required to follow while deliberating. This imposes a clear structure, and helps to remove ambiguity and maintain respect and decorum when contentious issues are being debated. Many organzations, public and private, where items are put to a vote, use some form of this, with [Robert's Rule of Order] (URL_ 0) being a commonly used system. Not sure what you mean. Referring to someone else in the third person is pretty normal, especially when there are more than two people involved. Any time you're calling someone by their name or title, you're referring to them in the third person. Using second-person nouns like "You" would get extremely confusing considering there are like 500 people in congress. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Convergence Démocratique'
Convergence Démocratique (CD; ) was a Haitian | Convergence Démocratique (CD; ) was a Haitian political movement created in summer 2000 in opposition to Jean-Bertrand Aristide and his Fanmi Lavalas (FL) party. A group of disparate opposition parties and social organizations, it was crafted and built by the International Republican Institute. The Convergence Démocratique was backed by "the Haitian elite, the Bush administration, the Republicans in Congress, and especially the International Republican Institute ... The International Republican Institute did all it could to urge the DC to build a national electoral constituency that could rival Aristide’s FL party at the polls..." The Convergence Démocratique "was elemental in provoking the ongoing tension and violence in the nation, eventually leading to the illegal and violent overthrow of President Aristide. IRI's role was beyond pivotal." Leading figures in the Convergence Démocratique made no secret of their intentions at the time of Aristide’s reinauguration as president in February 2001; they openly called for another US invasion, ‘this time to get rid of Aristide and rebuild the disbanded Haitian army’. Failing that, they told the Washington Post, ‘the CIA should train and equip Haitian officers exiled in the neighbouring Dominican Republic so they could stage a comeback themselves’."Washington Post, 2 February 2001. - cited in Hallward (2004) With the CD's inability to develop sufficient public support among the Haitian poor, reaching just 8% in March 2002 opinion polls, the electoral route for CD was not promising. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '16-inch/45-caliber gun'
The 16"/45 caliber gun (spoken "sixteen-inch-forty-five-caliber") was | The 16"/45 caliber gun (spoken "sixteen-inch-forty-five-caliber") was used for the main batteries of the last class of Standard-type battleships for the United States Navy, the . These guns promised twice the muzzle energy over the Mark 7 12-inch/50 caliber guns of the and a 50% increase over the 14-inch/45 caliber guns of the , , and s. Design
The 16-inch gun was a built-up gun constructed in a length of 45 calibers. The Mark 1 had an A tube, jacket, liner, and seven hoops, four locking rings and a screw-box liner. When the gun was designed in August 1913 it was referred to as the "Type Gun (45 Cal.)" as an effort to conceal the gun's true size of 16 inches. Gun No. 1, the prototype, was proof fired in July 1914, less than a year after it was designed. After some minor changes the gun was re-proved in May 1916 with production approved in January 1917, for Gun Nos. 2–41. Bethlehem Steel was given a contract for 20 guns and an additional 20 castings were ordered from Watervliet Arsenal for assembly at the US Naval Gun Factory at the Washington Navy Yard. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Uncaught third strike'
In baseball and softball, an uncaught third | In baseball and softball, an uncaught third strike (sometimes referred to as dropped third strike or non-caught third strike) occurs when the catcher fails to cleanly catch a pitch for the third strike of a plate appearance. In Major League Baseball (MLB), the specific rules concerning the uncaught third strike are addressed in Rules 5.05 and 5.09 of the Official Baseball Rules: This is one of the oldest rules in modern baseball, dating at least to the Knickerbocker Rules of 1845: "Three balls being struck at and missed and the last one caught, is a hand-out." On an uncaught third strike with (1) no runner on first base, or (2) with a runner on first base and two outs, the batter immediately becomes a runner. The strike is called, but the umpire does not call the batter out. The umpire may also signal that there is "no catch" of the pitch. The batter may then attempt to reach first base and must be tagged or forced out. With two outs and the bases loaded, the catcher who fails to catch the third strike may, upon picking up the ball, step on home plate for a force-out or make a throw to any other base in an effort to force out a runner. An "uncaught" strike includes not only pitches dropped by the catcher, but also pitches that hit the ground before the catcher attempts to catch it. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Worlds of Fun'
