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Prievidza (słow. Železničná stanica Prievidza) – główna stacja kolejowa w Prievidzy, w kraju trenczyńskim, na Słowacji. Znajduje się na zachodnim skraju Starego Miasta, przy ulicy T. Vansovej. Stanowi ważny regionalny węzeł komunikacyjny, w którym krzyżują się linie z Ponitrza i Turca oraz lokalna linia kolejowa ze stacji Nitrianske Pravno (regularne przewozy osób na linii do Nitrianskeho Pravna wstrzymano 07 grudnia 2012). Dla przewozów towarowych od miejscowości Nováky i Handlová służy łącznik Chrenovecká, który omija na południe od centrum miasta i dworca kolejowego. Linie kolejowe 140 Nowe Zamki – Prievidza 144 Prievidza – Nitrianske Pravno 145 Prievidza – Horná Štubňa Przypisy Linki zewnętrzne Schemat stacji Stacje i przystanki kolejowe w kraju trenczyńskim Prievidza

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Learn how to live a healthy life and leave a legacy of wellness by looking both to the past and to the future. You Are What Your Grandparents Ate takes conventional wisdom about the origins of chronic disease and turns it upside down. Rooted in the work of the late epidemiologist Dr. David Barker, it highlights the exciting research showing that heredity involves much more than the genes your parents passed on to you. Thanks to the relatively new science of epigenetics, we now know that the experiences of previous generations may show up in your health and well-being. Many of the risks for chronic diseases — including obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and dementia — can be traced back to your first 1,000 days of existence, from the moment you were conceived. The roots of these vulnerabilities may extend back even further, to experiences your parents and grandparents had — and perhaps even beyond. Similarly, what happens to you will affect your children and grandchildren. That's why it's so important to make good dietary choices, get a suitable amount of exercise and be cautious about exposure to toxins. Positive lifestyle changes have been shown to spark epigenetic adjustments that can lead to better health, not only for yourself, your offspring and their children, but also for generations to come. THE CHILE PEPPER BIBLE: FROM SWEET AND MILD TO FIERY AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN Contrary to popular belief, a pepper does not need to make your eyes water or start a fire in your mouth to qualify as a chile. Chile is simply the common name for the fruit of the capsicum plant. Chiles come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and flavors. This comprehensive book (which serves as both a reference and a cookbook) from bestselling author and expert researcher Judith Finlayson takes you through the many varieties of chiles and provides absorbing information on everything from the historical and geographic origins of chiles, information on The Scoville Scale (it measures the hotness of a chile and was invented by Wilbur Scoville), health benefits and finally, 250 delicious and inventive recipes. From fiery Tex-Mex inspired meals to savory and sweet Thai, this collection of recipes are sure to make you a lover of all things chile! Here's just a tempting sample of the dishes that await you: Appetizers like Cheese Arepas, Fresh Cucumber Kimchi, Guacamole, Indian-Style Roti are the perfect jumping off point for any dinner and sumptuous soups like Mulligatawny, Thai Coconut Chicken and Pepper Black Bean Soup bring warmth and comfort on a cold winter's day. Chiles add their wonderful and distinctive flavor to fish and seafood and this is highlighted beautifully in Jamaican-Style Fish Cakes, Paella, Shrimp Creole, Bahia-Style Chowder. And Judith's beef and veal recipes marry beautifully with chiles -- resulting in delectable Mexican Meatballs, Chinese Beef with Orange, Beef Fajitas and Ropa Vieja. There are also recipes for sides, fresh salsas, sambals and chutneys, not to mention sauces, marinades, dressings and condiments. You're sure to enjoy the wealth of information and recipe in this book that's dedicated to the delights of chiles. THE HEALTHY SLOW COOKER, SECOND EDITION Judith Finlayson The first edition was incredibly successful having sold close to 95,000 copies! Definitions of healthy eating have changed quite dramatically since The Healthy Slow Cooker was first published in 2006. In those days, it was one size fits all — low fat, low calorie and no saturated fat. Since then, there's been a shift in thinking. Many leading experts now feel that many of our modern diseases are directly associated with the consumption of wheat and advocate reducing carbohydrates. Another significant development is that the evidence against saturated fat has been gradually diminishing. All the recipes are delicious, nutrient-dense and have a balanced approach that will suit a wide variety of people. Incredibly healthy meals prepared in a slow cooker is an unbeatable combination! THE COMPLETE GLUTEN-FREE WHOLE GRAINS COOKBOOK From nutty to sweet, gluten-free whole grains are simply delicious. We've known for a while now that whole grains not only offer up a wide variety of health benefits, but are also incredibly delicious. We also know that more and more people are looking for gluten- free alternatives. That's where this book fits in perfectly — simply sublime recipes featuring amaranth, buckwheat, corn, Job's tears, millet, oats, quinoa, rice, sorghum, teff and wild rice. This full-color book features a wealth of health information on these grains. In addition, color photographs of each grain are included for easy identification. This book is proof that good taste and gluten-free options are not mutually exclusive. Judith Finlayson is a bestselling author whose lifelong love of food and passion for cooking has translated into sales of over 1 million cookbooks, including several popular slow cooker cookbooks. Visit her at: judithfinlayson.com THE VEGETARIAN SLOW COOKER All the advantages of eating more vegetables and grains and the convenience of a slow cooker. The first edition of this book (125 Best Vegetarian Slow Cooker Recipes) was very successful. This new edition is illustrated in full color and includes 100 new recipes that will appeal to a wide range of tastes. Using a slow cooker, even the most time-pressed person can arrive home to a ready-to-eat and delicious home-cooked meal. The Vegetarian Slow Cooker includes updated recipes for standard and traditional vegetarian dishes. Classic meat dishes have been recreated in vegetarian versions, with vegan-friendly recipes clearly identified. Some of the tantalizing recipes are: Onion-soused beans Braised tomato bruschetta Wild mushroom soup with miso Smoky tomato soup with cheesy crostini Broccoli and cheddar cheese cake Caramelized onion quiche Leek and potato cobbler with stilton Wheat berry ragout Butter bean and barley risotto From family favorites to exotic dishes, these recipes will inspire both full-time and occasional vegetarians to pull out their slow cookers. Any home cook can prepare delicious vegetarian fare with minimum attention and maximum certainty of success with Finlayson's recipes. THE 150 BEST SLOW COOKER RECIPES, SECOND EDITION Enjoy old standards and new classics in this revised and updated edition, plus more photos! The first edition of The 150 Best Slow Cooker Recipes has 425,000 copies in print and has been an outstanding success. A lot has changed since then, from our tastes and interests in healthier food to a much wider range of slow cookers, so we decided to revisit this bestseller. The result is a sensational slow cooker book that reflects today's home cook. This updated and revised edition features nearly 100 of your original favorites, plus an additional 75 new recipes that have been carefully sourced and selected by the author from some of her previous bestsellers. It means more fish, seafood and vegetarian favorites, as well as more whole-grain offerings. And in a nod to the slow cooker's humble beginnings, we've added more than a dozen sumptuous and tantalizing chili recipes, since nothing compares to chili prepared in a slow cooker. Every chapter has been revisited, updated and expanded. Judith Finlayson is a bestselling cookbook author and journalist whose slow cooker books have sold over 750,000 copies. SLOW COOKER COMFORT FOOD Wholesome, warm and homespun recipes with all the benefits of the slow cooker. In her newest slow cooker cookbook, Judith Finlayson combines the convenience and benefits of this handy appliance with her terrific recipes for home-cooked family favorites. Many of these healthy and robust dishes have retro appeal, while others meet the challenges of contemporary tastes and preferences. All are delicious and innovative, and once the slow cooker is turned on, the only chore left is to serve the piping-hot dish. With these recipes and a slow cooker, any home chef can be away from the kitchen all day and return to a hot, delicious ready-to-serve meal for the whole family. Slow Cooker Comfort Food includes such sure-fire hits as: Soothing appetizers like cheddar-onion melt Comforting soups like classic cream of mushroom Hearty stews, such as wine-soaked beef bourguignon The sumptuous Mom's chicken 'n' dumplings Cumin-spiced potatoes or East-meets-West pot roast to ward off a winter's chill Decadent and delicious desserts like chocolate bread-and butter pudding or caramelized apple upside-down spice cake. Also included are creative make-ahead ideas with tips and techniques that maximize the potential of the slow cooker and assure outstanding results every time. THE COMPLETE WHOLE GRAINS COOKBOOK Discover the delights of cooking with whole grains. U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend that adults consume at least three servings of whole grains every day. Fortunately, whole grains are delicious -- as enjoyed in the outstanding and healthy recipes found in Judith Finlayson's The Complete Whole Grains Cookbook. The flavors of whole grains vary from earthy to nutty and sweet. All can be appetizing on their own, marry well with a wide variety of seasonings, and add taste and texture to any dish. They also provide a variety of benefits such as reduced risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. In this new book, Judith Finlayson includes whole grains from amaranth and buckwheat to Job's tears, quinoa and wild rice. There is information on each grain's origins along with its culinary and nutritional profile, buying and storage guidelines, and cooking methods. Among the delicious and wholesome recipes: For breakfast or brunch: buttermilk buckwheat pancakes; old-fashioned cornbread For a departure from workweek fare: lemon lover's tabbouleh; Asian spiced beef with soba noodles; wheat berry salad with arugulav Delectable main dishes: barley jambalaya; peppery shrimp with couscous; steak and mushroom pie with barley in whole F wheat crust Yummy desserts: gingery shortbread; deep-dish apple pie with streusel topping; brown bread ice cream. Each recipe includes a complete nutritional analysis. With tips for preparation and extensive sidebars, The Complete Whole Grains Cookbook guarantees a delicious and nutritious meal.

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Cremorne was a clipper ship of Sutton and Co.'s Dispatch Line and Coleman's California Line. She sailed between New York and San Francisco. Her services were advertised in sailing cards. Construction The hull was built by Maxson, Fish & Co. in Mystic, Connecticut. The owners of the vessel were Lawrence, Giles & Co. of New York. Her first commander was Captain Isaac D. Gates. "Her intended service was the California and East India Trade ... This vessel is well built, and in every respect thoroughly and heavily fastened with composition spikes, copper butt bolts, and treenails. Her keel is of white oak, also her keelsons of three thicknesses, all edge-bolted. Her frames are of white oak and white chestnut, very heavy; ceiling, white oak, beams and deck frame, white chestnut, all full kneed with hacmetac and oak knees; clamps are edge-bolted; patent windlass. Has six hooks and pointers forward, and same number aft." Voyages "Of six westward passages to San Francisco, four were completed to New York, and one carried wheat to Liverpool. Her record run was from San Francisco to the Equator in 14 days." Locomotive transport "One ship carrying a locomotive, Cremorne, sailed through a hurricane in October 1865." Cremorne left New York on October 21, 1865, and arrived in San Francisco on March 9, 1866 after a voyage of 140 days, carrying Central Pacific locomotive CP 11. Fate of the ship "Cremorne was posted as missing in 1870." "On June 1, 1870, the Cremorne passed through the Golden Gate bound for Liverpool ... and she was never heard from again." See also South Street Seaport References Clippers Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States Passenger ships of the United States Merchant ships of the United States Ships built in Mystic, Connecticut Individual sailing vessels 1863 ships Maritime incidents in June 1870 Missing ships

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Breakfast with the Commish It's been two weeks since the event, but I didn't want my copious note-taking to be in vain. As a result of my year's service as a member of the Philadelphia Flyers Fan Advisory Board, I was invited to breakfast and panel with NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman. I chose as my companion a Tweep and delightful person LauraTheActiveStick, who also has a blog at theactivestick.wordpress.com. Of course, I added a little extra stress to our morning by having her meet me at the wrong Sheraton (Society Hill) in Philadelphia. But after a Keystone Cops-y taxi trip, we arrived at the correct Sheraton (Downtown). The Commish didn't arrive for breakfast until it was nearly over, having spent, I surmise, that hour with prospects and their families at the cleverly named "Prospects and Families" breakfast. But after he stopped in to look at the crispy bacon, we (a few Flyers season ticket holders and quite a few men in suits who didn't look like anyone I'd ever seen before, so we don't think they were media and it seems unlikely they were front office people, who who likely would have been busy in draft war rooms, so we'll assume they were representatives of marketing partners and advertisers) all decamped to the panel across the hall. The panel comprised Commissioner Bettman, new Flyers President Paul Holmgren, Flyers Chief Operating Officer Shawn Tilger, Flyers Captain Claude Giroux, and Flyers starting goaltender Steve Mason. No questions were taken but an NHL communications staffer served to tee up topics. The commissioner, to my surprise, is charming, funny, and self-effacing. I didn't get a chance to talk to him one-on-one, but I hope he would not have remembered me from my telling him in passing on West 53rd street during the most recent lockout that I hated him for destroying my game. At the time, the look of stunned dismay on his clearly exhausted face was satisfying. After spending time with him on draft day, I'm very sorry about that. State of the Game Mr. Bettman started off talking about the state of the game. He believes the NHL has never been better, with the best athletes, the best game, the best competition. Never faster or more entertaining. Arenas were at 96% capacity during the regular season and more-than 100% capacity for the playoffs. And because of the NBC deal, for the first time every playoff game was shown on national television. The league is also available on more digital platforms and continuously working to develop more and better use of new technologies to watch and follow the game. He believes current ways to access the game are the right foundations; the system is fair and makes sense, enabling fans to connect in more ways. Winter Classic At this point, newly appointed Flyers President and former General Manager Paul Holmgren spoke. He began by saying "In my mind the league is where it is today because of Commissioner Bettman's leadership." He also discussed the potential for a future Winter Classic involving the Flyers. Because the Flyers have been involved in two Classics so far, to the delight of the players, fans, and organization, and the Flyers "would absolutely love to do it again." Mr. Bettman interjected that the initial plan was not to have a Winter Classic every year, but the league believes it has turned out to be a great annual event. Shawn Tilger The Flyers organization is focused on generating a new generation of fans. Coming up to the team's fiftieth anniversary in 2017, a focus of customer service is to grow the sport, increase consumption (through television, radio, attendance), invest time and resources in youth hockey. The Flyers never have to sell passion to knowledgeable fans that the organization respects. Although there is often the idea that there are 19,000 Flyers fans, the team realizes that most tickets are shared between multiple fans. This year the Flyers had 820,000 fans at home games, clearly not all repeat customers. The organization is begging the league for another Winter Classic, stadium games, and an All-Star game. As the goalie representative on the panel, Steve Mason was asked to address the shootout. Although not his favorite thing, he recognizes that the fans seem to love it, although he has mixed emotions himself. But fans look forward to the atmosphere. Claude Giroux added that the team has a love/hate relationship with the shootout. If you win it's the greatest idea ever, but when you lose… But there is change in the air. Commissioner Bettman brought up that although the shootout ha been a success, they would like more games to end at least in overtime without a shootout being necessary. In order to improve the number of overtimes ending in a winner they will be switching ends at the beginning of overtime, resulting in a long change on shifts. The hope is that the increase in goals scored that is achieved in second periods with the long change will be reflected in overtime scoring. Also, instead of a 1-minute break between regulation and overtime, there will be a 4 ½-minute break for a dry scrape to improve ice conditions for overtime. However, to make the shootout even more interesting if it is necessary, coaches will not have to submit a list of shooters. They'll have the flexibility to use individual players more than once in the shootout. They also want to get rid of the spinorama, which is not a real in-game hockey move, but the NHLPA has not agreed to that. The NHL Players' Association says that they are unanimously against getting rid of the spinorama, but a goalie on the committee said, "I don't remember voting on that." Commissioner Bettman said they wouldn't touch a shootout for the playoffs and Holmgren, in his best intimidator attitude, said "There will never be shootouts in the playoffs." It felt like a very "over my dead body" statement. And he's a lot bigger than Bettman. Claude Giroux spoke about what the day is like for the kids in that other breakfast. He said draft day is really long when you are a prospect. You can't sleep the night before. The first round of the draft is at night and all day there is nothing to do. In his draft in 2006, Giroux had talked to both Montreal and the New York Rangers and hoped to be picked 20th or 21st. But he felt he was borderline and was worried. When those two teams did not pick him, he turned to his dad and said he'd be taken on day two. But then the Flyers came up at 22 and Bobby Clarke forgot his name when the selection was made. They went to dinner after the draft. Commissioner Bettman interjected, "There's nothing borderline about you." Then he added that there is a screen with the player the team has informed the league it will draft right on the podium, so for Clarke to forget Giroux's name was pretty odd. Steve Mason's experience was a bit different. "I was going somewhere between grocery worker and 7th round, so I wasn't at the draft." He found out on the computer that he was a third-round pick, but it was exciting nonetheless. According to Bettman, there is always a next season and the draft is the annual rite of renewal. It is always coming up. He is bemused by the fact that 15,000 people show up to watch which is in essence a business meeting. Still, it is nice to feel the embrace of a community. Paul Holmgren shared that he was drafted by the Flyers in 1975 and didn't know until about a week later. There had been no contact because he'd already signed with the rival World Hockey Association. As for the draft that night, Shawn Tilger encouraged everyone to take in the whole event both live and using interactive technology. It is a made for television event, so the digital access will enhance the live experience. As a final note on the draft from the commissioner, a laughing Bettman said, "It won't hurt my feelings if you don't boo me tonight. Tell your friends." Commissioner Bettman said that the league is in joint consultation with the players' association on resurrecting the World Cup of Hockey and that it is an important venture. In his opinion, the Flyers as an organization represent everything good, compelling, and important about Philadelphia. The heart and soul leadership have propelled the Flyers to their position in the community. Shawn Tilger said that Philadelphia was recently dubbed "The New Hockeytown" and it is a distinction the city has earned. And finally, Steve Mason said that the past year has been the best year of his life and part of that is because of the fans of Philadelphia. [Note: If you heard about the draft, you know the Commissioner was roundly booed, as he is in every public appearance in every city. But unlike early in his tenure, he's learned to roll with it. He was relaxed and funny and I really believe he meant it when he said, "I love your passion."] Leave a Comment » | hockey, sports business | Permalink When Season Ticket Holders Attack! For the third year in a row, I attended the Philadelphia Flyers Season Ticket Holder Town Hall meeting. This year, to the inconvenience of all the Jewish STH's, the meeting was on the first night of Passover. So in addition to serving the folks who usually check in on this annual blog, I hope I'll be able to provide some insight for those whose observance left them out of the loop. Luukko and Tilger–Operations My first stop was with Flyers President Peter Luukko and his right hand, Shawn Tilger (Sr. VP of Business Operations). They started out with a conversation about the Flyers having bid to host the NHL Draft. (When I said I hoped it would be when we actually had draft picks, Tilger did say it was a three-year cycle. I'm pretty sure the underlying agreement with us not having draft picks was not intended.) 1 Comment | hockey, sports, sports business | Tagged: Backlund, Bodrov, Carcillo, Chris Pryor, David Laliberte, Don Luce, Flyers, Holmgren, Jeff Carter, Kalinski, Kevin Marshall, Klotz, Laviolette, Lehtivuori, Luukko, Marc Andre Bourdon, Mike Richards, Nodl, Pat Maroon, Petrov, Ray Emery, Season ticket holders, Tilger | Permalink Last Minute Tickets a Bargain Even when I still had Phillies Season Tickets, the purchase of post-season seats included minor annoyances. I'll never understand charging season ticket holders a fee for buying their season tickets, or for buying post-season tickets. Incorporate the cost of doing business in the ticket, for heaven's sake. But now that I have not even a Six-Pack plan, I had decided that the post-season was out of reach. I'd seen the ticket prices on Stub Hub and knew I couldn't afford to go. Today, I was jonesing big time for tickets for tonight's game between the Phillies and the Dodgers. A post season without me? I couldn't imagine it. But I went to Stub Hub again, to remind myself that the tickets were beyond me. What did I see but a set of three tickets behind the plate in the Hall of Fame Club at an unbelievably low price. I called the agency, asked them if the seller would consider selling a single (leaving them with a very easy-to-sell pair). They called the seller. He said yes. And I'm going to the Phillies game tonight. Read the rest of this entry » 1 Comment | baseball, sports, sports business | Tagged: baseball, Phillies, post season, ticket agents, tickets | Permalink Drop the Puck? You have got to be kidding me. I wait all summer for the hockey season to start. I spend all this time longing for opening night, with all the hooplah and happiness, and this is what I get? What genius thought this was a great idea? What brilliant PR person at the Philadelphia Flyers, who usually don't put a foot wrong, didn't realize that forcing all of their paying customers to attend what will amount to a pre-election rally for Sarah Palin is not the right thing to do? Since when is politicizing the product (in a largely Democrat city, no less) good for the brand. Yes, I know Ed Snider is all over the Ayn Rand pseudo-philosophy. But his personal politics are his own business. His business should not be used to be political. And I don't want to have Sarah Palin shoved down my throat. On a night when the fans should be welcomed back and charged up to start another run for the cup, the focus will be, not on the Flyers, or their fans, but on a political candidate who's approval/performance ratings have been falling consistently. And if I have to hear how sexy she is by wickedly chuckling men (it started immediately) for the next three days, I'll puke. Please don't tell me this is a victory for feminism, when the only positive thing people have to say about a woman candidate is how cute she is. Can we have smart, please? There are plenty of women out here who are smart. Lot's of them are smart AND cute. 1 Comment | hockey, sports, sports business | Tagged: Ed Snider, hockey, Philadelphia Flyers, puck, sarah palin | Permalink What's That You Said? The LPGA is requiring golfers to achieve a basic level of competence in conversational English in order to continue to play on tour. This has, as you might expect, caused a firestorm of reaction. For a balanced, nuanced view, Ron Sirak looks at reaction from players and agents. Read the rest of this entry » Leave a Comment » | golf, sports, sports business | Tagged: Bob Ford, David Whitley, Jason Sobel, Jim McCabe, language requirement, LPGA, Padraig Harrington, Sirak | Permalink How Can It Be Memorabilia When There Are No Memories? The FBI has apparently begun a crackdown on the sports memorabilia business. I'll admit that I don't really understand the collection of autographed memorabilia. It isn't that I don't have autographed items, but apart from a lithograph that was produced by and for the Flyers Wives Fight for Lives carnival a number of years ago, a couple of gifts the Flyers sent to me as a season ticket holder, and the irreplaceable (don't laugh too hard, now) Ricky Botallico autographed baseball sent to Phillies season ticketholders after his All-Star season, I don't own, nor have I ever coveted, an autographed item that was not autographed in my sight by an athlete or former athlete. Read the rest of this entry » 2 Comments | sports, sports business | Tagged: autographs, Ozzie Smith, Paul Blair, Randall Cunningham, sports, sports memorabilia, Tug McGraw | Permalink Sports As Business I'm really tired of guys who are talking about the financial decisions of a team (either pro or con) saying "they're running it like a business." Of course they are, lemonhead, it IS a business. but a well-run business knows what its capital is worth. and it is willing to spend for value. and it realizes that you can't make money without spending money. The Chicago Blackhawks are run like a business–a very very BAD business. And the Colorado Avalanche are run like a business–a really GOOD business. Leave a Comment » | hockey, sports business | Tagged: Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, hockey, sports business | Permalink You are currently browsing the archives for the sports business category.

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Q: Automorphic Banach spaces A Banach space $X$ is called automorphic if for every closed subspace $Y\subseteq X$ with $\dim X/Y=\infty$, every automorphism (= linear continuous isomorphism) of $Y$ can be extended to an automorphism of $X$. The Banach space in the following problem is assumed to be separable and infinite-dimensional. Problem. Is every automorphic Banach space isomorphic to $c_0$ or $\ell_2$? This problem was posed on 23 November 2022 by Anatolij Plichko on page 39 of Volume 3 of Lviv Scottish Book. Prize. Bottle of ''Тернівка''.

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Manuela Pinheiro (1939) é uma pintora e ilustradora portuguesa. Percurso Nascida em 1939, Manuela Pinheiro, licenciou-se em pintura pela Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa e em Ciências Pedagógicas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa. Fez também o curso de gravura na Sociedade Cooperativa da Gravadores Portugueses. A artista foi bolseira da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, da embaixada de Espanha e do Instituto de Alta Cultura da Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes de San Jorge de Barcelona. Prémios Ganhou vários prémios, entre eles: 1º Prémio de Pintura a óleo no XIIº Salão de Outono da Junta de Turismo da Costa do Estoril. Medalha de bronze do V Salão de Arte Moderna da Junta de Turimo da Costa do Estoril. Medalha de bronze de Gravura no XII Salão de Outono da Junta de Turismo da Costa do Estoril. 1º Prémio de Gravura (placa de Prata) no Salão de Artes Plásticas (Figueira da Foz) (1968). Prémio Exposição Itinerante, Espanha. Prémio de Aquisição na II Bienalle Internazionalle della Gráfica (Florença, Itália) (1969). Placa de Menção Honrosa no I Salão de Artes Plásticas (Santarém). Prémio Bial em 1994 - Menção Honrosa com a ilustração da capa do livro "O Hábito de Beber no Contexto Existencial e Poético de Fernando Pessoa" de Francisco Manuel da Fonseca Ferreira. Obra Ilustração capa do livro "Bastardos do Sol" de Urbano Tavares Rodrigues. capa do livro "O Hábito de Beber no Contexto Existencial e Poético de Fernando Pessoa" de Francisco Manuel da Fonseca Ferreira. capa do livro "O Ouro e o Sonho" de Urbano Tavares Rodrigues. Pintura pintura a óleo para o retábulo da Capela de Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem de Mafra. solidão em bola de balão Afecto em Tempo de Mudança I Casario Incompleto Casario Conflito Social Mulher - Nú I Fernando Pessoa I (serigrafia) Fernando Pessoa II (serigrafia) Afecto I (serigrafia) Ligações externas Pinturas de Manuela Pinheiro 9arte (biografia) Sociedade Portuguesa de Autores Referências Gravadores de Portugal Pintores de Portugal Pintoras de Portugal Pintores de Portugal do século XX Ilustradores

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Activities to teach creative writing. Creative writing in the classroom: five top tips for teachers Teacher The week-long event celebrates books, stories, the many and varied styles and types of writing, artwork and illustrations, and reinforces creativity and communication skills.... You can find 48 creative writing tasks with picture prompts in these ppts. Unlike technical, academic, and other forms of writing, creative writing fosters imagination and allows students to have a voice. A deputy headteacher shares his pointers for planning a whole unit of work to teach writing at primary level Planning a unit of work from scratch in primary can be a daunting prospect, particularly for a core skill like writing. There are so many decisions to make and just getting started is often a... Activities to teach creative writing. Creative writing in the classroom: five top tips for teachers Teacher The week-long event celebrates books, stories, the many and varied styles and types of writing, artwork and illustrations, and reinforces creativity and communication skills. What others are saying "The Growing Room Ideas for teaching children writing creative story vocabulary spelling sentence paragraph words fun games (L I can see how this works.

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The bestselling author of Logical Chess Move by Move guides players through 62 masterly strategies for chess success in The Most Instructive Games of Chess Ever Played. One of the best ways to learn chess strategy is to play over annotated master games, and Logical Chess Move by Move is one of the best annotated game collections for beginners. This new revised edition by Batsford Chess is now in algebraic notation. Irving Chernev shows beginners the chess strategies required to master the game through sixty two deeply annotated games. Considered a classic of chess literature and a perfect companion to Chernev's Logical Chess Move by Move (also recently updated). Includes chess games from such chess greats as Capablanca, Tarrasch, Fischer, Alekhine, Lasker and Petrosian. 13. Every Move a Threat! Highly Recommended book for players with a 1400-1600 chess rating.

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DENVER— April 10, 2018 ­— Colorado Creative Industries (CCI) today announced the participants for this year's Spring Change Leader Institute, which is taking place April 9-11 in Colorado Springs. The Institute creates a statewide network for creative professionals and community leaders, and supports CCI's goal of enabling cultural and community leaders to work through environmental and organizational change. Change Leaders who complete the Institute will be more prepared for future challenges and will be better equipped to offer creative solutions in response to social and community needs. This biannual program, consisting of a three-day curriculum, offers an opportunity for professional development and teaches communication skills that can help leaders leverage and facilitate change in our communities. Highlights of what Change Leaders will learn at the Institute include navigating group dynamics, developing effective negotiation tactics, and building a strong community. Ongoing peer support through social media is an important component of the program. Interested community leaders may apply online at the Creative Industries website for future Change Leader Institutes. Limited to a group of 12 people at each Institute, candidates not selected for the next program will be on a waiting list for future institutes.Visit www.coloradocreativeindustries.org for more information. Colorado's Creative Industries Division, Colorado's state arts agency, is a division of the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade. Established to capitalize on the immense potential for our creative sector to enhance economic growth in Colorado, the mission of Colorado Creative Industries is to promote, support and expand the creative industries to drive Colorado's economy, grow jobs and enhance our quality of life.

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Transformation is such a favorite topic around here. While some might by more sexual or ferocious, in the case of Issa is mostly just powerful. Though that is not to ignore the parts that can be rather sparkly and teasing. She inherited some herculean strength and stature as her power, while it forced her to give up dreams of being a proper magical girl. It seems she decided instead to jump straight into the super hero territory instead. There are a lot of mischief and monsters that come around this time of month, so I am sure Super Shoujo Girl will have a lot of opportunities to deliver justice. Who doesn't love magical muscle girl transformations? Knowing the Internet probably someone, but SSG can just smash them.

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Leurophyllum is een geslacht van rechtvleugeligen uit de familie sabelsprinkhanen (Tettigoniidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van dit geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1906 door Kirby. Soorten Het geslacht Leurophyllum omvat de volgende soorten: Leurophyllum albidovenosum Beier, 1954 Leurophyllum angustixiphum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 Leurophyllum annulicorne Walker, 1871 Leurophyllum brevicauda Beier, 1954 Leurophyllum brevixiphum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 Leurophyllum consanguineum Serville, 1838 Leurophyllum granulatum Beier, 1954 Leurophyllum luridum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 Leurophyllum modestum Bruner, 1906 Leurophyllum tenebrosum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 Leurophyllum unicolor Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 Leurophyllum vulturinum De Geer, 1773 Sabelsprinkhanen

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This article is about the term in baseball. For the cricket term, see Switch hit. For the Arrested Development episode, see Switch Hitter. In baseball, a switch-hitter is a player who bats both right-handed and left-handed -- right-handed against left-handed pitchers, and left-handed against right-handed pitchers. Most switch-hitters have been right-handed throwers, though among other exceptions have been the following players: Lance Berkman, Dave Collins, Doug Dascenzo, Mitch Webster, Wes Parker, Melky Cabrera, Nick Swisher, Justin Smoak, David Segui, Daniel Nava, and J. T. Snow (who in the final years of his career hit exclusively left-handed). Switch-hitting pitchers are relatively rare. They include Mordecai Brown, Norm Charlton, Vida Blue, Marvin Rotblatt, Sid Monge, Johnny Vander Meer, J.C. Romero, Kyle Snyder, Wandy Rodriguez, Troy Patton, Tim Dillard, Tyler Johnson, Carlos Zambrano, Dock Ellis, Anthony Claggett, Kris Medlen, Justin De Fratus and Drew Storen. Joaquín Andújar sometimes hit right-handed against lefties, sometimes left-handed. Management also had a say in the switch-hitting careers of Bob Gibson and Dwight Gooden. Both Gibson and Gooden—each right-handed, and a fine hitting pitcher—had reached the major leagues as a switch-hitter, and both their teams required them to bat only right-handed, to reduce the possibility of their pitching arms being hit by a pitch. In Boxing, it is also referred as the ability to interchange boxing stances in midst of the fight between an Orthodox Stance (Right-handed preference Straight and Left-handed preference Jab) and a Southpaw stance (Left-handed preference Straight and Right-handed preference Jab).

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A series of events are planned in order to set the pace of the cooperation. Three events are scheduled during the first year to trigger first cooperation and stimulate possible exchanges of researchers. The less classical topics, namely META and BIO, are addressed in the first year in order to clearly set the contour of the targeted fields and methods. The cooperation methodology is extended further during the second year, whereas some of the topics are left open for the third and subsequent years to raise initiatives during the two previous years.

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Unit B-3 Nexus Centre 8472 Malambo Rd, Lusaka info@alscapital.co.zm SME Finance Micro Loan Facility Payroll Based Retail Based Consumer Based Purchase Order Finance +260211 244 336/335 ALS Capital Limited is a wholly owned Zambian non deposit taking microfinance institution registered and regulated by the Bank of Zambia ("BOZ"). Formed in 1987 as Anglo Leasing Services Limited by Anglo American Corporation (Central Africa) as a captive leasing company to the Anglo Group in Zambia, the company now offers a broad range of financial services in the microfinance sector. The targeted clientele includes all consumers of financial services in Zambia, including SMEs and employees from private and public companies which include the following: Employees from NGOs, audit and law firms; Civil servants; Employees forming part of the defence forces in Zambia Employees from public and private organizations; SMEs; and Other retail / consumer customers. To be the most sought-after financial services company offering world class products and services, thus becoming the 'supplier of choice' to all our potential customers. To provide our customers with lasting financial solutions that achieves customer satisfaction and spurs them on to contribute to national economic development. To realise our vision through a combination of aggressively capturing a commanding share of the market and an unrivalled innovative product and service offering. We shall develop strong relationships with all our customers, enabling us to be viewed as indispensable partners, rather than just another financial service provider. We are here to lend you a helping hand Delivering long lasting financial solutions Are you in need of a loan? Get in touch with us. We will respond to you and have you started on the road to financial stability. Take look at Elizabeth Jayaseelan CFO (Acting Managing Director) Elizabeth has broad financial accounting, auditing and treasury experience gained from the financial services and FMCG sectors. Elizabeth joined the company in March 2008. She is an associate member of CIMA (UK). Mwape Bwanali Mr Bwanali is a Fellow of the Chartered Association of Certified Accountants ("FCCA"). He holds a Master of Business Administration ("MBA") degree from Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Business School ("EBS"). He is currently a private business consultant running a consulting firm, Treasfin Limited. He has previously worked in senior positions for over 20 years in banking, finance and accounting emanating from credible private and public institutions including Zambia National Commercial Bank Plc, Zambia Revenue Authority ("ZRA"), Bank of Zambia ("BOZ"), Zambia Sugar Plc and the then Zambia Industrial and Mining Corporation ("ZIMCO"). Mr Bwanali has a rich work and board experience at local and international level. He serves on a number of boards including: Centre for Coordination of Agriculture Research and Development in Southern Africa (Ccardesa), Programme Against Malnutrition ("PAM") and the National Aids Council ("NAC"). He is also a former Chairman for the Board of Trustees for the Zambia State Insurance Pension Fund ("ZSIPTF") and also served on the Finance and Projects Committee of the National Roads Fund Agency ("NRFA") Board. Harinda Gunasekera Hari is a Sri Lankan Chartered Accountant. He has been resident in Zambia for the past 25 years. Hari joined the ANZ Grindlays Zambia which subsequently became part of the Stanbic Bank Group in 1980. He served in various roles including those of Head of Finance, Head of Treasury and Head of Asset Finance a position he held until he retired in 2004. He is currently involved in property development, a leading real estate agency and a personal finance advisory services Company. He was appointed to the Board of ALS Capital on 1st June 2004. Mr. Maximillian Hamuukale Max is a Fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants ("FCCA") and the Zambia Institute of Chartered Accountants ("FZICA") with over 15 years of experience in Accounting, Finance and General Management in the energy and mining sectors. He holds various certificates in Finance, Management, Leadership, Sales and Marketing, Human Resource Management and Business Negotiating Skills all obtained within the region and overseas. Currently he is working as Chief Financial Officer at Spectra Oil Corporation Limited, a position held since 2004. Prior to that, had a five years stint in the then Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited ("ZCCM") before joining Spectra Oil Corporation Limited in 1997, as Financial Accountant, then rose rapidly through the ranks to a position of Finance Manager in 2001. Bradford Machila Member of the Law Association of Zambia ("LAZ"), International Bar Association ("IBA") Legal Practitioners, Master of Laws ("LLM"), Bachelor of Laws ("LLB"). Royal Russell School United Kingdom, Holborn Law School University of London, United Kingdom. Machila was elected Member of Parliament for Kafue Constituency and subsequently appointed Deputy Minister – Ministry of Justice in 2006, appointed Cabinet Minister - Ministry of Lands in 2007, appointed Cabinet Minister - Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries in 2008. Previously he worked for Zambia National Commercial Bank Plc as Legal Assistant, worked for Chibote Limited as Legal Officer, worked for Meridien Bank Limited as Executive Assistant/Counsel, Haki Chambers as Managing Director and Partner in Corpus Legal Practitioners. Richard Akitt Richard is a South African trained Chartered Accountant who is currently an active non – executive director of a number of private and AIM listed Isle of Man Companies where he is based. Richard served on the Board of ALS Capital from 2007 to 2020. Since relocating to the Isle of Man in 1990 from South Africa, until his retirement in May 2006, Richard was a founder and senior executive with a Group that develops software applications and provides third party administration services to the offshore life assurance and finance industries. Richard retired upon the company's acquisition by a British publicly listed company but remains a Non-Executive Director. Richard has other agricultural and property interests in Zambia. About ALS Our Loans Payroll Based Loans Retail Based Loans Consumer Based Loans Purchase Order Loans Currency Standing (BOZ) Copyright © All rights reserved | Developed by TechTitan

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Due to circumstances outside of our control, the owner of the translator operating on 96.7FM chose to sell it and the new owner moved it out of the Asbury Park area. We can no longer use that signal to transmit WQXR programming. We are just as disappointed in this news as are our listeners. Below are alternative listening options for you to consider. First we suggest listening to WQXR online at wqxr.org. This requires a high-speed internet connection and good speakers at home or at work. In the car or on-the-go you access WQXR through our iPhone and Android app. It entirely removes the question of signal range. We understand that listening to WQXR with a computer is not the aesthetic some listeners are looking for; therefore you might want to consider an Internet radio—a stand-alone device that can tune in thousands of free radio stations broadcast online. Internet radios come in traditional table top form and are also available as "tuner" style radios that plug into an existing hi-fi stereo system or speakers. Listening on an internet radio not only eliminates the entire problem of static and interference (since it is not broadcast over air waves), but also puts thousands of other stations across the globe at your fingertips. Tips on listening to our online stream can be found here: http://www.wqxr.org/#/audio/help/. If you have no problem receiving our sister station, WNYC 93.9 FM, clearly you may be able to tune into our HD broadcasts. Tuning into the HD signal would require an upgrade to an HD radio. (Most models allow you to also tune into analog AM and FM signals, as well.) Digital radio provides a clearer sound than analog radio, and it helps cut down on static cause by multi-path distortion – that echo sound or static that sometimes occurs if reception is faltering (this can be especially common in metropolitan areas). HD radios are available in car, hand-held, and table-top models. You can also purchase HD tuners that plug into existing home stereo and speaker systems. To listen to WQXR, you would tune to the HD 2 channel on 93.9 FM. For more information on HD radio, please visit this link: http://hdradio.com/what-is-hd-radio. More information about tuning in with an internet or HD radio can be found on our website at http://www.wqxr.org/#/audio/hd_internet/. We hope that these suggestions prove useful to you, and please don't hesitate to contact us with any further concerns.

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Watch Montage: Enemedia Use George H.W. Bush Death to Trash President Trump By Pamela Geller - on December 5, 2018 Democrats: Party of Treason The Democrats like Republicans ….. when they're dead. Remember when the MSM treated George HW Bush horribly, and they were vicious to his VP too. https://gellerreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Montage-Media-Use-H.W.-Bush-Death-to-Trash-Trump-Grabien-New.mp4 Montage: Media Use H.W. Bush Death to Trash Trump 'Donald Trump is 180 from who George H.W. Bush is' By Tom Elliot, Grabien, December 5, 2018: The media just can't help themselves. While the coverage of President George H.W. Bush's passing has been notable in its respectful tone, many in the media are exploiting the solemn occasion to trash the current commander in chief. "Donald Trump is 180 from who George H.W. Bush is," CNN's Jamie Gangel said in a comment that typified this coverage. MSNBC's Mika Brzezinski used Bush's passing to go on an anti-Trump rampage, calling him "deviant" and suggesting the country should fear for our own survival. "What becomes undeniably obvious with every bio run about Bush 41 is that stark contrast between these two men. Bush served in the military, treated people with respect and dignity, and put country ahead of party and self time and time again over his half century in public service — half century," Brezinski said. "Over the last two years, deviancy has continued being defined down by this current president, his cronies, his supporters, who love telling reporters that they don't care how deviant his behavior becomes." "As is always the case, the presidency does not shape character, it reveals it in a raw fashion," she carried on. "And that is why we celebrate George H.W. Bush's legacy and fear the next two years of Mr. Trump's wild White House ride. As we continue to watch that, Andrea, it's conduct in office that we look at today with President Trump and we look at over the past few days, even, which leaves our jaws dropping." After contrasting Trump's antipathy toward the mainstream media with Bush's positive relationship with journalists, The Washington Post's Eugene Robinson said: "it just gives you a sense of the big character of the man and the contrast with the small character we see today." CNN's Jake Tapper, appearing on Seth Meyer's late night show, said the current president is improving Americans' perspective of George H.W. Bush: "There are a lot of things about George H. W. Bush that maybe people now appreciate that they didn't appreciate at the time." Another former CNN correspondent, Frank Sesno, "George Bush believed in the institutions of government, which I think, too, is another reason why this moment to remember and to compare and contrast is so important, because our institutions are so under siege by the government itself. CNN's former anchor, Bernard Shaw, said: "The world looked at George Bush because he was a leader respected. He had proven himself. This president has yet to do that." Victor on Nurse killed by Muslim ex-boyfriend because she refused to convert to Islam 1PierreMontagne1 on Muslims rape, stone 60-year-old Christian woman to death ned kelly on WATCH: President Trump Brings Up Ilhan Omar's Marriage Her Brother Recuerdodeamor on The Jihad 'Squad' Aims to Guillotine the Democratic Old Guard

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The project Bridge is inspired from the construction of iconic bridges around the world. Bridge represents the link between start and destination, a symbolic conjunction of two worlds, but most importantly it is a transition to the new one. Eye-catching rhythms of geometry have been captured in this passionate birch furniture collection. The Bridge furniture collection consists of functional design objects – a sofa, a lounge chair and an ottoman.