Worlds of Fun is a more | Worlds of Fun is a more than 235-acre entertainment complex located in Kansas City, Missouri, featuring the largest amusement park and water park in the Midwest. Founded by American businessmen Lamar Hunt and Jack Steadman, the park opened in 1973 under the ownership of Hunt's company, Mid-America Enterprises. The water park was added in 1982 adjacent to the amusement park and named Oceans of Fun, which is included in the price of admission to Worlds of Fun. Both parks were sold to Cedar Fair in 1995 for $40 million. History
Texas and Arkansas native Lamar Hunt brought his Dallas Texans NFL team to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1963 and renamed the franchise the Kansas City Chiefs. He founded an operating company in the region called Mid-America Enterprises, which focused on real estate, mining, and entertainment. Working with his business partner Jack Steadman, the two conceptualized and developed Worlds of Fun, which opened on May 26, 1973. It is situated at the northern edge of a vast industrial complex in the bluffs above the Missouri River in Clay County, Missouri. At the time of its opening, numerous modernization projects across Kansas City were in progress including the opening of Kansas City International Airport, Kemper Arena (now called Hy-Vee Arena) and the Truman Sports Complex. Mid-America Enterprises, seeking to capitalize on the citywide expansion movement, began construction on a new amusement park in 1964. The park was originally planned to complement a hotel and entertainment complex, but a lagging economy during the park's early years derailed the idea. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Esther Acklom'
Esther Acklom (1788–11 June 1818), also known | Esther Acklom (1788–11 June 1818), also known as Esther Spencer, Viscountess Althorp, was a British heiress and socialite most well known for her social flirtations. Born the only child of Richard Acklom of Wiseton Hall, Nottinghamshire, and his wife Elizabeth, Acklom found great success and popularity in London social circles because of her wealth and good humour. She quickly gained the reputation of a flirt, turning down a large amount of marriage proposals, including those of James, Lord Lindsay, naval officer Edmund Knox, and Henry, Lord Glentworth, the heir of Lord Limerick. In 1812 Acklom became engaged to the army officer Christopher Tilson, but she broke this off just before the wedding, and she broke off a subsequent engagement to another man after she inherited her father's wealth upon his death in December. She went on to meet John, Viscount Althorp towards the start of 1814, and despite his initial unwillingness she persuaded him to marry her, probably so that he could remove his debts with her dowry and she could receive a title. Notwithstanding this inauspicious start, the marriage was a happy one. Acklom died giving birth to a stillborn child in June 1818, and Althorp mourned her for the rest of his life. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dax Cowart'
Donald Herbert Cowart (December 16, 1947 – | Donald Herbert Cowart (December 16, 1947 – October 9, 2013) was an American musician, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He was the founder and lead guitarist of the rock band Yes.
Cowart was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the son of singer-songwriter and pianist Delbert McClinton and schoolteacher Ethel Cowart. He began playing guitar at the age of eleven, and formed his first band at fifteen. After a year of college, he moved to Los Angeles in 1970 and joined Yes.
Yes released its first album in 1971, and became one of the most successful progressive rock bands of its era. Their 1972 album "Drama" is widely considered to be their finest work. After a decade of success, Cowart left Yes in 1980 to focus on his own music. He released two albums with his new band Dax Riders before retiring from music in 1990.
Cowart later became a record producer, working with artists including Styx, REO Speedwagon, Whitesnake and Toto. He died from cancer at the age of 66. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Renaissance Girls'
"Renaissance Girls" is a song by Danish | "Renaissance Girls" is a song by Danish singer MØ. It was released on 14 October 2017 as the lead single from her second studio album, "Nu Længer Jeg" (2018).
The song was written by MØ, Lukas Graham, and Benny Blanco, and produced by the latter two. The song is a pop and EDM song with a tropical house beat.
The song has been met with critical acclaim, with many reviewers calling it one of the best singles of 2017. It reached number one in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. The accompanying music video was directed by duo Håkon Mosheim & Stefan Hornbein and features MØ performing in various outfits and environments around Florence, Italy. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sugary drink tax'
A sugary drink tax, soda tax, or | A sugary drink tax, soda tax, or sweetened drink tax is a tax on sugary drinks, typically imposed as part of a public health campaign.