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Satellite Missions Airborne Sensors Observation of the Earth Services on SSE You are here Home › Directory › Satellite Missions › T › TecSAR | Share | TecSAR TecSAR (SAR Technology Demonstration Satellite) TecSAR is the first spaceborne radar minisatellite technology demonstration mission of Israel's MoD (Ministry of Defense), designed and developed by IAI/MBT (Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd.) formerly known as Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd., a government owned company. The prime objective is to provide high-resolution SAR imagery, day and night, in all weather conditions, at an affordable cost. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Note: The military nature of the mission does not allow to provide any more specifics to the description of this mission. This applies in particular to such items as "swath width." Some information on spatial resolutions is provided (Table 1). Spacecraft: The spacecraft features a low-mass design and a configuration (shape of bus with low moments of inertia about the roll axis), to provide a maximum of pointing agility. Combining high maneuverability with electronic antenna beam steering, TecSAR offers high-resolution coverage of large areas in various observation modes, among them also the mosaic form (event monitoring capability). 6) The spacecraft is 3-axis stabilized, using a newly developed bus, with a launch mass of < 300 kg (260 kg dry mass, including a payload mass of 100 kg). The design keeps the bus and payload well separated so that changes due to growth potential in either one element will have a minimum effect on the other element. Electrical power of 750 W (EOL) is provided by two solar panels. The AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem) provides a high degree of pointing accuracy. An onboard data storage capacity of 240 Gbit is provided. The spacecraft design life is 5 years (minimum). The highly agile bus design in combination with the body-pointing parabolic antenna dish system permits greatly increased viewing capabilities from the spacecraft. The spacecraft/antenna system may be dynamically redirected into any direction of the flight path (i.e. in the cross-track as well as in the along-track direction). Thus, a wide FOR (Field of Regard) within the incidence-angle range may be obtained on either side of the ground track for event monitoring coverage. Note: In retrospect, the TecSAR spacecraft bus is referred to as OptSat-2000 platform (Ref. 10). Figure 1: Illustration of the TecSAR spacecraft (image credit: IAI) Launch: The launch of TecSAR took place on January 21, 2008 on a PSLV launcher of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) from SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Center) at Sriharikota, India. IAI signed a launch contract with Antrix Corporation in Nov. 2005. 7) 8) 9) Note: Despite the advantages of the Indian carrier over a Shavit rocket, the policy of the Ministry of Defence - preservation of Israel's independent launch capability - remains unchanged. 10) Orbit: Slight elliptical orbit, altitude of 450 km x 580 km, inclination = 41º, 15.22 orbits/day, repeat cycle of 36 days. RF communications: High-rate X-band downlink. The system is operated with a number of ground stations. Mission status: • The TecSAR spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally in 2012. TecSAR has been producing thousands of high quality images per month since its launch in January 2008, to the users' full satisfaction. In Feb. 2012, IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries), the developer of TecSAR, won the Technological Innovation award at the "Technologies" group annual International Aerospace Conference and Exhibition in Jerusalem. 11) • The TecSAR spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally in 2010. • In June 2009, the Trinidad program (see below) hadn't received any funding so far from DoD due to budgetary problems. However, a US-Israeli team demonstrated the imaging capability of the TecSAR spacecraft in performance tests in Florida (3 weeks in June 2009). SAR imagery was downlinked, delivered and processed twice a day in a matter of 15 minutes for analysis by a user team. The demonstration validated to the military management the very responsive operational capability of the system. 12) • The first SAR imagery of TecSAR was received a few days after launch in January 2008. Future uses of the TecSAR system: As of April 2007, Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST) of Redondo Beach, CA is partnering with Israel Aerospace Industries to adopt IAI's TecSAR satellite for use in future versions of "operationally responsive space" applications of the US DoD. For this purpose, NGST will modify the satellite with additional payloads and specialized software. The upgraded satellite will be called "Trinidad" and be available 28 months after contract signature. NGST will combine its proven intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) mission systems engineering and systems integration capability with IAI's TecSAR high-resolution, synthetic aperture radar imaging satellite. Mission assurance capabilities, including secure communications and other US system requirements, will be incorporated into the spacecraft by NGST. Based on IAI's TecSAR multi-mode X-band radar imaging satellite, this new system can provide significant, near-term, day/night and all-weather point and area collection capability to meet the immediate needs of warfighters in theater as well as those of the broader intelligence community. 13) 14) 15) 16) The satellite will be operated with a compact, portable ground system that provides the flexibility to perform tasking and data dissemination from the continental USA or from any operational theater. The satellites can be individually launched from a low-cost Minotaur or Falcon 1 rocket, or as a group of four or more on an EELV-class launcher. Sensor complement: (XSAR) XSAR (X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar): XSAR was designed and developed by Elta Systems Ltd. of Ashdod, Israel, a subsidiary of IAI. The XSAR system has an airborne predecessor, a fully polarimetric X-band multimode instrument also of Elta Systems design and manufacture. Elta's multimode radar was flown on an airborne platform, a Boeing 737 (timeframe 2004), and data were provided at a resolution of 1m/ pixel. This airborne sensor served as a testbed for the XSAR payload of the TECSAR satellite. 17) XSAR operates at a center frequency of 9.59 GHz (3.1 cm wavelength) with a revisit period of 3 or 4 days and a repeat cycle of 14 days, the look angle can vary from 20-45º and the instrument is capable of acquiring data from both left and right look directions of the subsatellite track. The XSAR instrument consists of five major subsystems: 18) 19) - RSC (Radar Signaling and Control) system - MTT (Multi-Tube Transmitter) - Deployable paraboloid mesh antenna with electronic beam steering - OBR (Onboard Recorder) of 256 Gbit capacity - DLTU (Data-Link Transmission Unit). The payload modules are separated from the bus so that only cables and wires connect the two. The payload modules occupy a section close to the antenna (Figures 2 and 6). The OBR and DLTU components are part of the bus modules. The MTT is composed of 10 RF TWT amplifiers referred to as CTWTA (Channeled Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier). Only 8 CTWTAs (out of 10) are being used during an imaging phase; the other two are kept as cold redundancy. The MTT arrangement supports graceful degradation even if only seven of the ten CTWTAs remain in working order. The reflected signal passes through the feeder to a Front End (FE) that contains circulator and LNA (Low Noise Amplifier). A fast electronic switch at the receiver input selects the power coming from one out of the eight FEs. This power is amplified and sampled by a fast A/D (Analog/Digital) converter. The sampled data passes through a 6 to 3 bit per sample BFPQ (Block Floating Point Quantization) compression algorithm. The source data is then recorded onto the OBR (Onboard Recorder). In the TecSAR system design, a derivative of the BFPQ algorithm is used, namely MBFPQ (Modified Block Floating Point Quantization). The MBFPQ algorithm exploits the fast CPU computing power of the payload (80486DX2 CPU) thus avoiding the need to assume a Gaussian distribution of the data. 20) All electronics and RF devices (MTT and RSC) of the XSAR payload are part of the hexagonal container as shown in Figure 6. The radiating element of XSAR is the parabolic antenna, a deployable umbrella reflector, with a rigid CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) central dish and a set of knitted mesh gores stretched by skeleton ribs. The ribs lie on the surface of a parent paraboloid where each gore surface has a paraboloid cylinder contour. The configuration of the antenna is shown in Figures 2 and 4. A high paraboloid reflector surface accuracy is achieved by ribs position adjustment after mesh gores mounting. The antenna measurement technique was verified using the method of stereo photogrammetry. The entire reflector mesh has a mass of < 0.5 kg. High peak power dictates the overall mission power requirements. TecSAR needs 1.6 kW of power during imaging and the bus is designed to give 750W (EOL). Figure 2: Exploded view of the TecSAR components (image credit: ELTA Systems Ltd.) Figure 3: Illustration of the multi-beam feed (image credit: ELTA Systems Ltd.) Figure 4: View of the antenna and the XSAR payload (image credit: ELTA Systems Ltd.) The electronic beam steering capability is achieved by using an antenna feed array in the focal plane (the power generated in the MTT is being directed toward different feeders in the antenna feed array). Each feeder has a different position relative to the antenna focal point: hence, a multibeam pattern is created (Figure 3). The antenna includes a TTD (True Time Delay) function for the electronic steering with a very wideband beam. As a consequence of the wideband antenna and the TTD feature, the system's range resolution is not limited as in the case of an active phased array antenna. Figure 5: Antenna test and integration block diagram (image credit: ELTA Systems Ltd.) All electronic circuits and RF modules are of the payload are installed into a hexagonal container, including the MTT and the RSC (Figure 6). The OBR and DLTU are mounted in the bus section of the spacecraft. Figure 6: Overview of the payload hexagonal container (image credit: ELTA systems Ltd.) Modes of operation: The multi-mode payload employs electronic beam steering, which can be operated in various observation modes including various polarization combinations (optional): HH, HV, VH, VV. • Stripmap mode: the synthetic apertures are targeted on wide geographical swaths. The spacecraft performs synchronous imaging and does not change its orientation during observations except for some small maneuver due to the need to keep the imaging strip parallel to the ground track. Squinted strip imaging is possible. • Wide coverage ScanSAR. The coverage of large strips is achieved by electronic beam steering. Three beams are used in the nominal wide coverage mode which create three footprints (subswaths) in the target area. The ground resolution in this mode is decreasing since the integration time is split up among the subswaths. The swath width can be increased by using more antenna beams. In principle the swath width may get to more than 100 km for some incidence angles. However, this reduces the ground resolution to about 20 m. • Spotlight mode: this focuses on a specific, pre-assigned target. In spotlight, the spacecraft performs mechanical steering to halt the antenna footprint in a specific target area. The longer integration time over the spot target area yields an improved azimuth resolution. The range resolution is achieved in adjusting the bandwidth to the incidence angle. The TecSAR ability for spotlight imaging in squint allows for multi-look imaging without any loss in resolution. To obtain a multi-look image of a given target area, a number of spotlight images are being observed, each at a different squint angle. • Mosaic mode: the radar imager slews its focus on a number of spots in the same general target area. The mosaic mode enables to extend the limited coverage of the spot mode by using the electronic steering capability of XSAR. In mosaic mode the radar beam scans in the range direction while the mechanical maneuvering advances the strip line in the azimuth direction. Hence, this mode may also be interpreted as the spot version of ScanSAR. Wide coverage ScanSAR mode Stripmap mode Super stripmap (mosaic) mode Spotlight mode < 1 m Table 1: Spatial resolution of TecSAR observation modes Figure 7: Illustration of the wide coverage mode (image credit: ELTA systems Ltd.) Figure 8: Illustration of the mechanical and electrical beam steering in the mosaic mode (image credit: ELTA systems Ltd.) Figure 9: Artist's rendition of the TecSAR spacecraft in Earth orbit (image credit: IAI) 1) "Two New Low Earth Orbit Satellites Will Be Displayed At The Paris Air Show By IAI'S MBT Space Division," June 13, 2005, URL: http://www.iai.co.il/Default.aspx?docID=32805&FolderID=32540&lang=EN&PageNum=5 2) Y. Sharay, U. Naftaly, "TecSAR Satellite -Novel Approach in Space SAR Design," Proceedings of IRSI (International Radar Symposium India) 2005, Bangalore, India, Dec. 20-22, 2005 3) U. Naftaly, "TecSAR - Performances, Design and Status," Proceedings of EUSAR 2004, Ulm, Germany, May 25-27, 2004 4) IAI at the 2007 Paris Air Show," URL: http://www.iai.co.il/SIP_STORAGE/files/7/35047.pdf 5) Y. Sharay, U. Naftaly, "TecSAR: design considerations and programme status," IEE proceedings of Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Vol. 153, No 2, 2006 6) Ury Naftaly, Ronit Levy-Nathansohn, "Overview of the TECSAR Satellite Hardware and Mosaic Mode," Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE Vol. 5, Issue 3, July 2008, pp.:423 - 426 7) "Israel Chooses Indian PSLV To Launch New Spy Satellite," URL: http://www.rantburg.com/poparticle.php?ID=134831&D=2005-11-12&HC=2 8) http://www.israelforum.com/board/showthread.php?t=9122 9) "TecSAR: Small SAR Satellite, Large Footprint," IAI news, First Quarter 2008, Issue 25, pp. 6-7, URL: http://www.iai.co.il/SIP_STORAGE/files/0/35920.pdf 10) Fred Ortenberg, "Israel in Space - Twenty Years of Exploration (1988-2008)," book, 2009, printed at Technion Press, Haifa, Israel, ISBN: 987-965-555-457-1 11) Israel Aerospace Industries' TecSAR Satellite wins "Technologies" Group Technological Innovation Award," IAI, Feb. 9, 2012, URL: http://www.iai.co.il/32981-43758-en/MediaRoom_News.aspx 12) Barbara Opall-Rome, "U.S. - Israel Team Demonstrate TecSAR Abilities to Pentagon," Space News, June 29, 2009, p. 5 13) "Northrop Grumman And IAI To Offer Rapid Response Operational Surveillance Satellites," Spacedaily, April 12, 2007, URL: http://www.spacewar.com/reports... 14) B. Iannotta, "Northrop To Market Israeli TecSAR Platform to Pentagon," Space News, April 16, 2007, p. 12 15) "Operationally Responsive SAR Satellite Offered by a US-Israeli Team," URL: http://www.defense-update.com/products/t/tecsar.htm 16) B. Opall-Rome, "Northrop Hopes To Ride TecSAR into US Responsive Space Market," Space News, Jan. 28, 2008, p. 5 17) D. G. Blumberg, "High Resolution X-band SAR Imagery for precise Agriculture and Crop Monitoring," POLinSAR 2007, 3rd International Workshop on Science and Applications of SAR Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, Jan. 22-26, 2007 URL: http://earth.esa.int/workshops/polinsar2007/papers/267_blumberg.pdf 18) Y. Sharay, U. Naftaly, " TecSAR: design considerations and programme status," IEE Proceedings- Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 153, Issue 2, April 13, 2006, pp. 117-121, ISSN: 1350-2395 19) R. Levy-Nathansohn, U. Naftaly, "Overview of the TecSAR Satellite Modes of Operation," Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006 20) Ury Naftaly, "The Modified BFPQ algorithm," Proceedings of EUSAR 2008, 7th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, June 2-5, 2008, Friedrichshafen, Germany The information compiled and edited in this article was provided by Herbert J. Kramer from his documentation of: "Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors" (Springer Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th edition in 2002. - Comments and corrections to this article are always welcome for further updates. TacSat-1 TanSat Tatiana-2 TEAMSAT TechDemoSat TechEdSat TechSat TeikyoSat 3 TET-1 THEOS TIMATION TISat-1 TRMM Tsinghua-1 TSX-5 TSX-NG TUBSAT TurkSat-3USat Satellite Missions | Airborne Sensors Observation of the Earth and its Environment Events | Images | Job Opportunities Maps & Orbits About eoPortal Maps | About Orbits eoPortal News About eoPortal News | Share your News Latest Newsletter | Newsletter Archive Services | Organisations | News Join and Share © ESA 2000 -

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Q: Shorten an NSString? I have a very simple question. Is there a built in method to shorten strings? If not can someone provide an example of doing that in ObjC? For example: ThisIsAVeryLongString should become ThisIsAV... It needs to check if the string is over a certain amount of characters and if it is shorten it. A: It's pretty straightforward... NSString *originalString = @"SomethingVeryLong"; int newLength = 9; if (originalString.length > newLength) NSString *shortString = [originalString substringToIndex:newLength];

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The Florida's Natural Charity Classic is a tour stop on the Symetra Tour, the developmental tour of the LPGA. The Symetra Tour, the official Road to the LPGA, began its 37th competitive season in 2017. With the support of its umbrella sponsor, Symetra, the Tour's mission is to prepare the world's best young women professional golfers for a successful career on the LPGA Tour. www.SymetraTour.com, Facebook.com/RoadtotheLPGA, Twitter.com/Road2LPGA, and YouTube.com/Road2LPGA.

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Connected directly to 230V power supply (No Transformer & Extra Accessories Required), ultra thin size, can be installed in ceilings that are mounted much lower and easier, getting more space and room height. Installation depth: 46 mm. Cut-Out Hole: 75 mm.2835 SMD chips, 2 color temperatures (3000K, 4000K), not dimmable. No interference on radio and other electrical appliances.Wide 60°rotation angle spotlights. You can swivel the ceiling lights as you like. Long lifespan: More than 20 000 H.More vivid and natural light is offered than an ordinary halogen. Perfect for living room, kitchen, dining areas, child room, bedroom, hall, basement, office and more. Available in round and rectangle shape.

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It was a stressful day of racing for the M-Class fleet at their 76th Annual Arch Logan Memorial Race which was held on Saturday 9 April on the Waitemata Harbour. Six boats were entered in this years race. Mach One, Menace, Motivator, Marksman, Marlin and Mirage. The conditions on Auckland have been anything but normal over the last few weeks with days after days of sunshine and no wind. Fleets are being forced to race in challenging conditions, outside of their comfort zone. There was an option to move the race to Sunday, however it was looking worse then Saturday! So the fleet hit the start line, drifted over, and some two hours later finally finished the marathon harbour course. The positions changed several times throughout the day with frustration evident on the faces of the sailors. Eventually it was Mach One who took the win. Howard Spencer and his crew Ray Davies, Nick Nicholson and Nick Hanson were stoked to have the race over with a successful result. The handicap win went to Motivator skipped by Lanny Walker, who had some Flying 15 ring-ings who jumped on board for the historical race. Sally Garrett, Jenny Price and Brian Kent jumped classes for the day to get Lanny on the water and racing, with a positive outcome. The season has now come to a close for the M-Class Fleet and the boats will vacate the ramp at The Landing, Royal Akarana Yacht Club for their winter maintenance before getting back on the ramp in October 2016 for the next season of racing.

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Toulouse different animal if Warrior returns Des Berry April 27 2011 12:53 PM THE GAMES began long before the game itself. As far back as a month ago, the words in the wind had it that France and Toulouse captain Thierry Dusautoir was the latest of their brethren to fall foul of injury. Sure enough, he was ruled out of action for a solid month with a leg problem and would be a rank outsider to make the Heineken Cup semi-final if Toulouse could overcome the brutal force of Biarritz Olympique in the Basque Country. At the same time, Leinster's Shane Jennings was smack bang in the middle of his recuperation from a cartilage problem that proved more enduring than he would have liked. The current French Championship leaders – they became the first club to qualify for their domestic semi-final by whitewashing Bourgoin 33-0 on Sunday – and Heineken Cup specialists are nothing if not canny in the ways of this world. As recently as last Monday week, Dusautoir was spoken of as a spiritual force certain to lend his knowledge but not his body to their preparations for the semi-final at the Aviva Stadium this Saturday. Lo and behold, Dusautoir appeared, as if out of thin air, to play out the entirety of the Bourgoin match, even donating one of the five tries. "I'm going to try to recuperate well but I'm not putting myself under any particular pressure regarding the European semi-final," he said. "The aim was to return but I'm going to give myself a few matches to reach my peak. I felt good even if obviously I was a bit wary because it was the first time in a month that I'd had contact." Toulouse with Dusautoir is a different animal to that without him. He is a great warrior, unafraid of the unknown, as he contemplates the first visit of Toulouse to the Aviva. Eleven days ago, Leinster's defensive organiser supreme, Jennings, returned to Leinster for the first time in eight weeks against Ulster in the Magners League. Jennings started there and against Aironi in Italy last Saturday afternoon as part of his return to top fitness. He knows all about the mind games and the hype that punctuate the build-up to the big games. They don't come any bigger than Toulouse or any better than their captain Dusautoir, a worthy adversary: "Throughout the season, if you look at their team, especially their back row, they can put any combination together. "I would have thought, when he was injured, even from the outset, they would gear him (Dusautoir) towards this game as a comeback target," issued Jennings. "He is obviously on course to do that given that he played last weekend. "He is a quality player. He is their captain. They will be looking to him for leadership. "He is a very, very good player and, more than that, he will be very influential in their preparation as well as actually playing in the game. I have played against him for a few years. He is very physical in defence, a good lineout forward and he can link very well. "Basically, he is the complete player. He is the French captain for a number of reasons. He is going to be big for them. He is also going to be tough for us to play against." Jennings is aware of how Leinster will need all hands on deck and working to a standstill to prevent Toulouse from marching on to their seventh Heineken Cup final. "We are in a very fortunate position, not just in the back row, but all over at the moment. Rob Kearney is still out injured. He is the one and only notable exclusion," said Jennings. "Other than that, we are all fighting fit and raring to go. There is good competition. That is what we want. There are 22-23 lads ready to go on the day." The competition is at its most fierce in the back row where Jennings will have to fend off the considerable claims of Kevin McLaughlin, Rhys Ruddock and Dominic Ryan if he is to join Sean O'Brien and Jamie Heaslip. Coach Joe Schmidt must decide whether to opt for the lineout excellence and hard edge of McLaughlin, the athletic, cavalier attitude of teenage powerhouses Ruddock and Ryan or the experience and organisational intelligence of Jennings. He will wait until Friday lunchtime to make his decision.

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New Hot Tix website offers first-time features for ticket-bargain hunters, fee free Friday on April 6 Chicago – The League of Chicago Theatres has launched its brand new Hot Tix website at HotTix.org, featuring a sleek new look, user-friendly search options, geo-locating to find nearby performances and mobile options. Half-price tickets are available now at HotTix.org. Deb Clapp, Executive Director of the League of Chicago Theatres states, "Hot Tix has been serving Chicagoans and visitors for over 35 years and the new site makes it easier than ever for people to access half-price tickets to Chicago's 250 theatres. The complete redesign and customer-focused platform vastly improves the user experience and seeks to introduce more people to Chicago's world-renowned theatre scene." The new features on HotTix.org allow visitors to geo-locate the half-price performances near them, discover a new neighborhood or genre, and buy half-price tickets straight from their mobile device. From Broadway musicals to intimate dramas to side-splitting comedies, Hot Tix's half-price show list is easily searchable by show name, theatre name, date, date range, price, genre, and more. Dozens of shows are available on the site—for both last-minute and advance planning. In celebration of the new website, Hot Tix will offer the first-ever "Fee Free Friday" on Friday, April 6, 2018. With a special promo code, customers will be able to buy half-price tickets to four new works with no fees added. The four participating shows will be announced on Monday, April 2 on Hot Tix's social media accounts (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) and the promo code will be released on Friday, April 6 at 12:01am. The code will be valid only on April 6 for the select half-price shows while supplies last. Ticket inventory is limited and may sell out quickly. Offer only valid for select shows. The "Fee Free Friday" landing page is at https://hottix.org/fee-free-friday/. Hot Tix, a service of the non-profit League of Chicago Theatres, exists to further promote and support Chicago area theatres. Since the new website launched in mid-January 2018, Hot Tix has seen a 19.1% year-over-year (YOY) increase in the number of users visiting the site. With 54% of users accessing the site from outside Chicago and 26% of users between the ages of 25 and 34 years old, Hot Tix plays an important role in introducing new audiences to Chicago's world-class theatre scene. In addition to selling half-price theatre tickets online, the League of Chicago Theatres operates two walk-up Hot Tix locations in downtown Chicago: across from the Chicago Cultural Center at Expo72 (72 E. Randolph) and inside Block Thirty Seven (108 N. State)—offering in-person customer service by knowledgeable theatre professionals. About Chicago theatre Chicago theatre is the leader in the U.S. with more than 250 theaters throughout Chicagoland, comprising a rich and varied community ranging from storefront, non-union theaters to the most renowned resident theaters in the country, including 5 which have been honored with Regional Tony Awards, and the largest touring Broadway organization in the nation. Chicago's theatres serve 5 million audience members annually and have a combined budget of more than $250 million. Chicago produces and/or presents more world premieres annually than any other city in the nation. Last year alone Chicago theatre companies produced more than 100 world premiere productions and adaptations. Each year Chicago theatres send new work to resident theaters across the country, to Broadway, and around the world. The League of Chicago Theatres' Mission Statement The League of Chicago Theatres is an alliance of theatres which leverages its collective strength to promote, support, and advocate for Chicago's theatre industry locally, nationally, and internationally. The League of Chicago Theatres Foundation is dedicated to enhancing the art of theatre in the Chicago area through audience development and support services for theatres and theatre professionals. For a comprehensive list of Chicago productions, visit the League of Chicago Theatres website, ChicagoPlays.com. Half-price tickets to the current week's performances as well as future performances are available at HotTix.org and at the two Hot Tix half-price ticket locations: across from the Chicago Cultural Center at Expo72 (72 E. Randolph) and Block Thirty Seven (108 N. State). Filed Under: Stories, Uncategorized

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Tabasco: Fighting bland food since 1868 The hot sauce industry is on fire with revenue of more than a billion dollars, but it all began with just one name: Tabasco Correspondent Sanjay Gupta This video is available on CBS All Access 60 Minutes All Access subscribers, Click here The following script is from "Cajun Ketchup" which aired on March 16, 2014. Dr. Sanjay Gupta is the correspondent. Sumi Aggarwal, producer. Tabasco is more than a mere condiment -- it's an American artifact. The sauce was first made in 1868 and within a few years, it was being served in the White House. Since then, it's made its way to nearly every country in the world. It is one of America's most prolific exports. A journey to the island where Tabasco is made Which is why we decided to take a closer look and what we discovered is that every bottle of Tabasco has been made by the same family, a very private family, producing their famous sauce, known locally as Cajun ketchup, on their very own private island in the middle of Cajun country for five generations. The McIlhenny clan has done it by adhering to 150 years of tradition in how they make their sauce and also what they say about it publicly - which is typically very little. Letting 60 Minutes come in with our cameras and our questions was a break from tradition. Avery Island is located in the bayous of Louisiana, west of New Orleans. Only two miles wide, the island has been owned by the McIlhenny's and their family for almost 200 years. It's 9 a.m. That means Tony Simmons, the fifth generation CEO, is heading to the warehouse for his daily taste test. Farmers all over the world grow the peppers, mash them and ship it all back to Avery Island. Sanjay Gupta: You do this every morning that you're here? Tony Simmons: Every morning I'm here I check these barrels if they're making mash. Where's this from? Man: Colombia. The Tabasco trademark That means every bottle of Tabasco in the world has his personal seal of approval. Tony Simmons: So I'm looking at the color and that's why I've got an incandescent light. I want to look at the color, I want to look at the seed. And when I taste the mash, usually what I'm looking for is I get some salt out on the edges of my tongue and then about the time you think, "Well, this isn't that much of a big deal," the heat comes late. You want to try? Sanjay Gupta: Sure. I'm watching you first, though. How was it-- Tony Simmons: I do this every morning. It's not so bad for me. Sanjay Gupta: Is that a good chunk? Tony Simmons: Yeah that's good. You just put it on the front of your tongue and then just let it sit there for a minute If you think Tabasco is hot, the raw ingredients are 10 times hotter. Tony Simmons: And then the heat-- the heat kicks in. Sanjay Gupta: Yeah, it does. Tony Simmons: So. Sanjay Gupta: Wow, Tony. I have newfound-- Man: Peru. Sanjay Gupta: --respect. Tony Simmons: Tastes like candy. Sanjay Gupta: Tastes like candy? Tony Simmons: Smells like money. Man: Honduras. Sanjay Gupta: Are there secrets in here though that you don't want the rest of that world to know? Tony Simmons: Our formula is only red Tabasco mash, vinegar, and a little bit of salt. So I don't know how many secrets we could really have with a process that simple. It was Simmons' great-great grandfather, Edmund McIlhenny, who created the sauce shortly after the Civil War. He began selling his concoction in old cologne bottles in New Orleans - calling it: Tabasco. One of Tabasco's most prized artifacts Tony Simmons: There was no commercially-sold hot sauce before Tabasco. Edmund invented the category. Sanjay Gupta: He is sort of the father of hot sauce? Tony Simmons: He's the father of hot sauce. Sanjay Gupta: That would make this the first family of hot sauce. Tony Simmons: That sounds real good. The first family of hot sauce turned Tabasco into one of the oldest and largest family owned-and-operated businesses in the country. Sanjay Gupta: You're the fifth generation family member to run this business? Tony Simmons: Uh-huh. Sanjay Gupta: How unlikely a story is this? Tony Simmons: Only 30 percent of companies outlive the founder or move to a second generation. And only 12 percent of companies actually make it to the third generation. So for us to be the fifth generation and still be doing this is a much smaller subset, I'm sure. From the beginning, the company has always been run by, and for, family members. The top management, board and 130 stockholders are all McIlhenny descendants. Sanjay Gupta: Estimates are that sales are close to $200 million a year. Am I in the right ballpark? Tony Simmons: You're probably in the right town. Sanjay Gupta: Could you put me in a better ballpark? Tony Simmons: No, like I said, we just don't give out financial information. Sanjay Gupta: What about margins, profit margins? Can you talk about that? Tony Simmons: Nope. Sanjay Gupta: None of it? Tony Simmons: None of it. It's a private, family-held business. Sanjay Gupta: Is there any advantage to not sharing this information? Tony Simmons: We're not sure. But we're probably not gonna find out either. Harold "Took" Osborn - another of Edmund's great-great-grandsons and Tony Simmons' younger cousin - is next in line to run the company. Sanjay Gupta: Everyone calls you Took. I mean, you're one of the senior guys in the company, the No. 2. What does that say about this culture here? Harold Osborn: When I came here I-- I put my name in the company directory as Harold. I didn't get any calls for the first six months 'cause no one knew who Harold Osborn was. They all knew me as Took. Sanjay Gupta: A decade from now, will one of the best known companies in the world be run by a guy named Took? Harold Osborn: Well, we might-- we might change that a little bit. Tony Simmons: They gonna call you Mr. Took? Harold Osborn: Mr. Took. That's right. Mr. Took. Even though he's the heir to the Tabasco crown, Osborn inspects the pepper bushes himself...much as his ancestors did, as this company film shows. Harold Osborn: You have to walk through the field. And we take rope. And we say, this plant, that plant. You can almost see the personality of the plants. And then we tie a string around 'em and come back and pick, just those plants for next year's season. The company grows peppers on 20 acres of Avery Island - not to produce sauce, but to produce seeds, which are sent to farmers abroad. Harold Osborn: It's essentially an heirloom plant. It's essentially the original stock. Sanjay Gupta: So you're saying these peppers are-- are genetically the same as the ones that-- Harold Osborn: As-- Sanjay Gupta: --the original peppers? Harold Osborn: As far as we know, yes. We've never modified them. Sanjay Gupta: These peppers are hand-picked. Why not use a machine or some sort of automation to make that easier? Harold Osborn: We don't want to change the plant. That's the way most-- like, in the cucumber world, or potatoes or anything else you modify the plant to work for a harvester. Every time you breed something you give away something and taste is always the first thing that gets cast away. Key to the taste of the sauce are the seeds - and they're irreplaceable. Harold Osborn: We have a vault in our office. Sanjay Gupta: A vault? Harold Osborn: --a vault. We keep them-- Sanjay Gupta: You keep seeds in the vault? Harold Osborn: Keep seeds in the vault. Farmers in Latin America and Africa use those seeds to grow 10 million pounds of peppers. They mix them with salt, grind them and ship the mash back to Avery Island, where it's aged in oak barrels that were once used by the finest whiskey makers in the country. The barrels do have to be modified, though. In particular: the metal hoops. Coy Boutte: We'll have to put stainless steel on 'em. Sanjay Gupta: Why? Coy Boutte: The acidity of the peppers. Sanjay Gupta: The peppers could eat through the steel that's down there in the first place? Coy Boutte: Correct. Coy Boutte is in charge of the warehouse. He's also a fourth generation Tabasco employee, something that's pretty common around here. Coy Boutte: My grandfather, he ran our processing department. My mom works in our HR Department. And my dad runs our maintenance shop. Sanjay Gupta: How big a part of your life would you say Tabasco is? Coy Boutte: It's my whole life. I was born and raised here. Sanjay Gupta: Do you eat Tabasco every day? Coy Boutte: I eat Tabasco every day - morning, lunch and supper. As the mash slumbers for three years, spider webs grow on the 60,000 barrel inventory. Sanjay Gupta: The last time I saw this many barrels is usually a place like a winery. Tony Simmons: We think about our process similar to the way, I think, a winemaker would think about his process. Once Simmons approves the mash, it moves on, to the next pungent stage. Tony Simmons: We add vinegar to fill the tank and then we mix it and stir it for up to about 28 days. Sanjay Gupta: Takes your breath away-- Sanjay Gupta: Do you ever-- do you ever get used to it? Tony Simmons: I don't know if you can get used to it but it doesn't affect ya quite as much if you-- Sanjay Gupta: After awhile? Tony Simmons: After awhile. The sauce is then strained and bottled. The company's 200-person workforce can produce more than 700,000 bottles a day. Sanjay Gupta: This is a big product around the world. I mean, how big are we talking about? Tony Simmons: We are currently shipping to 166 countries. Sanjay Gupta: Do you want to be in every country in the world? Tony Simmons: Well, yes, we do. Meanwhile the hot sauce industry in the U.S. is on fire with revenue of more than a billion dollars. Eating spicy food has risen in popularity. It's even become a competitive sport. [Chili Head Festival: You got hotter? This'll be a 20 minute burn.] As can be seen at this chili festival near Dallas... [Chili Head Festival: That's hot.] Lately, Tabasco, the grandfather of condiments, is trying to keep pace with these brash, new rivals. Charlie Chang, Tabasco's secret weapon Tony Simmons: The market itself has been growing. And the more people that come into this category, we think the better it is. Because if you begin to use hot sauce, we think sooner or later, you're gonna find Tabasco. And when you do, we're gonna get you. Sanjay Gupta: You're gonna hook 'em. Tony Simmons: We're gonna hook 'em. Avery Island is located in hurricane country -- making Tabasco very vulnerable. In 2005, Hurricane Rita caused massive flooding. Sanjay Gupta: How at risk was Tabasco? Tony Simmons: We had four inches before water would've come into a food plant. And you can imagine, we would've been shut down for months and months. Sanjay Gupta: That's very close to being on the edge. Tony Simmons: It's the only place in the world we make Tabasco. In order for the family to protect Tabasco, they must first protect Avery Island. Fighting the erosion of Louisiana's picturesque bayous is a constant challenge for Took Osborn. Harold Osborn: Some of the problems that we have are saltwater intrusion. If you bring direct sea salt in it'll kill all this grass. Without the grass, the area's biodiversity will also disappear. So the company has a program to replant new grass. Harold Osborn: It's an indigenous grass. It's very inexpensive to do. It's very effective. It grows fast. What you see here, this grass will start spreading out by the roots. And it stops the sediment that's floating by. And the sediment drops out, and builds marsh. In just a few years, this will turn into this... As much as they like to talk about their conservation efforts, the family also leases their land for oil and gas drilling, as well as, salt mining. Sanjay Gupta: Those two things seem at odds with one another. Harold Osborn: No, 'cause we use those resources, to actually help the parts of the land where the oil isn't. Sanjay Gupta: How does that benefit Avery Island and Tabasco? Harold Osborn: All this land protects the island, protects it from storms-- protects it from erosion. And it's part of our heritage. That heritage includes unique Cajun musical and culinary traditions that the McIlhenny family cherishes. [Tony Simmons: If you work on the leg to get some of that nice crab meat...yeah.] And at the heart of Cajun cuisine is Cajun ketchup. Sanjay Gupta: Could you do what you've done here with Tabasco someplace other than Avery Island? Tony Simmons: I think we could make Tabasco but I'm not sure that the joy would be anywhere near as great if it wasn't being done where it is. They are fiercely protective of their island, their business and their sauce, which has been trademarked since 1906. Sanjay Gupta: Now that I've been here for a couple of days, I sort of feel like I got the formula for this Tabasco down. And if I wanted to go out and create Sanjay's Tabasco Sauce, what would happen to me? Tony Simmons: If you called it Sanjay's Tabasco Sauce, you'd get a cease and desist letter from us pretty quickly saying that you can't use the word "Tabasco" in that context. You could call it Sanjay's Hot Sauce made with tabasco peppers. But you couldn't call it Sanjay's Tabasco Sauce. Sanjay Gupta: How far would you guys go to enforce that? Tony Simmons: We'll go to court with you. Absolutely. Sanjay Gupta: There will be no other Tabasco sauces out there? Tony Simmons: No. Sanjay Gupta: There have been rumors that there have been offers for purchase of Tabasco. People that offer a billion dollars, maybe even more. Is there any amount of money that would make this company for sale? Tony Simmons: The shareholders of the company would have to decide what they want to do. Sanjay Gupta: And they say, "Mr. CEO, what's your recommendation?" Tony Simmons: You know, I like owning a family business. Recent Segments Chef Massimo Bottura: The Pavarotti of pasta How advanced is AI today? Author John Green: The "60 Minutes" interview Recreating the Ice Age to fight climate change Spreading capital to Middle America

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

WARP AND WEFT "I pArtIculArly lovE ThE sToRiEs bEhind TExTilEs — they're Not just beAutIful objects, they're hisToRy. We cAN lEARn so much About culTuREs just by sTudying ThEiR TExTilEs." — Carol Piper By ReBecca SheRman. PhOTOGRaPhy ana hOP. T he small textiles studio tucked away inside carol Piper Rugs is often where designers head first when they want to be inspired, says Sanaa Sahi, who assembles the collection of rare and unusual textiles with showroom owner carol Piper. Shelves overflow with vintage and antique fabric remnants and pillows, which are a joy to rifle through. "We encourage people to be tactile, to come in and play, pick up a fabric and have fun imagining how to use it in a project," Sahi says. With people rifling through more than 1,000 fabrics, things get jumbled fast, but the dig and hunt is part of the fun. Inventory includes heavy Japanese meisen silk from the mid-20th century, vintage american quilts, 17th-century european tapestries, vintage Pierre cardin screen-printed fabrics from Robert altman's estate, chinese wedding blankets, Kuba cloths from africa, and ancient Ikat fabrics from asia, africa, and South america. For Piper, who studied weaving at camden art Institute in London, textiles have long been a passion. "I particularly love the stories behind textiles — they're not just beautiful objects, they're history. We can learn so much about cultures just by studying their textiles." One of the oldest acquisitions at the studio includes a piece of 17th-century cloth from nigeria, featuring the type of embroidery influenced by Spanish missionaries living in the country hundreds of years ago. But not everything is precious or valuable. "We try to get special things that designers can use in their projects," Piper says, "But we also buy things that are charming and not necessarily valuable." Both Piper and Sahi do the buying, foraging for rarities at textile fairs and specialty flea markets throughout the U.S. and abroad. Sahi's background in Oriental and african studies from the University of London comes in handy, she says, when tracing the history of textiles to purchase. They also cultivate relationships with dealers, including one in new york known for buying textiles from museums selling off their collections. not too long ago, Piper and Sahi spotted a man selling textiles in a corner of a flea market in Los angeles. The collection was outstanding, and after some discussion he invited them to his house to see his private collection. "he travels the world, and he had textiles stacked up in his living room and piled up in the garage," Piper recalls. "We dug underneath the stacks and found so many treasures. We buy from people like that; we're always heading to the back of warehouses and digging, because that's where the good stuff is." Carol Piper Rugs' textile studio, 1809 W. Gray, 713.524.2442, carolpiperrugs.com. Carol Piper, Sanaa Sahi 70 http://carolpiperrugs.com

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We are delighted to offer a valeting service to our customers to enhance the look and protection of your vehicle. Our specially trained valeter will ensure close attention to detail on both the interior and exterior, using high quality Autoglym products to keep your car looking as new as possible. We are proud retailers of Autoglym products and are confident in the knowledge that your car has been prepared using the finest products in the world. We offer a variety of valet options ranging from interior only to full protection of your vehicle, please see our Price List below for more details.

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Die Medaille Jan Žižka von Trocnov, benannt nach dem bedeutendsten Heerführer der Hussiten Jan Žižka von Trocnov (um 1360–1424), wurde per Dekret Nr. 21 vom 22. Oktober 1918 durch den Tschechoslowakischen Nationalrat gestiftet und war zur Verleihung an Militärpersonen vorgesehen, die sich durch hervorragende und tapfere Taten während des Ersten Weltkriegs ausgezeichnet hatten. Soldaten der alliierten Truppen sowie Nichtkombattanten konnten ebenso beliehen werden, solange die Verleihungskriterien erfüllt wurden. Klassen Die Medaille besteht aus drei Klassen und diese wurden durch kleine Sterne auf dem Band kenntlich gemacht. I. Klasse mit zwei Sternen II. Klasse mit einem Stern III. Klasse Aussehen Die runde aus Kupfer gefertigte Medaille zeigt das nach rechts gewendete Porträt von Jan Žižka mit Pelzmütze. Das rechte Auge ist von einer Klappe verdeckt. Auf der Rückseite sind ein Linden- (rechts) und ein Lorbeerzweig (links) zu sehen, über denen die zweizeilige Inschrift ZA SVOBODU (Für die Freiheit) zu lesen ist. Umlaufend ČESKOSLOVENSKÉ VOJSKO (Tschechoslowakisches Heer) sowie im unteren Halbrund eine freie Stelle, an der die Verleihungsnummer eingestanzt wurde. Trageweise Die Medaille wurde an einem roten Band mit schwarzen Seitenstreifen auf der linken Brust getragen. Nichtkombattanten, die ausschließlich mit der III. Klasse ausgezeichnet wurden, erhielten die Medaille an einem roten Band mit einem weißen Seitenstreifen. Literatur Kurt-Gerhard Klietmann: Ordenskunde – Beiträge zur Geschichte der Auszeichnungen. Nr. 10. Die Ordens-Sammlung, Berlin 1959. Orden und Ehrenzeichen (Tschechoslowakei)

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaWikipedia'}

package io.mewbase; import io.mewbase.client.Client; import io.mewbase.client.ClientOptions; import io.mewbase.server.Server; import io.mewbase.server.ServerOptions; import io.mewbase.util.AsyncResCF; import io.vertx.core.Vertx; import io.vertx.ext.unit.TestContext; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import java.io.File; /** * Created by tim on 01/01/17. */ public class ServerTestBase extends MewbaseTestBase { protected static final String TEST_CHANNEL_1 = "channel1"; protected static final String TEST_CHANNEL_2 = "channel2"; protected static final String TEST_BINDER1 = "binder1"; protected static final String TEST_BINDER2 = "binder2"; protected Vertx vertx; protected Server server; protected Client client; protected File logsDir; protected File docsDir; @Before public void before(TestContext context) throws Exception { setup(context); } @After public void after(TestContext context) throws Exception { tearDown(context); } protected void setup(TestContext context) throws Exception { vertx = Vertx.vertx(); setup0(); } protected void tearDown(TestContext context) throws Exception { stopServerAndClient(); AsyncResCF<Void> cf = new AsyncResCF<>(); vertx.close(cf); cf.get(); } protected void setup0() throws Exception { createDirectories(); startServerAndClient(); setupChannelsAndBinders(); } protected void createDirectories() throws Exception { logsDir = testFolder.newFolder(); docsDir = testFolder.newFolder(); } protected void startServerAndClient() throws Exception { startServer(); startClient(); } protected void startServer() throws Exception { ServerOptions serverOptions = createServerOptions(); server = Server.newServer(vertx, serverOptions); server.start().get(); } protected void startClient() throws Exception { ClientOptions clientOptions = createClientOptions(); client = Client.newClient(vertx, clientOptions); } protected void stopServerAndClient() throws Exception { if (client != null && server != null) { client.close().thenCompose( f -> server.stop()).get(); } else { if (client != null) { client.close().get(); } if (server != null) { server.stop().get(); } } } protected void restart() throws Exception { boolean hasClient = client != null; stopServerAndClient(); startServer(); if (hasClient) { startClient(); } setupChannelsAndBinders(); } protected ServerOptions createServerOptions() { return new ServerOptions() .setLogsDir(logsDir.getPath()) .setDocsDir(docsDir.getPath()); } protected ClientOptions createClientOptions() { return new ClientOptions(); } protected void setupChannelsAndBinders() throws Exception { } }

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Mobility Hub Newsletter: June 11, 2020 By Israel RamirezJune 11, 2020Autonomous Vehicles, Bikesharing, Carsharing, MOD Learning Center, Newsletter, RFPs, Ridehailing, Ridesharing, Ridesourcing, Scootersharing, Shared-Use Mobility, Street Space, Transit Welcome to the Shared-Use Mobility Center's weekly guide to the most impactful news, thought-provoking articles and innovative technologies that are shaping our transportation future. We believe in sharing information, just like sharing cars, bikes, and scooters, so if there's anything additional you'd like to see, just drop us a line. SUMC News and Announcements New on the Learning Center: COVID-19 AND MOBILITY RESOURCE HOMEPAGE In the last few months, the Shared-Use Mobility Center MOD Learning Center has released a series of case studies that examine how cities and transportation sectors have been impacted by the virus. Today we're announcing the launch of the COVID-19 and Mobility Resource Homepage to guide cities, transit agencies, and shared mobility operators, as they make decisions moving out of the pandemic. Series of Three COVID-19 and Mobility Case Study Status Updates Case Study on Pop-Up Mobility Paths & Open Streets due to COVID-19 Crisis External Resources from Federal Transit Administration, as well as Best Practices and City Guides, and Trackers Detailing City Responses to COVID-19 Visit the COVID-19 and Mobility Resource Homepage Thank you for the overwhelming interest in Clean Mobility Options Funds for the California Clean Mobility Options (CMO) Community Transportation Needs Assessment Vouchers have been exhausted. On June 1, the CMO Program Administrator began accepting applications from disadvantaged communities for $50,000 grants to engage residents around transportation challenges and inequities, to be awarded on a first-come, first-serve basis. As of June 2, the $1 million available in this window has been fully subscribed, and more than 20 communities will be receiving funds shortly. You can still apply for CMO Mobility Project Vouchers to implement zero-emission transit and shared mobility options in underserved California communities when the application period opens—tentatively scheduled for November 2020. To access technical assistance to develop your Mobility Project Voucher application, please complete this form. For other questions about the program, email info@cleanmobilityoptions.org. The Clean Mobility Options program is administered by the Shared-Use Mobility Center and CALSTART in partnership with GRID Alternatives and the Local Government Commission. The program is supported by the California Air Resources Board with funding from California Climate Investments. 'Quick build' projects that aim to boost walkability, open public spaces, and promote cycling can do more harm than good in disenfranchised communities—if the local public isn't engaged from the start and their feedback taken into account. The Black Urbanist Founder and Editor in Chief Kristen Jeffers sits down with Streetsblog to discuss how the built environment in cities can fail to address racial and rural equity and what the term "urbanist" means in the reclamation of public space. "Just having a bike lane or a sidewalk is not enough to guarantee the safety of a Black person in our community," said Caila Brown, executive director of Bike Walk Savannah. Read how mobility justice goes hand in hand with racial justice on Connect Savannah. A diversity statement isn't enough, say BICPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) leaders as they push for stronger anti-racist action in the transportation landscape and in their communities. Ridehailing/Carsharing/Carpooling As most business and public spaces are opening up in China as the country recovers from the coronavirus outbreak, mobility giant Didi Chuxing is seeing ridehailing trips this month hit last year's pre-pandemic levels. Uber, on the other hand, is only seeing minimal increases in ridehailing trips with business still down 70% from last year, only a slight improvement from its low point during the pandemic. Facebook and Paypal have invested undisclosed amounts to Indonesian ridehailing and mobility company Gojek as the Southeast Asian region shows promising growth for digital services and on-demand platforms. Singaporean carsharing outfit Smove, one of the major players in the country, is shutting down its service with strained financial trouble being the culprit. Bikesharing and Micromobility Micromobility company Superpedestrian is launching an EV dockless scooter service called Link after acquiring "substantially all of the assets" of bikeshare company Zagster, spelling the essential end of Zagster's mark in the mobility space. A message for cities that have temporarily shuttered bikeshare (and micromobility) services: two wheels aren't tools for violence, they are integral transportation options for healthcare workers and essential employees. Detroit's MoGo bikeshare has expanded into the northwest area of the city and southern Oakland County with 31 stations and 140 bikes, nearly doubling the system. Toronto announced that it will be expanding its bikeshare system with 1,850 new bikes and 160 new stations (expanding the network area to about 200 square km) to give residents safer and more sustainable ways of getting around. If transit access can't get people who live in far-flung suburbs or more rural areas to jobs, then it isn't regionally equitable. Crain's Chicago tells the story of Amorita Falcon and her experience commuting for four hours, round trip, to her job downtown using the bus. It's no surprise that public transit is still facing worldwide challenges addressing ridership declines and health safety protocols while functioning as essential transportation for workers. Digital Trends looks at what agencies can do to weather the uncertain future of a post-COVID mobility environment. New Jersey Transit has a new five-year capital plan, to the tune of around $6 billion, and a 10-year strategic plan to give public transportation a large boost in funding to address train and bus reliability and safety. As the city moves into a phased reopening, New York commuters are dipping their toes into riding mass transit again with the MTA taking extra precautions to ensure that sanitation and social distancing are a top priority for public health. The ACLU has filed a suit against the City of Los Angeles over the Department of Transportation's Mobility Data Specification platform, accusing the city's collection of data around EV scooter-sharing services as being unconstitutional. Google Maps has new features, available in the US and in several countries around the world, that give travelers information about COVID-19 travel restrictions, health safety checkpoints, and transit updates that include any safety precautions such as mask requirements. The bastion of an autonomous future predicts a world where vehicle crashes are essentially nonexistent, but researchers from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety believe that, after examining 5,000+ police-reported crashes, hitting the ultimate zero fatality rate isn't such a straightforward approach. Even though the pandemic has ground many transportation industry projects to a halt, the New York MTA announced that it will complete installation of the new, contactless, OMNY fare payment system at all subway stations and buses by the end of the year. With retail, manufacturing, and travel down across the board due to the ongoing pandemic, GHG emissions in the US are set to see a 14% decrease compared to last year, according to data from the Energy Information Administration. What can cities, planners, and developers do to make sure communities have access to affordable living options while receiving the benefits of having access to public transit options for better job and amenity connection? Equitable transit-oriented development (or eTOD for short) could hold the answer. When the pandemic hit cities across the US, planners and engineers had to make tough decisions on how transportation and traffic networks could be reimagined to create a more resilient system. Now, cities are reworking street design, traffic-calming measures, and infrastructure needs to keep people moving safely while shooting for broader sustainability goals. Boston-based energy company Enel X has expanded its EV charging network throughout Europe to 30,000+ public charging points, nearly tripling the system, as part of a new collaboration with Allego, Bosch and Innogy. Requests for Proposals, Inquiries, and Information RFP: Request for Proposals for Paratransit Services Green Mountain Transit Authority St. Albans, VT Email Matt Kimball for RFP at mkimball@ridegmt.com RFI: Transit Technology Assistance Oregon Department of Transportation Deadline: July 1, 2020 RFP: Paratransit and Flex Route Services City of DeKalb DeKalb, IA Deadline: July 16, 2020 Did someone forward this to you? Sign up for our newsletter here. Share the Mobility Hub: Climate ChangeEquityNewsPressPress ReleaseShared-Use Mobility New Shared Mobility Network Announces Visionary 2030 Goals Macey Miner New 2023 National Shared Mobility Summit Speaker Alert Samantha Herr has been @go_nabsa's Executive Director sinc… https://t.co/VlYIU99hhT, 14 hours ago The United States has a unique opportunity to help with the climate crisis in 2023. Senior Vox writer Rebecca Leber… https://t.co/sPzmafftVS, Jan 26 Berlin now has a new way to get travelers around the German capital with less reliance on privately-owned vehicles.… https://t.co/M30PPo03LV, Jan 26