A sugary drink tax has been proposed as a means of reducing obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, and improving public health. Proponents argue that the tax would reduce consumption of sugary drinks and help people to healthier diets. Critics contend that a sugary drink tax would be an effective way to raise revenue, but would also cause price increases for sugary drinks, making them less affordable for consumers. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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Getting started with Trading stocks. I am looking to maybe play around and try to make some money by trading stocks. Explain getting started like i m five. Explain like I' m five. | First, consider your broker: Schwab, E-trade, Ameritrade etc. They usually offer incentives to opening a new account-100 commission free trades, 100 cash bonus etc. Shop around for something that appeals to you. Now that your account is opened and your ready to trade, use the screener programs (i. e. it will generate you a list of stocks with specific preferences-high dividends, high price/earnings). Consider personal preferences. Some stocks are entities (General Electric) but you can also trade exchange traded funds (a "stock" that owns a basket of various Canadian companies and is thus highly correlated to the Canadian market, for example), commodities (gold, corn, wheat), currencies (the Euro, Yen) and many more. If you're just getting started, stick with those. This about how news will impact a stock. If you think that Greece will default because of its current position, short the Euro (since high volatility is not usually a good sign). Shorting is the opposite of buying. Hope some of this helps If you were my five-year-old, I'd tell you "don't do that. That's not a good idea." There is an overwhelming amount of research that shows that stock pickers, and particularly individual traders/day traders, consistently underperform the market. Unless you are view it as gambling-- that is, you want to do it because it's fun, fully aware that it will cost you money-- you should put your money in a broad index fund. If I can't dissuade you, I would recommend you get a [used copy of this book] (URL_ 0), which will cost you far less than you're likely to lose from a few bad trades. Come to r/investing and read over the sidebar and read some topics! It's really helpful | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fernand Oury'
Fernand Oury (18 January 1920 – 19 | Fernand Oury (18 January 1920 – 19 February 1997) was a pedagogue and creator of institutional pedagogy. He recommended and practiced a "school of the people" methodology, in which children were no longer passive receivers, but actively participated in the management of their learning, methods, forms of relations and the everyday life of the class: all of which he called institutions (in the sociological sense). Some of the notable elements of this methodology were pupils' council, school funds and individualized curricula. Background
As a teacher in 1950, Oury reacted to what he saw as the deplorable state of the French educational system: "overloaded classes", "colossal school sizes", and "absurd regulations". Along with fellow educator Célestin Freinet, he worked with school leadership to reform organizational practice within urban schools. By 1958, following on the initiatives of institutional psychotherapy led by his brother Jean Oury, François Tosquelles, and Lucien Bonnafe, Fernand Oury founded the discipline of institutional pedagogy, the object of which would be the progressive analysis of liberating means of education. Perhaps the most well-known name in the field of institutional pedagogy, Oury maintained an open relationship with respect to defining the scope and practice of teaching. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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How do people who do not believe in evolution explain things like breeding dogs? Similarly, how do they explain why people look like their parents? Please explain like I' m five. | People who do not believe in evolution can explain things like breeding dogs and why people look like their parents in a number of ways. One possibility is that they believe that these things are the result of a divine or supernatural force that has shaped the world and its inhabitants in a specific way. For example, they might believe that God or another higher power created dogs with the ability to breed and produce offspring that resemble their parents because that is what God or the higher power wanted to happen.
Alternatively, people who do not believe in evolution might believe that these things occur through some other natural process that is not related to evolution. For example, they might believe that the similarities between parents and their children are simply due to genetics, and that genetics works in a way that is unrelated to evolution.
In any case, it is important to note that the scientific theory of evolution explains these phenomena through the process of natural selection, in which certain traits are passed down from one generation to the next because they help the organisms that have them to survive and reproduce. This process is supported by a large body of evidence from many different fields of science, including paleontology, genetics, and more. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Holroyd v Marshall'
Holroyd v Marshall (1862) 10 HLC 191, | Holroyd v Marshall (1862) 10 HLC 191, was a criminal law case heard in the Court of King's Bench in England.
The plaintiff, John Holroyd, was charged with murder, and the defendant, George Marshall, was charged with aiding and abetting. The case involved the question of whether a person is guilty of murder when they help another person commit murder. The trial took place over two days, and the jury found both men guilty of murder.
The Court of Criminal Appeal overturned their convictions, ruling that a person cannot be guilty of murder simply because they help another person commit murder. This ruling is known as the principle of mutual assistance. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jobu'
Jobu Mekaniske Verksted AS (Jobu Mechanical Manufacturers) | Jobu Mekaniske Verksted AS (Jobu Mechanical Manufacturers) in Drøbak, Norway, was founded in 1947 by timber merchant Trygve Johnsen and gunsmith Gunnar Busk in 1947. The company produced chainsaws and other forestry machines in the period 1948 to 1979. The brand continued until 1983. Johnson and Busk were themselves responsible for the construction of the first commercial chainsaw, "Jobu Senior," which had an "Aspin" engine with a standard carburetor with float chamber. Whenever the saw was placed on the side, the carburetor had to be rotated accordingly. Jobu Senior weighed 17.5 kg and was only applicable for felling and bucking.
The next model was Junior, which was released on the market in 1952. The engine in Junior was manufactured by Jobu themselves. Junior came with its predecessor carburetor solution that still had to be rotated. The weight was reduced to 10.4 kg. This saw became very popular, and around 40 000 units were produced. Jobu Tiger, which came in 1960, was a major advance. This model had a diaphragm carburetor that worked in all positions. | wiki-intro | 0 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Whitlash–Aden Border Crossing'
The Whitlash–Aden Border Crossing connects the town | The Whitlash–Aden Border Crossing connects the town of Whitlash in the Governorate of Aden in Yemen to the town of Aden in the Governorate of Taiz. The crossing is located on the border between Aden and Taiz provinces. The crossing is open to both pedestrians and vehicles. | wiki-intro | 1 | [
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