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

There are many contrasts between healthy and unhealthy relationships. There is no need to hide or to try to fool the other. The best memories you have together are the times you showed each other how much you love and cherish the other, without needing to be prompted by a special event (like a birthday, Valentine's Day or the holidays). Those are the days that you'll think upon fondly and know, without a doubt, your partner truly, deeply loves you. If you do not protect yourself, after all, you will be violated, robbed of your identity, controlled, or smothered. Honesty must be at the core of a relationship; there is no substitute for it. The dynamics of defensiveness lead to death rather than to life and growth. It is fashionable in our day to paper over unpleasant truth. Addiction maintains a secret life marked by fear and control. Communication is so important in a relationship, and that idea is nothing new. However, how people communicate with one another is a major factor in a couple's success. Here are the secrets couples should know to mature their relationships past the "allurmance" stage and establish healthy relationship patterns: According to Dr.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

Book Online or Call Now: UK | North: 0161 408 9552 or South: 0203 286 5257 Sign in or Create an Account No Bookings in Your cart 24 Hours 7 days a week FREE INSTANT QUOTE Did you know we aim to BEAT any of your quotes? Call us on 02032865257 to discuss further. Or enter in your email address so we can contact you Please confirm you're human GET INSTANT QUOTE MINIBUS AND COACH HIRE WITH DRIVER IN 60 SECONDS PICK ME UP FROM ONE WAY RETURN WAY --Select event-- Goodwood July -Aug Epsom June July Epsom Other Goodwood Races Other Grand National April Aintree Other Chester Races May Chester Races Other Royal Ascot June Ascot Other Chelternam March Chelternam Other York Races August York Races Other Newbury Races Newmarket Races July Races Scotland Silverstone Circuit Other Race Events V Festival Chelmsford August V Festival Western Park August Tea In Park July Leeds Festival Bramham Park Creamfields August Glastonbury Royal Regatta July Milton Keynes Bowl Highland Park Festival Heaton Park - Park Life June Other Festivals Airport Transfers Others Gatwick Heathrow Stansted Airport All Cup Finals Football Other Wembley Finals Cup/Rugby Birthdays Business Trips Day Trips Same Day Funeral Nights Out School Proms Weddings Other New Years Eve/New Years Day 2018/19 Christmas Day Travel LEAVING ON (DATE) LEAVING ON (TIME) 00:00 AM00:15 AM00:30 AM00:45 AM01:00 AM01:15 AM01:30 AM01:45 AM02:00 AM02:15 AM02:30 AM02:45 AM03:00 AM03:15 AM03:30 AM03:45 AM04:00 AM04:15 AM04:30 AM04:45 AM05:00 AM05:15 AM05:30 AM05:45 AM06:00 AM06:15 AM06:30 AM06:45 AM07:00 AM07:15 AM07:30 AM07:45 AM08:00 AM08:15 AM08:30 AM08:45 AM09:00 AM09:15 AM09:30 AM09:45 AM10:00 AM10:15 AM10:30 AM10:45 AM11:00 AM11:15 AM11:30 AM11:45 AM12:00 PM12:15 PM12:30 PM12:45 PM13:00 PM13:15 PM13:30 PM13:45 PM14:00 PM14:15 PM14:30 PM14:45 PM15:00 PM15:15 PM15:30 PM15:45 PM16:00 PM16:15 PM16:30 PM16:45 PM17:00 PM17:15 PM17:30 PM17:45 PM18:00 PM18:15 PM18:30 PM18:45 PM19:00 PM19:15 PM19:30 PM19:45 PM20:00 PM20:15 PM20:30 PM20:45 PM21:00 PM21:15 PM21:30 PM21:45 PM22:00 PM22:15 PM22:30 PM22:45 PM23:00 PM23:15 PM23:30 PM23:45 PM Return ON (DATE) Return ON (TIME) Select Suitcase Small Medium Large Select Passengers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 COMPLICATED JOURNEY? CLICK HERE GET YOUR QUICK COACHES & MINI BUS HIRE QUOTE TODAY! Fetching best prices for Minibus and Coach Hire with driver ! Thank you for your patience -Highgate Coach Hire- Highgate Minibus with Driver Highgate Minibus is part of the national minibus hire firm and we can provide a streamlined cheap minibus and cheap coach hire service across all parts of Highgate. We can provide you with 8, 10, 12, 16, 33 � 36 and 49 seater minibuses. Highgate comes under the N6 post code area. Highgate is an area based in the London Borough of Camden and is located in north London. It is often considered a village and is very much conserved. Highgate used to be a hunting ground and today is an expensive region with good housing estates. Highgate Minibus Company has a customer service team who will work hard to help you find the right quote by carrying out a balanced search. The main factors they will consider will include safety, travelling time and luggage needs. Alternatively you can make an instant booking which can take less than a minute. Highgate Minibus Hire also has a friendly telephone team who shall offer advice and also help in ascertaining meeting points, distance and reference numbers. Our two main services come under the headings of Highgate Minibus Hire and also Highgate Coach Hire. In order to select the right vehicle we will check for features like TV, PA system, space, type of event and much more. N6 Minibus will cover all events and these will include training days out, bars, special events and museums. Book Online FREE INSTANT QUOTE Airport List Operator Registration Operator Registration No: 4504713 National Minibus Hire Manchester Trafford Plaza, Seymour Grove, Stretford, Manchester M16 0LD © 2018 Copyright National Mini Bus Hire. All rights reserved. |

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

Q: Pages orientation depending on condition im trying to change my document page orientation depending on conditions, but I dont know how this can be done. Reading the documentation didn't help much and couldn't find any examples. I set my document like this: <fo:layout-master-set> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="first-page" page-height="29.7cm" page-width="21.0cm" margin="1cm 2.1cm 0.8cm 2.1cm"> <fo:region-body region-name="xsl-region-body" margin-top="105px" margin-bottom="50px"/> <fo:region-before region-name="xsl-region-before-first" extent="5in"/> <fo:region-after region-name="xsl-region-after" extent="5in" display-align="after"/> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:simple-page-master master-name="other-page" page-height="21.0cm" page-width="29.7cm" margin="1cm 2.1cm 0.8cm 2.1cm"> <fo:region-body region-name="xsl-region-body" margin-top="105px" margin-bottom="50px"/> <fo:region-before region-name="xsl-region-before-other" extent="5in"/> <fo:region-after region-name="xsl-region-after" extent="5in" display-align="after"/> </fo:simple-page-master> <fo:page-sequence-master master-name="pages"> <fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives> <fo:conditional-page-master-reference page-position="first" master-reference="first-page"/> <fo:conditional-page-master-reference page-position="only" master-reference="other-page"/> </fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives> </fo:page-sequence-master> </fo:layout-master-set> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="pages"> <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before-first"> ... </fo:static-content> <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before-first"> ... </fo:static-content> <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before-first"> ... </fo:static-content> <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body"> ... </fo:flow> This is generating a first vertical page first, and then all the rest are horizontal pages. These horizontal pages are being generated in a for-each loop. What I would like to do is that after a specific page-before="break" which could be in any position, I could change the layout of the following page depending on the data of the for-each items. Edit: Im using xmlns:fo version 2.0 My exact document should look like this: * *First page (working fine) *X pages: LANDSCAPE VIEW, generated using a for-each loop overe itemsA (working fine) *Y pages: PORTRAIT VIEW, generated using a for-each loop overe itemsB (this is what i dont know how to do, how to change from landscape to portrait) <xsl:for-each select="itemsA"> ...printed stuff... </xsl:for-each> <fo:block break-before="page"> <xsl:for-each select="itemsB"> ...printed stuff... </xsl:for-each> A: * *Make a separate fo:page-sequence-master (or fo:simple-page-master if there's no variation between left/right pages, etc.). *Move your fo:page-sequence-master to within each xsl:for-each, with the fo:page-sequence-master referring to the appropriate fo:page-sequence-master (or `fo:simple-page-master). I.e.: <xsl:for-each select="itemsA"> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="landscape"> ...printed stuff... </fo:page-sequence> </xsl:for-each> <xsl:for-each select="itemsB"> <fo:page-sequence master-reference="portrait"> ...printed stuff... </fo:page-sequence> </xsl:for-each> You would not need the <fo:block break-before="page"> because the fo:page-sequence always generates a new page sequence.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaStackExchange'}

* @@@ The idea is to get input to trigger hovering over the pop-up. * already be outside the pop-up. * layout calculation and create the AoI immediately. * that will be outside the pop-up. * sure if it's worth the trouble, though. * rather weird-looking results at deep zoom levels. * is not appreciated by all users. * -> hover_d -> hover_glabel -> input_update -> etc.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

// Copyright (c) 2017 Jan Pluskal // //Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); //you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. //You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // //Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software //distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, //WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. //See the License for the specific language governing permissions and //limitations under the License. using Netfox.AppIdent.Features.Bases; using Netfox.Core.Enums; using Netfox.Framework.Models; namespace Netfox.AppIdent.Features { public class ThirdQuartileInterArrivalTimePacketsUp : ThirdQuartileInterArrivalTimePacketsBase { public ThirdQuartileInterArrivalTimePacketsUp() { } public ThirdQuartileInterArrivalTimePacketsUp(L7Conversation l7Conversation) : base(l7Conversation, DaRFlowDirection.up) { } public ThirdQuartileInterArrivalTimePacketsUp(double featureValue) : base(featureValue) { } } }

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'}

Qingbai porcelain lobed vase China, Song dynasty, 960 – 1279 Height: 4 7/8 inches, 12.4 cm Width: 2 3/8 inches, 6 cm A porcelain vase of baluster shape, the lobed sides rising upwards from a splayed, petal shaped base, curving in towards the shoulder and surmounted by a flaring neck with a lobed rim. The vase is covered in a pale bluish glaze, which pools in the grooves to an aquamarine tone. The base is unglazed, exposing the white porcelain body underneath and has some characteristic firing marks. This elegant vase is a fine example of Song qingbai ware, both for its simplicity in shape and its well-proportioned body. The earliest ceramics identified as qingbai ware were produced in the late 10th century at Jingdezhen (also known as Raozhou) in Jiangxi province. Hutian was the main kiln site in Jingdezhen during the Song dynasty and produced the best of the pure white-bodied porcelains covered with a transparent, icy blue-tinged glaze. The distinguished Southern Song (1127 – 1279) ceramic historian Jiang Qi praised qingbai wares and recorded their popularity contemporaneously known as Raoyu, 'jade of Raozhou'.1 A closely comparable Song qingbai porcelain vase with similar lobed body and rim, excavated from Hutian kiln at Jingdezheng in 1966, is now in the collection of the Jingdezheng Porcelain Museum.2 Some similar examples, of comparable shape and style, all dated to the Song dynasty, are respectively in the collections of the British Museum,3 the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge,4 the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco,5 and the Jianxi Provincial History and Ancient Ceramics Committee.6 Pierson, S. ed. Qingbai Ware: Chinese Porcelain of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, London, 2002, pp. 6-7, 16 Zhongguo Taoci Quanji (The Complete Works of Chinese Ceramics), vol. 8, Song dynasty II, Shanghai renmin meishu chubanshe, Shanghai, no. 131, pp. 166, 280 The British Museum online collection archive, registration number: PDF, A.496 The Fitzwilliam Museum online collection archive, object number: C.63-1992 Li, He, Chinese Ceramics- The New Standard Guide, The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Thames and Hudson, London, 1996, no. 295, p. 162 Qingbaici Jingpin Jianshang (Appreciate Fine Works of Qingbai Ceramics), Jianxi Meishu chubanshe, Nanchang, 2012, p. 79 Longquan stoneware jar →← Stone box of ruyi head form

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

How to Restore/Replace WordPress Versions? Recently WordPress released the latest version with the updated editor and UI which looks similar to the free WordPress blog interface. So as the people were very familiar with the old interface, a sudden change will consume more time to publish a post and it increases their TAT. So such update is not welcomed by most of the blog writers. What Is VPS Hosting & Why Your Business Website Needs It? SSL is known as the secured socket layer which when installed on the web server will protect the communication that is happening between the user's system and the web server. SSL integration for the website is the must. Google also warned all the website owners to upgrade to the SSL within July. Business Email Id will help the Email Reciever to know about You and Your Business as well. Everyone in an Office will be following the Same Business Email Address with their Names in the prefix. It helps a lot in Branding your Business.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

At Casino. Org we have a huge amount of experience in the online gambling industry. Our review team has played for blackjack online game usa casino slots online real money at a huge number of online casinos.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

I knew I would wake up to a fantastic birthday today. Here we are, boxes surrounding us, a mess to sort through, but we are back in "our hometown." It isn't where we grew up, but it is where my husband and I began to build our lives together. It is also the birthplace of Go Dairy Free. I mentioned the move in a prior post, so I won't get all sappy now … but we moved back just two days ago, so it in itself is like a birthday present for me. The e-books contain a dozen deliciously sweet and unique recipes (baker's dozen in A La Mode) accompanied by professional full color photos. If you already have these e-cookbooks, you can win them for a friend or loved one … I am happy to accomodate! To Enter (2nd entry): Spread the word about this giveaway and leave a second comment letting me know where you passed on the message (facebook, twitter, your blog, email to friends, etc.). If you are ineligible for the 1st entry, this is your opportunity. Entries will close at noon on Tuesday, October 6th, so hurry up! So tell me, where in the world do I live? I'm going to say Lake Tahoe.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

"The longer it stays in the Thames estuary then it will become more of a concern", he told BBC radio. They are also a social species, so to see one by itself in the Thames is "concerning", Lott said. The British Divers Marine Life Rescue, which helps with rescues of stranded cetaceans and other marine animals, said they were sending their area coordinator down to the river to monitor the situation. The whale spotted in the Thames was clearly a mature beluga whale, and possibly a female or a younger whale due to its size, Babey said. "Can't believe I'm writing this, no joke - BELUGA in the Thames off Coalhouse Fort", ecologist Dave Andrews wrote on Twitter. "There have only been around 20 sightings of beluga whales off the United Kingdom coast previously, but these have occurred off Northumberland, Northern Ireland and Scotland". Among the theories of how the beluga whale ended up in the Thames is that it followed a shoal of fish into the waterway. "We do have quite a lot of plastic bags, which could be quite an issue", she said. The new stadium will also bring us in 150 million euros per season. It's normal that there's pressure at Real Madrid ". "We are not going to the United States.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

The easiest way would be to ask #support at Discord. The guys answering there have done more tests and know more than I do especially when it's about various setups. You can start your private server with [SteamPath]\Eco\Eco_Data\Server\EcoServer.exe, too. When you start Eco that's what happens when you create or join your own private world in background. To change your Configs you can do that or use Chat >> /openserverui where you can change various settings. Unless you wanna play with all the settings and try to learn by doing I suggest to ask in #server as you'll probably get a fast and precise answer. "Failed to parse IP adress for listen server" Purchased but wasn't logged in. How do i find that new server? I have one marked fav. It has been offline for probably a day. Last time i logged in it had reverted itself approx 4 or 5 days. Erasing a lot of hard work. OMG lol I didn't even think about the hammer!!! Thank you so much!!! @NoBlackThunder about point 2, ish.. I wasn't referring to Eco for sure for those aspects, or I wouldn't be here in the first place. :P And I would've definitely avoided buying the Dev Tier if I thought so. I double Black's last statement, we'll be here and hopefully Zekkiyou and others like you will be able to join us at some point when they have the chance.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

/** * A collection of utilities for performing common tasks necessary to Stork's * functionality. Many utilities are being moved out into other packages, and * so this package may be removed in the future. */ package stork.util;

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaGithub'}

Staying quiet for the Day of Silence – Knight Life Staying quiet for the Day of Silence Photo by Karylle Hillard By RayKisha Vaughn The Gay Straight Alliance is a club at Loy Norrix High School. It is a club that reaches out to those individuals that may have been harassed and even bullied by their peers and are hiding their identity because of that. Members of the club are supporters for those who want to eliminate this discrimination. Social Studies teacher Art Williams is the faculty advisor for the Gay Straight Alliance. The Day of Silence is a very important day especially for high school. It is a way to show your support without having to speak out, and it's also a chance to show support in a harmless way and at the same time showing your support for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender students [LGBT community]. The concept is to show support without hurting anyone's feelings. The Day of Silence took place on April, 22, 2011; it is a national event. The main thing is you don't have to be gay to support The Day of Silence. It is for anyone. "As a G.S.A adviser, I strongly support the Day of Silence. The reason I support it is because I see gay or lesbian students struggle in high school," said Williams. Many people struggle in silence. That's the whole point of the Day of Silence. It is students way to show support to the LGBT community. Junior Jessica Allen who is a proud member of the Gay Straight Alliance had a few things to say about everything that has been happening especially during the Day of Silence. She feels that the whole Day of Silence is a good tribute to those of the LGBT community and that it's a day of acknowledgement for the people who participate. "I am happy to say that I've been part of the Gay Straight Alliance, and I participate every year," said Allen. The Day of Silence is a great way to show how many people have been affected by being bullied." Allen is a very proud member of the G.S.A at Loy Norrix who also participated in the Day of Silence. The Day of Silence is a day that is very hard for many people, especially those who are very social and friendly. The reason for the Day of Silence would be challenging to very social people is because their peers might have a big role in their high school career and even outside of school. Junior Mariah Isaac is one of the three main executives for the G.S.A board here at Loy Norrix High School, and she feels that the G.S.A club is a very safe place to just speak out about how members feel about certain issues and at the same time it creates an accepting environment for saying it and not being judged for what they believe. She also participates in the Day of Silence. "It's a very important especially for high school. It is a way to show support with out speaking out. You don't have to be gay to be apart of the G.S.A club," said Isaac. The Day of Silence is a national tradition. It's a repetition which represents the silence of staying in the closet. This is a day when LGBT and their supporters keep quiet as a form of speech during the whole day of school and then at the end of the day they all meet up at WMU and let out their screams.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

Pastor Adam concludes our series on spiritual warfare with discussion on angels. Pastor Adam discusses how Biblical confession forgives our sin and equips us to fight the enemy. Pastor Adam explains how corporate worship is a vital weapon in the arsenal of spiritual warfare. Elder Steven Anderson examines 2 Corinthians 10:3-5 and discusses the weapons of our warfare. Elder Steve Ferguson continues our series on spiritual warfare by examining the armor of God in Ephesians 6:10-18. Pastor Adam kicks off our new series on spiritual warfare by looking at how we can successfully fight spiritual attacks.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

Dragon Quest VIII: The Odyssey of the Cursed King – The Test Techno 19 January, 2017 Released in 2004 on PlayStation 2, Dragon Quest VIII signs its big return on 3DS. New heroes, new dungeons and new challenges … More than 12 years later, does the old King still have his place in 2017? In the country of the Japanese RPG, two big families clash since the dark age of consoles 8 Bits. Yes, you will say that you should not leave out the Mana, Chrono, Tales of, Kingdom Hearts, Xeno, Grandia, Persona, Arc, Y's, Fire Emblem … The list is too long. But in the 80s and 90s I said, two large families used to make the fans of each flag rise to the niche. All other series were generally accepted by all. As a plus. But the nerve of war was DraQue vs. Final . There were Dragon Quest fans on one side and Final Fantasy fans on the other . In France they have always been in a strong position thanks to a localization and a release of the 7th episode of the series in great pomp in the late 90s on PlayStation 1. In Japan, however, it was a little different . And Dragon Quest, was the king. The two series had much in common. A renowned designer, Hironobu Sakaguchi for Final and Yuji Horii for DQ; A talented illustrator, Yoshitaka Amano on one side and Akira Toriyama on the other; A composer of genius, Nobuo Uematsu or Koichi Sugiyama ; A kawaii mascot with Mog and the little Slimes … But they also shared important commonalities: Heroic Fantasy universes, immersive stories, charismatic heroes, and a fallen combat system today In oblivion (or almost), turn by turn . It's in the Old Pots … Dragon Quest VIII was released on PlayStation 2 in 2004. It is the first of the saga to have undergone a localization in France in 2006. It is this episode that Nintendo and Square Enix decided to adapt on 3DS in 2015 after a Portage on mobile. Two years later, he shows the end of his cartridge in our latitudes! And things have happened during this dozen years. The most important change, of course, is the almost total abandonment of turns, under the arguments of modernity. We will not enter into a sterile debate here, but only remember that this famous turn-based system is still claimed today by many players, and that, for example, Final Fantasy have lost their superb , both in term Sales and reception to the players and the press since this abandonment … As an example, and despite a lot of installed consoles far superior, the latest episodes are far from getting the ratings and sales of their predecessors … But This is another subject. Dragon Quest VIII, 3DS, DraQue, Toriyama, JRPG, Nintendo, Square Enix The 4 original Heroes are back King Trode has been transformed into a monster! Operation Dragon So it's a great classic that Square-Enix and Nintendo have decided to release on 3DS. Lovers of unrestrained action may not find themselves on familiar ground. Dragon Quest VIII is a worthy representative of the great J-RPGs of the Golden Age of the Japanese role-playing game , with all its classicism and charm; And this version milled for the Nintendo laptop, despite its additions and its modern elements slipped here and there, remains very (too?) Close to its original version. On the sidelines of the game system, the menus are in the minimalist and some mechanics smell a little naphthalene … Think about it. To use objects in battle, you must first go to a menu, distribute the objects you might need one by one to each character, in a common list that includes consumables and equipment, so that objects can be used by the after. We are very far from the large stock of items available on demand and on the fly. In the same vein, the game requires you to multiply the round-trip to the inns and churches, in order to recover your life or resurrect your heroes. However, for those who do not have a priori, the charm always operates, notably thanks to an atmosphere and a history always so engaging, without pretense or powder in the eyes, but only well conducted and well rhythmic . Imposing bosses come to play the spoils Double Dragons In terms of additions, there are two types of change. On the one hand, the pure and hard improvements, such as the new craft cauldron- alchimarmite- , better readability of skills trees, the possibility of accelerating the fighting, the suppression of random combats, a photo mode, StreetPass … And of the other real additions : two new playable characters, new dungeons, several new quests, an alternative end and very nice deepenings on the side of the scenario and the general background … As we have Seen, this version 2017 manages to surprise the fans of the first hour, eliminating for example the random combats . Now, the monsters evolve in flesh, scales and claws on the map, and in most cases you are able to dodge them or influence who you are going to face by choosing to throw you against such monster or To decamp in front of another. Beware, however, your leveling, which remains the heart of the evolution of your heroes, will suffer … The survival of your team will sometimes be the price of this strategic avoidance … It's up to you! The atmosphere is very warm The Final Quest The adaptation itself is most correct, even if the range of colors remains more screaming, and that some problems of displays will come to play you a few laps at certain times … Oh yes, and stop playing with the 3D switch Of your 3DS … It is not taken into account … But do not let us sulk our pleasure. The world of Dragon Quest remains a sure bet for the solitary adventurer. The general design imagined by Akira Toriyama – the Dragon Ball dad – remains very attractive. The scenario, simple indeed, is effective, dotted with colorful characters and turns of situation welcome. Count between forty and fifty hours to lift the curse of the Cursed King, his daughter and his Kingdom , to which are added the numerous auxiliary quests available after the end of the game. The Slimes! The Slimes! A rich and varied universe, down to the deepest dungeons Dragon Quest VIII: The Odyssey of the Cursed King is a demanding game against current standards . Some players accustomed to automatic backups and lifelong life could cringe at the proposed challenge, or feel baffled by an oldschool gaming system . Still, it remains as powerful. The magic of the trait of Toriyama, this special atmosphere and its charming characters will surely make capsize the hearts of millenials like those of their elders in their time. DraQue VIII is one of those titles that have marked the video game . It is a friend of childhood that we lost sight of that you add on Facebook. The 3DS has a new meter-standard in its already well-supplied RPG catalog. Whether the nostalgia of a real J-RPG 'old-fashioned' makes you look, or you want to try the genre, the misadventures of King Trode arise there. AT An attractive universe and endearing characters The end of random combats New Heroes New Quests and New Monsters An in-depth scenario Alternative end The new cauldron Accelerate Fighting Is Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals Certification Right for You? Talking about the most well-known Cloud computing platforms in the world, Microsoft Azure is one of the first names that comes to ... How You Can Maximise the Security of Your Office Both Inside and Out When you have your own office space, you will want to do as much as you can to keep it secure and protected and this is because you ... Bel Trading & Consulting Ltd offers a new modification of the system of protection against UAVs and drones Living in the modern world, we all understand how deeply UAVs and drones penetrated our everyday lives. Children play drones; we ... 6 Proofs to Tell if Building a Career Online is Really for You Like all every profession, there are certain people who are really meant for the job. And there are also various measures to gauge ... The Lowdown on Creating a Dating Website That Will Make You Money Love is in the air, and also all over the Internet. Why not take advantage? You see websites like eHarmony and Match.com, and even ... Alexa Voice – Advantages in Integration There's a good reason why the popularity of application development has risen considerably in recent years. After all, the technology ...

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

One. Gifts with Purchase: Lilly Pulitzer is offering gifts with purchase tomorrow in stores and online. This comes at a great time because they released a few new patterns earlier this week. Next pattern release - May 12. Two. Desert Style: Anything with desert style appeals to me at the moment (if you peek at my instagram you'd understand why!) so these new Tory Burch items were too cute not to share. Plus, Cinco de Mayo is next week as well. Three. Derby Hats: The Kentucky Derby is right around the corner and Marleylilly has some of the cutest monogram hats that are perfect for any Derby party but also the beach this summer. You can even add an a bow to it - sold. Five. Posts This Week: In case you're planning catch up today, We had a puppy filled weekend and our first BBQ of the season last weekend, I shared all about my love for flamingo pink (which a few people pointed out that there was a Flamingo Party on Southern Charm this week - I have not had time to watch yet but I can say, I definitely want a Flamingo party too now - maybe this summer!) and yesterday gave a little Cinco de Mayo inspiration to round out the week. 'Tis the season of flamingos (and pineapples) - I'm loving that these trends are sticking around for another year. Anything with a flamingo on it or in flamingo pink can quickly catch my eye - it makes for a great spring/summer addition to wardrobe, accessories, serving sets, etc. I love the items with the gold or clear flamingo because they are subtle, neutral and appeal more occasions and I also love the idea of the big float with cupholders for drinks (I heard last year those popular one cup cupholders didn't really work so I think this is a great alternative)! This was a weekend spent at home - relaxing, enjoying the spring weather and playing with puppies! Our friends from DC brought their new little puppy, Riley to visit and after a few growls and barks she and Stella became fast friends. Since we didn't want to leave the dogs for too long we had an afternoon BBQ and enjoyed the weather on the deck through the night before quickly heading out to grab a couple drinks. It's always such fun to reunite with our out of town friends. We started off the weekend with dinner and drinks Friday night with some friends and it was a delicious meal and great company. A great mail day - can't wait to dig into these reads. Other than the BBQ it was most of the usual - walks with Stella, sleeping in, laying low and finishing things off last night with some ice cream. Now that it's warmer out this is perfect to go over a sleep dress. Comfortable and a cute pattern works for me. Mother's Day is two weekends away and this is the perfect touch to any celebration or gift. Kate Spade and pineapple - sold. I don't think I'd wear this for anything other than a pool shoe but it would be the perfect option. Fall, spring, even some of winter - these lush tunics are the best and on sale is even better. The perfect purse color for spring. Tassels mixed with pineapples - two of my favorite trends. Love the color scheme also. My love for Lilly Pulitzer (the lady and the brand) is no secret. I just recently got this book to read on an upcoming trip (here) and cannot wait to dig into it. This is hands down one of my favorite shows. I love watching GMA during a workout/getting ready but I try my best to catch the "coffee talk" segment of Live before heading out the door to the office. (I usually DVR each day in case I miss it or want to see the guests that are on after I leave) so I was definitely hooked into the drama amongst the show this week. I love Kelly, I love Michael, I see both of their sides BUT I hope they make up AND I hope there's a great new co-host and the show keeps going strong (I also will keep watching Michael with my favorites at GMA - I'm also 100% Team Zee on DWTS). I was most definitely enjoying a blog break (will be a trend) this week but managed to get a couple posts out. We had the best time last weekend at Penn State's Blue/White game and I also shared about my favorite coffee table books. We've got some plans to see a few friends this weekend and the weather is suppose to be ideal spring weather so let's get this weekend started. I have to confess, I love when a celebrity jumps over to become an author as well. If one of the Hollywood ladies is writing a book, most likely I'm going to get it. This type of reading is my favorite for travel and I usually save it for whenever a trip is coming up - always an easy and fun read. There's been a lot of my favorite ladies writing books lately, now if only Reese Witherspoon would write about southern hospitality, we'd be all set. I recently ordered Kristin Cavallari & Lauren Conrad's books for an upcoming trip and can't wait to read them. We also have the new mom, Chrissy Teigen's cookbook on our kitchen counter and it's perfect. Books like these also make the best coffee table books or shelf display books or end table books or simply to just have in a neat pile on your desk. I'm getting more and more modern and have jumped on the "downloading to my iPad" train but things like this I enjoy a hard copy to either lay on the coffee table when I'm done reading or add to an office shelf for display. Some of these also have recipes or tips that can be referred back to so it's nice to have them at a reach. Linking up with Thoughts for Thursday today. While I don't want to wish away the spring/summer, I am eagerly awaiting football/tailgate season - just over four months to go. We spent the weekend in State College for the annual spring game - the Blue/White game. The weather was perfect and had me wishing I packed shorts. The game kicked off at 2pm on Saturday so we loaded up a toned down tailgate stash and headed for the stadium just before noon. The guys headed into the game for kickoff but since the score didn't matter, Mom and I enjoyed some extra time in the sun with our cocktails and music. We didn't get our normal spots right outside the stadium in the paved parking lot but the plus side of the fields was a nice view of the stadium. Once the game was over people were allowed on the field so of course I wanted to do that and grab a couple photos. We snacked on shrimp, a cheese platter, tailgate dip, sandwich bites, chicken nuggets and a couple Penn State cookies. A bloody mary bar and wine/beer served for the drinks. The weather was so nice that we just grilled out and enjoyed the deck at the house that night. Derek and I played some tennis after the game and my parents walked the dogs over to watch - it was all about enjoying the weather. Some creamery ice cream was enjoyed - a must in State College and we grabbed pizza at one of our favorite local spots on Friday night. A full car on the way up; Derek left work early to meet us in time for dinner but my parents picked up Stella and I so we could get up early. Game day ready for our morning walk. Coming over to watch us play tennis. Matching with my best gal. Spring really has arrived - the forecast is looking ideal and we had our first BBQ of the season on the deck last night - looking forward to many more to come.

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German government wants to reduce the number of railroad crossings Why is Germany the perfect place to study abroad? Lithuania has 4th most competitive tax system Flashing Day In Day Out The Mini Electric revealed: Famous brand's first pure-electric cars will be made in the same British factory as the original 60 years ago July 10, 2019 embrasi The first all-electric Mini has been launched – and is being built in Britain exactly sixty years after its original predecessor revolutionised small car motoring. The British car maker, owned by Germany's BMW, hopes the new battery-powered Mini will electrify the market as much as the original, which became a symbol of the swinging sixties that was equally at home outside a suburban family house as a pop star's trendy London pad. The Mini Electric will be built at the same Oxford factory as its ancestor and the zero-emissions three-door hatchback with go-kart style handling aims to spark something of a price war against rivals with a starting price of under £25,000 after a £3,500 taxpayer-funded government subsidy. There's also the option of leasing it monthly from £299, after a £4,000 down-payment. The new plug-in Mini Electric accelerates briskly from rest to 62mph in 7.3 seconds and will on to a top speed electronically restricted to 93mph. Range has been quoted as between 124 miles and 144 miles, according to the latest official real world figures, under the WLTP measure. Mini says that should be ample for most customers using theirs for urban or commuting trips averaging around 26 miles a day. Whether that is enough to allay so–called range anxiety remains to be seen. This is a big issue for many potential electric car customers worried about running out of juice, especially given the current lack of full public charging point coverage. By contrast, Tesla's new £38,000 standard Model 3 has a range of 254 miles. More than 15,000 potential customers have already expressed an interest in the new electric car, Mini said. The fact that it is being built in Oxford is being seen as a vote of confidence in Britain – with a caveat. BMW bosses had earlier warned that production could be shipped abroad under a no-deal Brexit, but the firm appears to have rowed back on that threat for now. The UK is BMW's fourth largest market and the third most profitable. Mischievously, the Mini team even managed to secure a Brexit-style exemption from BMW bosses. The car – with its Union Flag red brake-lights and wheel hub-caps that resemble a British-style 3-pin electric plug – will be called Mini Electric in UK only. Bosses argued it sounded far better in English compared to the rather anonymous Mini Cooper SE name, by which it will be known on the continent and elsewhere. The Mini has grown in size over the years from the tiny 'ten foot square box' that automotive design genius Sir Alec Issigonis created six decades ago, in response to the need then for smaller and more fuel efficient cars to cope with an oil crisis caused by the Suez Crisis. Today, the drive towards cleaner and greener cars has seen most major car-manufacturers offering electric alternatives to conventional petrol and diesel vehicles, which ministers have warned could be outlawed by 2040. The electric Mini would be almost completely silent but new EU safety laws on battery vehicles means it must emit a distinctive sound, via loudspeakers at low speed, to protect pedestrians and the visibly impaired who may otherwise be unaware of its approach. Mini opened the order books on the electric Mini, with production set to start in November and first deliveries next March. They will be among the 1,000 cars a day (including petrol and diesel versions) coming off the same production line – at the rate of one every 67 seconds – at the Oxford plant which employs 4,500 people building 223,000 new cars a year, of which 80 per cent are exported. On a fast charger (50KW direct current) the electric Mini can achieve 80 per cent of its charge in just 35 minutes, says Mini. That increases to 150 minutes – or two-and-a-half hours – on a standard home electric car AC 11KW wall-charger, plus an additional hour to gain a full charge. Plug in to a domestic socket and a full charge will take around 12 hours. The Mini Electric is powered by a 184 horsepower (135kW) motor, which draws its charge from a 32.6kWh high-voltage lithium ion battery arranged in 12 modules in a T-shape unit between the front seats and below the rear seats. A digital dashboard will show the flow of current between battery and motor, the available range, and give tips on how to conserve energy or boost charge, while a toggle switch on dashboard allows the driver to choose the intensity of power regeneration from the braking to help recharge the battery on the move. The Mini's sat nav will also work out shortest, fastest and greenest route to a destination to conserve power. BMW main board production director Oliver Zipse, who previously ran the Oxford factory, said: 'We are entering an era in which electric cars will become a normal choice for our customers. 'The Mini Electric will kick off our new model offensive for fully electric vehicles. By 2023, two years ahead of schedule, we will have 25 electrified models on the market. More than half of them will be fully electric'. While more expensive than a standard Mini One, which starts at £16,195 on the road, the Mini Electric is £600 cheaper than the equivalent Mini Cooper S with an automatic gearbox. Despite the heavy batteries it weighs only 145kg more than that car at 1,365kg and its centre of gravity is 30mm lower boosting driving dynamics. It retains the standard Mini's full 211 litres of boot-space, expanding to 731 litres when the rear backrests are folded down. Director of Mini in the UK, David George, said the new vehicle combined everything about a Mini with the environmental and low running cost advantages of an electric car: 'And they never have to visit a petrol station again'. The Mini's launch comes after Jaguar Land Rover announced last week it was investing heavily in new electric Jaguars at its Castle Bromwich factory near Birmingham, including a new battery-powered flagship XJ limousine. Mini first set out their electrification plan with a prototype Mini-E, a small fleet of which were tested on UK roads in 2008 by a small army of volunteer guinea pig drivers who kept a log. The results were fed into what became BMW's electric i3 programme. But that early prototype had only two seats and no boot because of the space taken up with batteries. Previous Previous post: Ireland's finance minister sees significant risk of disorderly Brexit Next Next post: UK Snow: Expectation Vs Reality A hacker gained access to 100 million Capital One credit card applications and accounts Australia ratifies maritime boundaries with East Timor

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Top 17 Tips On How To Get Rid Of Sunburn Blisters On Nose & Lips Fast Without Peeling 1. Rinse The Affected Areas. Rinsing the sunburn area is the first tip on how to get rid of sunburn blisters without peeling. When you have sunburn, you should use mild soaps and cool / warm water to rinse the affected area. You can use a cool and wet towel to put on the burned area. However, avoid any form... In fact, this is known as one of the best ways on how to get rid of sunburn blisters on nose, lips, face, and skin that you should not miss, but try to follow this home remedy if you want to deal with sunburn blisters fast and naturally. I had to wear a lip bumper thing on my bottom teeth and it made my bottom lip go out of shape. Its like the blood in my lip spread out and now there is extra redness all around the bottom of my bottom lip (I hope that made sense).

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Home»News»Missing Actress Lindsey Pearlman aged 43 Found Dead Missing Actress Lindsey Pearlman aged 43 Found Dead By The West News February 20, 2022 Updated: February 20, 2022 2 Mins Read Lindsey Pearlman's hunt has tragically ended. The Vicious actress was discovered dead in Los Angeles on Friday, Feb. 18, an LAPD official informed Her cause of death has not been disclosed. Lindsey was last seen around noon on Feb. 13 near the Thai Town section of L.A., according to a prior missing persons report. She "failed to return home," police claimed in the notice, sparking anxiety among her family and acquaintances. Her corpse was recovered along Hollywood Boulevard, approximately four miles away from her last encounter. Her cousin, Savannah Pearlman, said she was "last pinged on Sunset blvd." on Feb. 17. "I'm deeply sad to report that they have found Lindsey, and it was too late." Savannah said on Twitter on Friday. "Lindsey was a fierce animal advocate and a talented actress." she said. Her representative told "Lindsey Pearlman's death tonight saddens us much. The family has requested privacy while they grieve and process." Lindsey has been on General Hospital and Chicago Justice. In addition to Empire, she appeared in the anthology series The Purge and on Sneaky Pete. She recently had recurring parts on BET+'s The Ms. Pat Show and Urbanflix's Vicious. Lindsey was described as a "accomplished commercial actor" on her website, having graduated from the Second City Conservatory and Upright Citizens Brigade. In Chicago, she starred in The Mousetrap, Trevor, and Never the Bridesmaid, for which she won a Joseph Jefferson Award for Best Actress in a Principal Role. Tributes paid by noted Celebrities Lindsey Pearlman was terrific on @GeneralHospital and we are saddened to hear of this tragedy. Our hearts go out to her family and friends. #GH — Frank Valentini (@valentinifrank) February 19, 2022 This is how I will remember Lindsey Pearlman. Effortlessly beautiful and talented. Hilarious. Compassionate. Unapologetic. She lit up every room. She listened intently on stage and off. She so loved animals. I am sorry to her family and all the communities who deeply adored her. pic.twitter.com/iypa3ChBB5 — Lynn Chen 陳凌 (@MsLynnChen) February 19, 2022 I met the most talented people ever in the Chi. We all moved to LA together in hopes of pursuing our dreams. Our community lost Lindsey Pearlman. She was hilarious, goofy AF, stunning, and ridiculously gifted. Just talked to her two weeks ago. It feels surreal that she is gone. — Danielle Pinnock (@bodycourage) February 19, 2022 Crime Entertainment Lindsey Pearlman News

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Pat Henry Pat Henry is a President for the National Parent-Teacher Association with four videos in the C-SPAN Video Library; the first appearance was a 1991 News Conference. The year with the highest average number of views per program was 1993 with an average of 105 views per program. Most common tag: Education Reform. Appearances by Title:c. November 11, 1991 - Present President, National Parent-Teacher Association Videos: 4 U.S. Education Reform Issues The participants of this forum discuss subjects such as, statewide school restructuring in Kentucky, improving school… Agenda for Presidential Candidates Officers of National Parent-Teachers Association met with reporters to announce proposed additions to the national education… National Discussion on Education: Parents Pat Henry discussed the problem of low parental involvement in the education system. She talked about the findings recently… Parental Involvement Survey Early in his administration, President Bush announced an Education 2000 program, goals for American educators to strive for in the next decade.… Filter By All Event Types News Conference - 2 Forum - 1 Interview - 1

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it's unusual for me release early winamp skins . Usually i'm release in Friday,Saturday or Sunday .Here brand new winamp skins design from me to you . It's been a while since i'm release a new design (it's been 2 years , i think) .Anyway,i love so much this design and this skins be number 1 my favorite work after mecha girl or sinanju mecha musume and Virtual On(you may not know this skins) and make me think i want keep this skins for myself .Relax that just joke,i will keep share my work with you ,guys. And then let's talk about this anime she is my other favorite heroine in this season . Her ability almost same like Stella Vermilion although each of them have them own charm :D I think this anime have a lot mysteries ,and make me want to read the Light Novel .Sadly ,the light novel has been licensed by Yen Press -__- Last, happy downloading guys. If you interest to request check this page! I wanted you to do skins for kmplayer.com! err ,actually i can't make skins for kmplayer.

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Your workout buddy can now look as athletic and fashionable as you do in their own Sport Dog Hoodie in Ultra Violet by Doggie Design! As a trendsetter in pet fashions, Doggie Design has updated the basic hoodie with fashion-forward accents that will get your dog noticed. The crisp, black piping and the Doggie Design Sport logo look super sharp against the purple fabric. Style doesn't take a back seat to comfort, though. The 35% cotton 65% polyester knit fabric is a nice weight, slightly stretchy, and is breathable. The Sport Hoodie has been designed to fit comfortably and not be tight. Soft ribbed trim ensures an easy fit. Sport Dog Hoodie by Doggie Design - Ultra Violet Customer Photos - Send us your photo! Zuzu grew out of her pink and blue sport dog hoodie in XS, so we bumped her up to a size small, but she still only weighs just under 3lbs! She looks great in the ultra violet! Posted On 07/18/18 by Miss Pittsburgh from Clinton, TN Yes, Miss Pittsburgh recommends this product! Soo cute but will have to wait until she grows into it. I ordered a Medium and still a little big. Posted On 07/08/18 by Karina from , Yes, Karina recommends this product! Your little one can be warm for the winter. Posted On 03/26/17 by RIta I from Chalfont , PA Yes, RIta I recommends this product! Posted On 12/20/16 by Karen S from Cedar Springs, MI Yes, Karen S recommends this product! THIS sweatshirts is the most rich purple I have ever seen. Can not wait to see all the new 2017 clothes.. Posted On 12/01/16 by MICHELLE R from Dayton, TX Yes, MICHELLE R recommends this product! super cute and warm, a 'small' was almost too tight for my maltese, but I think it would fit better if she was in a 'puppy' cut. She has a long 'show' coat now. Posted On 10/23/16 by Deni S from New York, NY Yes, Deni S recommends this product! Our teacup poodle looks amazing in her sport dog hoodie. The ultra violet color is so flattering. The small fits her perfectly. She weighs almost 3 lbs. Posted On 03/19/16 by VICKI J from Bronx, NY Yes, VICKI J recommends this product! I purchased this for my little munchkin Coco Chanel and it looks so adorable on her. She is a black Cavalier King Charles Spaniel/Shihtzu mix and this color looks great on her. I purchased multiple colors for her. I couldn't resist. I also purchased some for her brother Chulo who is a Shihtzu/Bichon mix. Posted On 03/15/16 by holli t from Hale, MI Yes, holli t recommends this product! We're loving our new hoodie. It's so comfy and warm yet light weight enough for the spring weather. This is the fifth sport hoodie we've purchased. Love that we can alternate the hoodies depending on what color we want for the occasion. Thank you Baxter Boo for being our favorite place to shop for doggie and kitty items. Posted On 03/11/16 by Alex C from Seattle, WA Yes, Alex C recommends this product! Posted On 12/05/15 by Sonya H from Westerville, OH Yes, Sonya H recommends this product! This hoodie fits my Chihuahua great. He already had the Nautical Blue. I liked it so much that I wanted to get another one. It seems well made and is warm. Posted On 11/25/15 by Gary L from Colleyville, TX Yes, Gary L recommends this product! Good fit, good quality - 2XL fits great on our goldendoodle. Posted On 11/11/15 by Cres B from Oak Park, IL Yes, Cres B recommends this product! Every dog needs a sport hoodie. Max is the typical macho terrier whose motto is I don't need no [stinkin] coat. He has no undercoat, however, so unless he is racing around, he gets cold. Like when he is walking ever so slowly with me (boring). He likes the sport hoodie; it doesn't apparently fit the dreaded coat category. It fits on smoothly and stays comfortable without riding up. And he looks Cool! Posted On 10/09/15 by Michael from , NY Yes, Michael recommends this product! I bought an XL for my 60 lbs pit and it fits her great. Its a really nice hoodie, perfect for this cool fall weather!! Posted On 02/06/15 by Jenn B from Marion, OH Yes, Jenn B recommends this product! This is an adorable hoodie but, it does run small. I ordered a medium for my 14 pound Shih Tzu and it was too small. I am waiting on the large to be shipped and hope it fits perfectly. Posted On 12/22/14 by Robin W from Topton, PA Yes, Robin W recommends this product! Love this hoodie! I recently purchased 2 of them. This purple one I purchased for my female. Once I got it on her, she seemed to really like it. She has shorter hair and I thought it would be nice for cooler days. The color is great and the style is fantastic. Fits perfectly! I would surely recommend it to others! Posted On 12/20/14 by Brenda H from , IA Yes, Brenda H recommends this product! Very nice quality. However runs at least a size big. Posted On 11/21/14 by Emily from , Yes, Emily recommends this product! Posted On 11/05/14 by Terri J from , Yes, Terri J recommends this product! Have one in black too! Review there, but wears and washes well. Seems to keep our dog nice and toasty warm! Posted On 10/09/14 by Lisa L from Millersville, MD Yes, Lisa L recommends this product! After last winter, I was looking for something warm for Tank to wear. It isn't easy to find clothes to fit my Staffie. He is 75 pounds of solid muscle with a 30' chest and 22' neck. This hoodies fits him perfectly. Would highly recommend it. Posted On 10/08/14 by Ryan M from Chesnut hill, MA Yes, Ryan M recommends this product! Prices were great, easy to order and had what I was looking for!!

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Theater top 10 for winter 2020: 'Bug' at Steppenwolf and an 'Once Upon This Island' visit By Chris Jones MiMi Crossland (as Little Girl), Courtnee Carter (as Ti Moune) and the company of the North American tour of "Once on This Island." (Joan Marcus photo) With the 2010s now toast, and the Year of Chicago Theatre now officially replaced by the Year of Chicago Music, our much-loved Chicago theater opens up a challenging new decade of homegrown artistic attractions. And we'll all have to survive without "Hamilton." So, as we reluctantly face the January of the 2020s, assuming we count our decades that way, what especially promising shows will guide us through the rest of the winter, not to mention life thereafter? While advance predictions are never a substitute for informed recommendations, here is an alphabetical list of 10 upcoming shows that will have me both hopeful and excited to slide into my seat. "An American in Paris": The long-lived Drury Lane Theatre in Oakbrook Terrace faces the 2020s with real ambition, and its January presentation of this George Gershwin musical, a work filled with dance, is prima facie evidence of its expanded sense of artistic purpose. As seen on Broadway in 2015, where it was produced by the Chicagoan Stuart Oken and directed and choreographed by Christopher Wheeldon, "American in Paris" is based on a modernist and experimental 1928 Gershwin work, as famously adapted into a movie wherein Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron danced through the City of Light. At Drury Lane, Lynne Kurdziel Formato directs. Jan. 31 to March 29 at Drury Lane Theatre, 100 Drury Lane, Oakbrook Terrace; 630-530-0111 or drurylanetheatre.com "Bug": The most-anticipated show of the new year in Chicago, with interest coming from across the country, is this revival of the bizarre Tracy Letts play set in an Oklahoma hotel room. It will feature Carrie Coon, the acclaimed Chicago actress (and wife of the playwright), working with the auteur Broadway director David Cromer, the man responsible for "The Band's Visit" and the legendary Chicago "Our Town." Coon is now a celebrity, following several success in TV drama, and there likely will be a clamor for tickets. Jan. 23 to March 8 at Steppenwolf Theatre, 1650 N. Halsted St.; 312-335-1650 or www.steppenwolf.org "Emma": The author Jane Austen has proved popular with Chicago theater audiences. "Emma," based on Austen's 1815 novel, the last to be completed and published during her lifetime, is a full-blown new musical with a score from Paul Gordon, who previously adapted "Sense and Sensibility" and "Jane Eyre." With Lora Lee Gayer in the title role, Barbara Gaines directs a show hoping for a life beyond Chicago. Jan. 28 to March 15 at Chicago Shakespeare Theater on Navy Pier; 312-595-5600 or www.chicagoshakes.com "Her Honor Jane Byrne": The Lookingglass Theatre was quiet last fall when it came to new work. Presumably, this venerable Chicago company was gearing up for "Her Honor Jane Byrne," a rare Lookingglass foray into Chicago's political history and, more specifically, the city's first woman mayor. J. Nicole Brooks sets her much-anticipated play in 1981, when years of urban neglect in Chicago are coming home to roost and Byrne decides to move into the public housing project known as Cabrini-Green. Feb. 26 to April 12 at Lookingglass Theatre in the Water Tower Water Works, 821 N. Michigan Ave.; 312-337-0665 or www.lookingglasstheatre.org Heidi Schreck stars in "What the Constitution Means to Me". (Joan Marcus / HANDOUT) "How to Defend Yourself": In this new play from Liliana Padilla, developed at this theater through a series of workshops, seven college-aged women find themselves in a self-defense program that turns out to be a catalyst for personal emotions from anger to desire. The play, which focuses on young women now very much aware of the possibility of a sexual attack, won the Yale Prize for Drama last year and premiered at the Actors Theatre of Louisville's famed Humana Festival of New American Plays. Marti Lyons directs. Jan. 24 to Feb. 23 at Victory Gardens Theater, 2433 N. Lincoln Ave.; 773-871-3000 or www.victorygardens.org "Once on This Island": The first national tour of the exuberant 2017 Broadway revival of the much-loved musical by Stephen Flaherty and Lynn Ahrens is well timed for the middle of a Chicago winter, offering Chicagoans a chance to escape to warmer climes for some passionate storytelling and charming island tunes. We'll have to see how well an immersive production conceived for a theater in the round translates to a large proscenium house. Jan. 21 to Feb. 2 at the Cadillac Palace Theatre, 151 W. Randolph St.; 800-775-2000 and www.broadwayinchicago.com "Roe": Lisa Loomer's carefully balanced drama looks at the political and social history of abortion in the United States, focusing especially on the real woman behind the 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court case: Norma McCorvey, the plaintiff who became known by a pseudonym and Sarah Weddington, her 26-year-old lawyer. This is the first Chicago production of a play being produced at many regional theaters this season. The hugely talented Vanessa Stalling directs. Jan. 18 to Feb. 23 at the Goodman's Albert Theatre, 170 N. Dearborn St.; 312-443-3800 and www.goodmantheatre.org "Sheepdog": The busy activist-director Wardell Julius Clark is at the helm of a two-character police drama by Kevin Artigue. Widely admired after being produced at South Coast Rep this past spring, the play looks at two romantically involved police officers, one of whom is white and the other African-American. Their lives are upended following an officer-involved shooting. Leslie Ann Sheppard and Drew Schad star. Jan. 16 to Feb. 29 at Theater Wit, 1229 W. Belmont Ave.; 773-975-8150 or www.sgtheatre.org Latest Chris Jones Terry Jones, a very naughty boy and a Python like no other At the Goodman Theatre, Lisa Loomer's 'Roe' wants to honor both sides of abortion debate. But can it? Column: In Megxit, the only justification for privilege is service. Decouple those two words and you have a problem. Why did Emerald City Theatre collapse? Children's theater is hard. 'Trevor the Musical,' a show about a bullied gay teen that premiered in Glencoe, to open in New York "Verboten": After a fallow period, the venerable House Theater of Chicago is back with the world premiere of an original musical, featuring a book by the Chicago playwright Brett Neveu and music and lyrics by Jason Narducy. Set in 1983, "Verboten" is all about a punk rock band made up of Chicago teenagers, hoping to make their mark at the Cubby Bear before their parents put the kibosh on their fledgling music careers. Nathan Allen directs. Jan. 16 to March 8 at Chopin Theatre, 1543 W. Division St.; 773-769-3832 or www.thehousetheatre.com "What the Constitution Means to Me": For most politically oriented feminists and progressives, Heidi Schreck's self-performed, one-woman story of her morphing relationship to the Constitution of the United States was the most exciting show on Broadway last season. The piece — part memoir, part academic analysis, part a liberal call to arms — is now touring, but not with its author. The actress Maria Dizzia, known for her work on stage and TV, is taking the role of "Heidi." March 4 to April 12 at the Broadway Playhouse, 175 E. Chestnut St.; 800-775-2000 and www.broadwayinchicago.com Chris Jones is a Tribune critic. cjones5@chicagotribune.com

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Die Nessel-Seide (Cuscuta europaea), auch Europäische Seide oder Hopfen-Seide genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart in der Familie der Windengewächse (Convolvulaceae). Es handelt sich um einen Vollschmarotzer. Beschreibung Vegetative Merkmale Die Nessel-Seide ist eine einjährige krautige Pflanze. Die Nominatform Gewöhnliche Nessel-Seide (Cuscuta europaea subsp. europaea) hat einen fadenförmigen, 20 bis 100 Zentimeter langen, windenden Stängel von anfangs grünlicher oder rötlich-gelber Farbe, später ist er rot überlaufen. Laubblätter und Wurzeln fehlen. Chlorophyll ist nur in Resten vorhanden. Generative Merkmale Die Blütezeit reicht von Juni bis September. In den Achseln winziger Tragblätter sitzen in köpfchenförmigen Blütenstände, die einen Durchmesser von 10 bis 15 Millimetern aufweisen. Die rötlichen bis weißlich-gelben oder reinweißen Blüten sind drei- bis fünfzählig (meistens vierzählig). Die Kronblattschuppen sind klein, zart bis fehlend, die Kronröhre ist daher offen. Jede Blüte enthält zwei bis vier Griffel, die in fadenförmigen Narben enden. Es werden Kapselfrüchte mit je vier hartschaligen Samen gebildet. Fruchtreife ist von August bis September. Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 14. Ökologie Die Nessel-Seide ist ein Therophyt, dieser Vollschmarotzer ist also einjährig. Er ist ein Linkswinder. Der fadenförmige, keimblattlose Keimling bewegt sich dadurch fort, dass er an der Spitze weiterwächst und am hinteren Ende abstirbt, wobei die Baustoffe nach vorne wandern. Bei Kontakt mit einer Wirtspflanze windet er sich um diese und bildet Saugfortsätze (Haustorien), die unter Auflösung der Zellwände des Wirtes bis zu den Sieb- und Gefäßteilen vordringen und dort Wasser und die gelösten Assimilate entziehen. Allerdings kann die Pflanze auch Zucker vom Wirt beziehen, ohne bis in den Siebteil einzudringen. Bei übermäßiger Ausbeutung kann sie die Wirtspflanze auch zum Absterben bringen. Kürzlich wurde nachgewiesen, dass die gezielte Bewegung der Cuscuta-Keimlinge in Richtung ihrer potentiellen Wirtspflanze durch von der Wirtspflanze abgegebene flüchtige Inhaltsstoffe gesteuert wird, das bedeutet die Parasiten "riechen" ihren Wirt. Als Wirtspflanzen für den Vollschmarotzer dienen Brennnessel, Hopfen, Echte Zaunwinde, Gewöhnlicher Beifuß, auch Kartoffel und andere krautige Pflanzen. Zwischen den Parasiten und der besetzten Wirtspflanze wurde verschiedentlich auch ein Genaustausch festgestellt. Je nach Wirt liegt eine Langtag- oder Kurztagpflanze vor. Blütenökologisch handelt es sich um "Glockenblumen mit klebrigem Pollen". Der Nektar ist bedeckt. Als Besucher kann man Wespen, vor allem Grabwespen, beobachten (Wespenblume). Die Blüten bleiben teilweise geschlossen (also kleistogam), ihre Lebensdauer beträgt in etwa zehn Tage. Die Kapselfrüchte werden von der bleibenden Blütenhülle umgeben und sind dadurch spezifisch leicht. Das ermöglicht eine Windausbreitung als Ballonflieger und eine Schwimmausbreitung. Dazu erfolgt Zufallsverbreitung durch Weidetiere und wahrscheinlich auch eine Ausbreitung durch Schwimmsamen. Die Samen sind Dunkelkeimer und bleiben im Boden fünf bis zehn Jahre keimfähig. Die Seiden-Arten der Gattung Cuscuta dienen als Futterpflanze für kleine Rüsselkäfer der Gattung Smicronyx. Die Käferlarven entwickeln sich in Stängelverdickungen (Gallen), deren Bildung durch die Eiablage der Käferweibchen verursacht wird. In Europa können an der Nessel-Seide bis zu fünf verschiedene Smicronyx-Arten gefunden werden. Vorkommen Das Verbreitungsgebiet von Cuscuta europaea erstreckt sich über die gemäßigten Zonen Eurasiens bis ins nördliche Indien. Die Nessel-Seide wächst in Staudengesellschaften feuchter und nährstoffreicher Standorte, vor allem in Flusstälern. Sie wächst gern an feuchten, nährstoffreichen Standorten und ist eine Stromtalpflanze. Sie ist in Mitteleuropa eine Charakterart des Cuscuto-Convolvuletum. Die ökologischen Zeigerwerte nach Landolt et al. 2010 sind in der Schweiz: Feuchtezahl F = 3+w (feucht aber mäßig wechselnd), Lichtzahl L = 3 (halbschattig), Reaktionszahl R = 3 (schwach sauer bis neutral), Temperaturzahl T = 4 (kollin), Nährstoffzahl N = 4 (nährstoffreich), Kontinentalitätszahl K = 3 (subozeanisch bis subkontinental). In den Allgäuer Alpen steigt sie an der Stuhlwand am Grünten in Bayern in Höhenlagen von bis zu 1500 Metern auf. Im Kanton Wallis steigt sie sogar über 2000 Meter auf. Systematik Die Erstveröffentlichung von Cuscuta europaea erfolgte 1753 durch Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum, Tomus 1, S. 124. Bei der Nessel-Seide (Cuscuta europaea) unterscheiden manche Autoren in Europa drei Varietäten (bei manchen Autoren auch als Unterarten): Gewöhnliche Nessel-Seide (Cuscuta europaea var. europaea) Wicken-Seide (Cuscuta europaea var. viciae , Syn.: Cuscuta europaea subsp. viciae ): Sie wächst in Wicken- und Linsenfeldern und anderen Ansaaten von Leguminosen. Hecken-Seide (Cuscuta europaea var. nefrens , Syn.: Cuscuta europaea subsp. nefrens ): Sie "schmarotzt" u. a. auf Prunus, Bocksdornen (Lycium) und Brennnesseln (Urtica). Bei manchen Autoren werden die drei europäischen Varietäten zur Cuscuta europaea var. europaea zusammengefasst. Bei anderen Autoren gibt es folgende Varietäten: Cuscuta europaea var. conocarpa Cuscuta europaea var. europaea Cuscuta europaea var. indica (Syn.: Cuscuta indica ): Sie kommt vor in der Türkei und vom Himalaja bis ins nördliche Indien. Cuscuta europaea var. nepalensis : Sie kommt in Nepal vor. Nutzung Das Kraut wirkt purgierend und diuretisch. Es wurde auch bei Fieber, Angina und anderen Krankheiten verwendet. Trivialnamen Für die Nessel-Seide bestehen bzw. bestanden auch die weiteren deutschsprachigen Trivialnamen: Filtzekruit (mittelniederdeutsch-rheinisch), Falsches Frauenhaar, Unser Fruen Seiden (mittelhochdeutsch), Klebe, Kleeseide, Kleise, Leithaar, Nesseldoder (mittelhochdeutsch), Nesseltottern (mittelhochdeutsch), Nesselranken (Ostpreußen), Nesselseide (Schlesien), Nesselside (mittelniederdeutsch-rheinisch), Rangen, Side (mittelniederdeutsch-rheinisch), Teufelszwirn, Tuhnsied (Mecklenburg) und Große Vogelseide. Literatur Hans Christian Weber: Schmarotzer: Pflanzen, die von anderen leben. Belser, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-7630-1834-4. Einzelnachweise Weblinks Thomas Meyer: Seide Datenblatt mit Bestimmungsschlüssel und Fotos bei Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (alter Name der Webseite: Blumen in Schwaben) Mikroskopbild: Stängelquerschnitt einer Brennnessel mit Haustorium der Nessel-Seide Seide (Gattung) Pflanzenparasit Kletterpflanze

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The 2018 Bugatti Veyron will get a brand new exterior shade, Satin Metal Grey Metallic. Additionally, hatchback models at the moment are obtainable with the diesel engine. The 2018 Bugatti Veyron received a 5-star total security ranking from the NHTSA (out of a doable five stars). In IIHS evaluations, the 2018 Bugatti Veyron Release Date, Price and Review has solely been examined in side and reasonable entrance overlap influence checks where it obtained a Good ranking (Good is the very best potential score). It also acquired a Basic rating on the IIHS' front crash prevention test for having an available forward collision warning system (Superior is the best rating for the front crash prevention take a look at). That is the story of the new 2018 Bugatti Veyron, actually. It's full of features and demonstrates a sophisticated mechanical prowess, however it's particular about issues. It's medical and exact, in some ways to a fault, however balanced with obvious value and features. Like the hit man, the 2018 Bugatti Veyron isn't any nonsense up front, but there's an underlying heat and want to please once you get to comprehend it.

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Home » News & Features » NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series' Todd Gilliland: I'm learning with every lap NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series' Todd Gilliland: I'm learning with every lap Todd Gilliland is still seeking his first NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series after dominating in the K&N Series. Two years ago, even as he was ripping up NASCAR's lower-level K&N West and East tours on Friday and Saturday nights, Todd Gilliland felt he was getting close to being ready to go racing with the big boys on Sunday afternoons. At the time, he was a grizzled ol' racing graybeard of 17. Now, after a sterling K&N career that led to the Gander Outdoors Truck Series, he thinks he's even more ready. But he's also matured enough in two years to know things will get tougher as he climbs the ladder. Maybe, he realizes, some patience is advisable. "At that point (in 2017, at age 17) I don't think I knew how much I still had to learn," the 19-year-old said Friday at Pocono Raceway, scene of this weekend's ARCA/GOTS/Cup Series tripleheader. "I hadn't had any problems up to then. Things in racing had come pretty easily for me for so long. Really, I hadn't had to work that hard to get where I was." Maybe not, but the results were outrageously impressive. The third-generation racer – grandson of Butch, son of David, all from California – Todd was 6-of-14 in K&N West in 2017, with 11 total top-5 finishes, 13 top-10s and seven poles en route the championship. In the East Series that same year, he was 4-of-14, with 10 top-5 finishes, 13 top-10s and a pole. He won the West title and was second in the East standings. He warmed up in '16 by winning six West races and the title, and was runaway for Rookie of the Year. All told, his brief K&N resume: 20 victories in 52 starts, 38 top-five finishes, 48 top-10s, 15 poles, two championships, a runner-up points finish and a ROTY trophy in three full seasons. All of this from a kid. Gilliland's found things a bit tougher in the Truck Series, where he's driving Toyotas for Kyle Busch Motorsports. (He's made just one K&N start, an eighth in a 14-car field at Memphis in June). He's run all 13 races, with two top-5 finishes, seven top-10s, a pole at Fort Worth and a best of second behind Ross Chastain at St. Louis in June and third behind winner Chastain and runner-up Ben Rhodes at Kansas City in May. He's eighth in points, though without a victory he's 11th in the playoff standings and will need a win over the next three races to make the playoff field. "This is hard, but I'm learning with every lap, no matter what I'm in," he said of the Truck Series, which faced 150 miles at Pocono on Saturday afternoon. "People aren't lining up to take me up to the next level, so I'm going to take it as it comes. It's all about opportunity and sponsorship. I'm not going to jump in just anything (to be in the Xfinity of Cup series). I'm not going to sell myself short." At 19, nor should he. « Kia Stinger GT420 Debuts As Unique Track Car Packing 422 HP Drivers offer a 4-point plan to fix Formula 1 »

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The Easy Answer is to Visit Mr Bid! Mr Bid carries name brand tile flooring from Mohawk, Happy Floors, and Daltile, and our flooring experts can help you choose the color, style, and design that will give your home the look you want for less. Our flooring experts have more than 30 years experience designing and installing floors for just about every budget and style. If you're looking for an all-around great floor that is durable, moisture resistant, and easy to maintain, porcelain tile is the product for you. Porcelain tiles come in a variety of colors and patterns including wood and marble. So if you're on a tight budget but want the look of a higher-end natural stone, porcelain tile is the way to go. Visit Mr Bid and let us help you choose the best tile flooring for your home! Although porcelain tiles add elegance to any room, if you are looking for slip-resistance, smaller ceramic tiles are your best bet. When you plan your floor pattern to include 4" x 4" ceramic tiles or smaller, you are naturally adding more grout lines and as a result, greater slip-resistance. Ceramic tiles come in a large variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, making them the perfect flooring for any kitchen or bathroom. When it comes to choosing a tile floor for your kitchen or bathroom, start your search at Mr Bid. With experienced tile installers, a great selection and amazing prices on ALL our tile floor options, Mr Bid makes it easy to find flooring that matches your style and budget!

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Strictly come dancing 2016 winner Ore Oduba's parents were not happy with him and his wife Portia when they heard he was going to be on the show.You might wonder why they would take such news downheartedly.But it is a very common reason.Grandchildren. When Ore revealed to them he had some fantastic news for them,they thought he and his wife were coming over with news of them expecting a child.Hahahahaha,don't you just love parents,they all have the same one track mind in situations like this. His mother Fola, was seen at the finals cheering her son on to victory. Oduba's ancestry.Thanks to his success as a powerful lawyer,he was able to send his son to some of the best schools in the UK.He was educated privately, at prep schools Dumpton and Canford. He also spent most of his childhood jetting back and forth between the UK and Nigeria. Mother cheering her son on to victory. He met Portia while they were at Loughborough University,where he studied Sports Science and Social Science.They dated for 3 years before he proposed to her in the old fashioned way.Going down on one knee in front of her parents in Kent.You can guess what her answer was.He's a bit of a soppy romantic as he revealed in an interview:'On my wedding day I cried from 11 in the morning until 2am that night. 'There's a picture of me wailing, my best men there laughing and Portia absolutely cracking up next to me – I am the only one crying.' They got married in November 2015. The strictly winner seems to have a penchant for coming first.He was the youngest presenter ever on the popular BBCNewsround at the age of 23. He has since gone from strength to strength hosting Match of the Day: Kickabout as well as presenting as part of the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. But mum and dad may not be unhappy for too long as he revealed they are hoping to start a family pretty soon.'We are looking forward to having a family but we haven't necessarily been in one place or one time together. Here are some biography facts about our latest star.He was born on November 17 1986 in England making him a Scorpio..He grew up in London and Canford Magna (Dorset), England. A bit of info about his siblings.He has two sisters and a brother and they grew up in Dorset.

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Heart of Carolina A Cappella is a mixed A Cappella chorus based in Durham, NC. Our vision is "Everyone in Harmony" - we invite all genders, ethnicities, and ages to sing barbershop harmony style music with us. We also sing a variety of other genres and repertoire, including 6 and 8 part arrangements of jazz, pop, and more.

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Apostasy Foretold! The Modern Romans The End of Man's Age Just What Do You Mean... Born Again? Whose Opinion Counts? Just What Is 'The WORK'? The Dilemma Of Drugs D Paul Graunke WHAT IS THE DRUG PROBLEM? Once upon a time, so the old Indian parable goes, a king and his army passed by a city whose inhabitants were blind. He had a mighty elephant which he used in battle and to instill dread in any would-be opponents. A group of blind men wanted to learn what this elephant was. Since they did not know even the form or shape of an elephant, they groped sightlessly over the massive beast gathering information by touching some part of it. Each thought he knew what an elephant was, because he could feel a part. Afterwards they compared impressions. The man who had touched an ear said: "It is a large, rough thing, wide and broad, like a rug." Another who had felt the trunk said: "I have the real facts about it. It is like a straight and hollow pipe, awful and destructive." A third man who had felt its feet and legs strongly disagreed: "It is mighty and firm, like a pillar." Each had felt one part out of many, and had interpreted the animal from his vantage point. No one could perceive the whole animal, and consequently there was no agreement about what an elephant was. Drug Problem Is Many Problems In much the same manner, various specialists and authorities have carried on a running debate over the size and shape, causes and solution to the drug problem. The sudden increase in illicit drug use by teenagers in the mid-sixties was something never before seen or experienced. Various drug experts and authorities descended on the problem to find out what it was and what to do about it. The trouble was they often dealt with different aspects of the problem. And each interpreted the problem from the viewpoint of his specialty, his area of expertise. "It's a law and order problem," said policemen. "We need stricter laws and tighter enforcement." "No, it's an educational problem," said teachers. "We need better drug information programs." "It's a medical problem," said the doctors. "If only we could find out the chemical equation that explains the drugs' effects-then we'd be able to do something about it." "It's a family problem," said the sociologists. "Children need to respect their parents, and parents need to discipline their kids." And so on. For a while it seemed as though the experts would fare no better than the blind men, that no agreement could be reached. But unlike the elephant in the parable, the drug problem isn't just passing through. It's been around for more than a decade and shows every sign of remaining for many more years to come. The experts have had plenty of time to double check their results, to analyze, compare, discard, and devise new hypotheses about the drug problem. And it is slowly dawning on more and more of them that they have been viewing the problem in its parts rather than as a whole. They are realizing the drug problem is all of the preceding — and more. It is the sum total of many factors — social, political, psychological, medical and moral. It doesn't conform to any simple description, and it defies one-shot solutions. In this booklet we will consider the drug problem one part at a time. Our goal will be to eventually piece the diverse parts of the problem into a whole, a composite picture. The picture will not be complete be­ cause our knowledge is not complete. It will necessarily be a sketch rather than a detailed composition as the drug problem involves more data and factors than can possibly be compressed into a work of this size. But it is hoped that a perspective of the problem will emerge; that you, the reader, will come to a greater, if not new, understanding of drugs — what they are, who uses them, why, and what the alternatives are. Technically speaking, a drug is any substance (other than food) that by its chemical nature affects the structure or function of a living organism. Doctors usually refer to a drug in terms of its ability to treat physical and mental diseases. They stress the therapeutic value. But many laymen now focus on the negative connotations of the word. For them, "drug" has become a four-letter word of the worst kind, an epithet, an obscenity. When used in conversation it provokes strong emotional reactions. It's a good word to start an argument with, or even a fight. The reason "drug" has become a dirty word is because millions of people are using certain drugs for fun and pleasure for non-medical reasons. These drugs are called mood — altering or psychoactive drugs. A psychoactive drug is any substance capable of modifying mental performance and behavior by inducing functional or pathological changes in the central nervous system. Psychoactive drugs primarily affect emotions, feelings, sensibility, consciousness and thinking. They can alter moods by making the user depressed or euphoric. They can keep awake or put to sleep. They can alter our perceptions of time and space. The psychoactive drugs are the "drug problem." When people talk about the "drug problem" they usually have in mind the illicit psychoactive drugs such as marijuana, LSD, mescaline, heroin, and cocaine, etc. They worry about the drug culture made up of potheads, heroin shooting galleries, psychedelic lights and posters, rock music, underground newspapers, hippies, smuggling, and drug pushers and the like. The Licit Versus the Illicit But do they ever think of the psychoactive drug problem in terms of coffee, chocolate, wine, whiskey, cigars and cigarettes? Do they ever worry about the drug culture made up of alcoholics, cancer wards, cocktail parties, tobacco farmers, breweries and Madison Avenue? They should. Because every one of the products in the second list contain psychoactive drugs — alcohol, nicotine, or caffeine. These drugs are mood — altering drugs, and like all other drugs have the potential to harm health. Of course, most people wouldn't think of calling them drugs. Social lubricants and amenities, perhaps, but surely not drugs. A survey conducted for the U.S. National Commission on. Marijuana and Drug Abuse measured this "blind spot" in the public's perception of drugs. The survey found that 95% of the adults and 96% of the youth questioned regarded heroin as a drug, and 80% of both said the same about marijuana. But only 39% of the adults and 34% of the youth considered alcohol to be a drug, and the percentage dropped even lower for tobacco — 27% and 16% respectively. "The imprecision of the term 'drug' has had serious social consequences. Because alcohol is excluded, the public is conditioned to regard a martini as something fundamentally different from a marijuana cigarette, a barbiturate capsule or a bag of heroin.... This confusion must be dispelled. Alcohol is a drug. All drugs act according to the same general principles.... American drug policy will never be coherent until it is founded on uniform principles such as these, which apply to all drugs" (Drug Use in America, pp. 10-11). The most common form of drug abuse today... is the abuse of the word "drug"! Millions of people are distorting reality by applying the word to those psychoactive chemicals which do not have society's seal of approval, while omitting it when talking about those that are approved for fun and pleasure. This is tantamount to recognizing trunks and ears as part of an elephant, while omitting the legs and tail. This abuse of the word "drug" has caused more con­ fusion and disagreement than almost any other mistake of omission or commission. It has spawned a number of myths and misconceptions about drugs — that frustrate all efforts to deal with them. Myth # 1: Society is mainly against the use of drugs for pleasure and seeks to eliminate all non-medical use of drugs. In fact, we operate under a double standard. "American drug policy has been predicated on one fundamental notion: that the societal objective is to eliminate 'non-medical' drug use.... The non-medical use of alcohol and tobacco would be inconsistent with the declared goal; thus, statutory vocabulary and social folklore have established the fiction that they are not drugs at all. Although use of these substances may arouse concern, they are not viewed in the wider context of drug use. "Drug policy makers cannot truthfully assert that this society aims to eliminate non-medical drug use. No semantic fiction will alter the fundamental composition of alcohol and tobacco" (ibid., p. 20). Myth #2: Present social policy is designed to protect and eliminate from society the most dangerous psychoactive drugs. "If the standard for social policy were potential injury to individual health, barbiturates, alcohol, and tobacco would present the clearest cases for prohibition. Yet, the latter two are available for self-defined purposes, and the former is widely used in the practice of medicine. "... Society has long been aware of the individual and social risk of alcohol use. Even with the effort now being made to inform the public of the — risks of tobacco use, society still permits this drug to be widely available. In both cases, society clearly subordinates the risks inherent in such behavior, deferring instead to individual judgment" (ibid., p. 22}. Tip of the Iceberg Myth #3: Illicit drug use comprises the biggest part of the drug problem. In fact, just the opposite is true. For example, there re an estimated 500,000 heroin addicts in the United States. But there are at least 9,000,000 alcoholics and alcohol abusers! About 20% of all Americans over the age of 11 have tried marijuana — but at least three times that number have tried tobacco and some 38% of all adults currently smoke tobacco products. When all the figures for drug use are added up, we find that illicit drug use — serious as it is only makes up the most visible and controversial tip of the drug iceberg. Lying beneath the surface of public awareness lies a far more massive problem relating to the use of legal and socially accepted psychoactive drugs, particularly alcohol and nicotine. Everybody's Problem Myth #4: The drug problem is primarily a youth problem. It is true that the majority of marijuana users are teenagers. But the number of people over 30 using pot is growing. If current trends continue, the number of adult pot users will equal or exceed the number of teenage users by the end of the decade. Teenagers comprise a minority of the users of most psychoactive drugs. Only 5-7% of all alcoholics are teenagers, though the number of teenage "alkies" has been growing in recent years. Over 90 % of those who regularly use tobacco are adults. Teenagers seem to take larger doses of amphetamines and barbiturates and their experiences are more dramatic and widely reported, but adult abusers of these drugs are far more numerous. The drug problem is not just a youth problem — it's every­ body's problem. "Young people have extended drug use patterns endemic to the entire society; they have not created new ones" ( Worlds Apart: Young People and Drug Problems, p. 12). They have mimicked with illicit drugs what their parents are doing with legal drugs. These myths persist partly out of ignorance and blindness and partly because the truth is sometimes stranger — and more distressing — than fiction . "What ails the truth," wrote H. L. Mencken, "is that it is mainly uncomfortable, and never caressing.... Fictions are not truths; they are not even truths in decay. They are simply better-than-truths. They make life more comfortable and happy. They turn and dull the sharp edge of reality." But we can't afford "better-­than-truths." Additional thousands of people young and old will die every year as long as we refuse to face up to the sharp edge of reality: We are a drug-using society. We sanction the non-medical use of psychoactive drugs. We have a drug culture that encourages the use of drugs for recreation, for fun. We had the drugs and the culture long before the youth quake of the 60s. Young people didn't start the drug epidemic — they only intensified it by introducing new drugs. The drug controversy, then, is not a matter of whether society will use psychoactive drugs — but which drugs will be accepted and legalized. It is not a question of prohibiting non-medical use of drugs, but of proper and "safe" use of drugs for f un. How will we decide what drugs should be used? And how much is "enough"? How do we cure drug use that is detrimental to health? How do we prevent drug abuse in the first place? This is the drug dilemma. DRUGS: GOOD? BAD? OR BOTH? Remember the "that's-good, that's-bad" routine? "I just had an accident." "That's bad!" "But escaped without in­jury." "That's good!" "But the car is a total wreck." "At least I'm insured." "But the accident was my fault!" "That's bad!" Etc. Medicine and Menace You encounter a lot of this when discussing drugs. They can relieve pain, prevent infection and save lives. That's good! But they can also destroy bodily tissue, impair healthy bodily metabolism, enslave by addiction and ultimately kill. That's bad! The drug problem would be greatly simplified if drugs were not ambivalent, if they were very selective in their effects. If only drug X eased pain, but was not addicting, if only drug Y helped people relax but didn't adversely affect the brain or the liver. But drugs don't work that way. Rather, their effects are varied and often ambivalent — they have the potential to simultaneously hurt or harm, depending on a number of variables. Because any drug can play both the role of medicine or health menace, any description of its effects is bound to sound like a "that's-good, that's-bad" routine. Morphine presents a good example of a "that's-good, that's — bad" story. It came into widespread use as a pain-killer during the American Civil War (1861-65). So effective was it as an analgesic for wounds and amputations that physicians sometimes referred to it as "G.O.M." — "God's own medicine." That's good! But in time morphine was found to be addicting — prolonged use followed by abstinence led to agonizing withdrawal symptoms. "God's own medicine" turned out to be "the Devil's own misery." Hundreds, if not thousands (accurate statistics are hard to come by), of war veterans inadvertently became drug addicts. That's bad! But that's the nature of opiates. And it illustrates a fundamental principle of pharmacology: any drug can be dangerous depending on the dosage, the duration of use, its purity and many other factors. No drug is completely "safe." Recognizing this, the Federal government under the Controlled Substances Act regulates drugs according to their potential for abuse. The drugs are listed in five schedules in descending order of proven abuse potential and current medical usage. Schedule I lists drugs deemed to have great abuse potential and no legitimate medical use. The score or so drugs on this list include heroin, LSD, mescaline, psilocybin and marijuana. Schedule II lists drugs with great abuse potential that have legitimate medical uses. Drugs in this list can come under production quotas, and telephone and refillable prescriptions are prohibited. The psychoactive drugs listed here include the opiates such as morphine and synthetic opiates such as methadone and Demeral, certain barbiturates of the short-acting type, methaqualone and amphetamines. Altogether over 1300 drug preparations are listed! Schedules III, IV and V list drugs with correspondingly less proven abuse potential. The widely used tranquilizers Librium and Valium are in Schedule IV — a classification the manufacturers have protested. Altogether over 3600 drug preparations are covered by these three schedules. The list is not static. On the basis of new evidence and accumulated experience, drugs are often being added to the list. And drugs already listed are sometimes moved to higher schedules, indicating greater proven abuse potential. The dual nature of drugs guarantees that the debate over their benefits versus hazards will continue for some time. The manufacturer's protest over Valium and Librium — cited above — is an example. Another is the furor over a report issued at the close of 1975 by the U.S. Food and Drug Ad­ ministration. A panel of experts studied nonprescription sleeping pills, relaxers and stimulants — all psychoactive drugs — over a three-year period. They found only one ingredient caffeine to be fully safe and effective for its intended use. The other 22 ingredients studied were considered to be ineffective, unsafe or in need of further study. Drug manufacturers protested the report. They accused the panel of scientific bias and omission of evidence of the safety and effectiveness of their preparations. Some drug experts, on the other hand, would demur the description of caffeine as "fully safe." They would prefer to say its effects and hazards are minimal when compared to the other drugs tested. The Psychoactive Drugs With this background in mind, let's examine the various categories of psychoactive drugs. Broadly speaking, they may be divided into five categories: 1) The Narcotics: Basically, this means the opiates: opium, morphine, heroin and codeine. There are also non-opiate, synthetic narcotics such as methadone and meperidine. The word "narcotic" is derived from the Greek word narkotikos — that which benumbs or dulls the senses. And this sums up the principal medicinal uses of narcotic drugs; they act primarily on the central nervous system to relieve pain and promote sedation and sleep. But narcotics also induce physical dependence — the likelihood of dependence varying with such factors as dose, route of administration (orally or intravenously), frequency and duration of use. Tolerance builds rapidly — but withdrawal symptoms, while unpleasant, are not fatal. 2) The Sedatives, Barbiturates and Hypnotic drugs: These drugs depress central nervous system activity. They are widely used to relax, relieve anxiety and bring about sleep. The most widely used sedative is alcohol, although it has a wide range of apparently contradictory effects. Medically, alcohol has long been prescribed as a tonic, a sedative and a soporific. But today that role has been largely taken over by the barbiturates, minor tranquilizers, and other sedatives and hypnotics. DRUG DEPENDENCE "Addiction" is a word often tossed around in discussions about drugs. An increasing number of authorities and agencies working with the drug problem believe it ought to be tossed out. The World Health Organization did just that in 1965 because it had become another much abused term relating to drugs. The WHO replaced "addiction" with the concepts of psychic and physical dependence to more accurately describe the complex factors involved between people and psychoactive drugs. Psychic dependence is a craving for the pleasurable mental effects produced by a drug, such as euphoria, elation, sedation, hallucinations, etc. But psychic dependence can involve more than just a "craving." Human beings are motivated by more than just the desire to "feel something good." They have higher psychic motivations: a need for self-esteem, identity, a sense of belonging, a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. As lsador Chein and associates pointed out in the classic work on heroin, The Road to H: "Involvement with the drug and the drug-using subculture gives them a sense of personal identity, a place in society, a commitment... a feeling of belonging to an in-group... a means of filling the void in. an otherwise empty life" (p. • 239). Withdrawal from a drug producing only psychic dependence has no specific physical symptoms of suffering. But it can result in a mild or serious depression so unpleasant that the person may continue using it to forestall a letdown. Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to the drug in such a way that 1) tolerance is built — larger and larger doses are needed to produce the same effect; but 2) if the drug is then withdrawn, pain and physical symptoms occur — nausea, sweating, convulsions, etc. Drugs producing psychic dependence — but no physical dependence — include cocaine, marijuana, hashish, amphetamines, LSD, psilocybin and mescaline. Drugs producing physical and psychic dependence include the opiates, barbiturates, non-barbiturate hypnotics, minor tranquilizers and alcohol. It is very rare for a person to become "hooked" on a drug the first time. Rather, drug dependence progresses from experimentation and occasional use to chronic and compulsive use over a period of weeks, months, or years — depending on the drug, the frequency, the dose, and many psychological and social factors. These drugs carry the risk of physical dependence, the potential varying from drug to drug. The use of barbiturate drugs can produce symptoms like those of alcohol drunkenness — nausea, loss of inhibitions, loss of coordination, violence, etc. The best-known symptom is the "hangover" experienced at times by even moderate users of these drugs. Convulsions, delirium tremens, and even death are among the risks habitual users face following abrupt withdrawal. Serious and even fatal injury to internal organs are among the. dangers they face if they continue their habit. 3) Central Nervous System stimulants (or CNS): The oldest CNS drug is cocaine, a drug extracted from the leaves of the South American coca plant. It stimulates the central nervous system, producing euphoria — that is, a sense of well-being. It still has medicinal uses, but like alcohol it has been largely replaced by synthetic cocaine-like drugs. The major synthetic stimulants are the amphetamines which have cocaine-like effects lasting longer than cocaine. Excessive doses of CNS drugs, especially if taken intravenously, produce hyperactivity, paranoid thinking, other psychotic thinking, and (sometimes) violent behavior. Both cocaine and amphetamines appear to induce psychic dependence in some people under some circumstances. Caffeine and nicotine are also stimulants, but their effects are not as dramatic. Nor do their health hazards become as quickly apparent when abused as is the case with cocaine and amphetamines. 4) Psychedelic or Hallucinogenic drugs: Scores of substances with widely varying chemical compositions are known to radically modify awareness and perception, but the psychedelic drug that comes immediately to mind to most people is LSD. Others include mescaline (derived from peyote, a cactus plant) and psilocybin (derived from mushrooms). (Marijuana is sometimes included in this category. It has a wide range of apparently contradictory effects, but hallucinations is not one of them. For these reasons an increasing number of drug experts put it in a class all by itself.) More than other psychoactive drugs, the effects of the hallucinogens depend on the expectations of the users, the setting in which they are used, etc. Tolerance for LSD builds rapidly, but no withdrawal syndrome has been reported. The effects are primarily psychological; the lethal dose of LSD is not known. Before millions of young people turned on, tuned in and dropped out with LSD, it was being used on occasion to treat psychological disorders. 5) Inhalants and Solvents: Nitrous oxide — "laughing gas" and ether first gained popularity as amusement; later they were adapted for surgical anesthesia. Organic solvents, such as gasoline, benzene, and related chemical substances, are deadly when inhaled for lengthy periods in unventilated areas. But brief inhalation can also produce many of the effects of alcohol intoxication and sometimes a hallucinogenic-like "trip." Just What Do You Mean... ? So much for the drugs. Now let's examine how drugs are used for fun and pleasure. But, here again, we come to an area where improper word use and inaccurate terminology often obscure understanding. This time the form of drug abuse involves the words "abuse," "use" and "tried." To illustrate the communication problem: A recent study reported in the media that "use" of marijuana among teenagers in America doubled between 1972 and 1974. But just exactly what did the media mean by "use"? Did it mean that twice as. many teenagers had "tried" marijuana at least once? Or twice? Or five or ten times? Or did "use" mean that twice as many teenagers were smoking pot on a regular basis? Most newspaper and magazine accounts of the survey didn't clarify what "use" meant. Even if they had, many people still would have misunderstood the facts. This is because they have private interpretations of words relating to drug use. Some automatically equate "drug use" with "drug addiction." Others read "drug use" to mean "drug abuse." And "tried" is translated to mean "regular user" or even "chronic user." These interpretations reflect the value judgments and opinions people have about drugs. This tendency to misread statistics and misuse words greatly disturbed the U.S. National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse. "The Commission has noted over the last two years that the public and press often employ drug abuse interchangeably with drug use. Indeed, many 'drug abuse experts,' including government officials, do so as well. "Drug abuse... creates an impression that all drug-using behavior falls in one of two clear-cut spheres: drug use which is good, safe, beneficial, and without social consequence; and drug 'abuse' which is bad, harmful, without benefit, and carrying high social cost.... The matter is much too complex to be handled in such a polarized fashion. The Commission urges that the public and its policy makers avoid such labels and focus instead on the relative risks and social consequences of various patterns of drug-taking behavior" (Drug Use in America, p. 11). Drug-Using Behavior The way drugs are used can be broken down into several categories: The most common type of drug-using behavior is experimental. Here people try drugs out of curiosity or group conformity. They try a drag once or twice — and that's it. Most illicit drug use by teenagers falls into this category. Then there is recreational use of psychoactive drugs. It occurs in social situations among friends or acquaintances. Recreational use may occur regularly, but does not usually get out of hand. A cocktail party for conservative, establishment types, and a weekend pot party for liberal counterculture people are two examples of recreational drug use. Circumstantial drug use occurs when the user takes a drug out of a need or desire to cope with a specific situation. For example, a student may take a stimulant to stay awake and cram for finals, or a woman recently widowed may take a sedative to cope with the grief and anxiety. Recreational and circumstantial drug use can lead to compulsive use where the user feels a psychological or physical need to take frequent and large doses of a drug. Drug taking dominates their life — they are slaves to it. The most conspicuous examples are alcoholics and heroin habitues. Less conspicuous, but no less serious, is the compulsive use of barbiturates and amphetamines. Finally, there is ritualistic use of drugs for spiritual and religious experiences. The psychedelic drugs are the most commonly used. The user may move into compulsive use, but more often they are able to handle the drug. Many "get their head together" and kick drugs totally, choosing instead non-chemical turn-ons and highs. "It Depends" Drugs and the drug user can be put iri.to neat — albeit not mutually exclusive — categories. But what happens when the drug and its user get together cannot be so easily categorized. "If you ask what effect marijuana or LSD or the amphetamines or any other psychoactive drug has, the only reasonably honest answer is 'it depends,' " states Dr. David E. Smith, founder of the Haight Ashbury Free Medical Clinic. "What it depends upon is the user's personality and environment and, to some extent, his previous drug experience. "Any pattern of drug use is a complex interaction between the chemical factor, the personality of the user and the environment in which lie takes the drug" (Major Modalities in the Treatment of Drug Abuse, p. 268). Too often, descriptions of drugged behavior concentrate on the pharmacological effects to the detriment of such factors as "set" and "setting." Set is a person's expectations of what a drug will do to him, considered in the context of his whole personality. Setting is the environment, the physical and social circumstances in which a drug is taken. Many drug users insist that the combined effects of "set" and "setting" can over — shadow the pharmacological effects of a drug, particularly the hallucinogenic drugs and marijuana. They say these two variables explain why the psychological effects of drugs differs from person to person and from time to time in the same person. Drug Hazards The most hazardous psychological effects of psychoactive drugs are toxic psychosis, true psychosis, and panic reactions. 1) Toxic psychosis is a nonspecific reaction of the brain to an overdose of anything that affects it. Toxic psychoses are temporary: they disappear when the toxin leaves the body. They are characterized by con­ fusions, disorientations and hallucinations, and it is almost always perceived as an unpleasant experience. 2) True psychosis is ari. impairment of psychological functioning that continues after all traces of the drug have left the body. Drugs can precipitate a psychotic reaction, but of and by themselves they don't cause psychoses. This distinction is important. Psychosis doesn't come pack­ aged in a marijuana joint or LSD tablet. Rather, people are variously susceptible to develop negative psychosis under stress and the influence of drugs. The problem is in the mind — the drug exposes or unleashes it. (It should be noted that no hard-and-fast line separates psychosis from non-psychosis. Mental stability and sanity can't be quantified, can't be measured in precise psychological equivalents to inches, feet, ounces, or pounds. The whole question of when someone becomes psychotic is quite involved and hotly debated.) 3) Panic reactions are the most common of the three. Any drug can trigger a panic reaction, but the panic doesn't seem to have much basis in pharmacology. That is, a panic reaction is not so much the effect of the drug, but, rather, the person's reaction to what he feels the drug is doing to him. It is also influenced by the environment in which the drug is taken. In other words, panic reactions are heavily influenced by "set" and "setting." Initial fears about the drug make the person interpret his perceptions to mean he is dying or (more commonly) losing his mind. Panic reactions, once they get going, can be self-perpetuating and can attain awesome intensity. But a skilled person who understands the nature of drugs can talk the panicking person down from his bad trip. Experienced drug users insist that with proper handling and training these three psychological hazards can be avoided. They emphasize that the user is the most important factor in determining the outcome — good or bad -of a drug trip. Even if a person can handle his drug experiences, he may still pay a price for his drug trip in the form of bodily harm or enslavement through tolerance and dependence. The price tag can be quite high. Remember, no drug is free of physiological effects. Unfortunately, the physical dangers of drugs have been distorted. A lot of "scientific evidence" has been propagated about drugs that could better be called science fiction. As a result, young people often disregard the dangers of drugs. All warnings are considered to be "scare tactics" even when they are accurate. The classic example of scientific fact versus fiction is the case of marijuana. MARIJUANA AND TOBACCO A STUDY IN HYSTERIA AND HYPOCRISY Sooner or later, every discussion about drugs comes to marijuana. And in this booklet it might as well be sooner, for "pot" is the most controversial psychoactive drug in use today. And the most misunderstood. As such, it offers an excellent example of the myths, misconceptions and double standards that plague the drug issue. Indian Hemp Marijuana is derived from the female plant of the weed Cannibisstaiva, commonly known as Indian Hemp. The term "marijuana" is often applied to the whole plant, but it properly refers to the flowering tops, stems and leaves. For thousands of years hemp has been cultivated for its fiber, which is used to make fine linen, canvas and rope. And for almost as long, man has realized that hemp has something more — it also contains an intoxicant that is now known as tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. When ingested or inhaled, THC produces a variety of changes in feelings and perceptions that down through history have de­ lighted its users and horrified its detractors. Cannibis can be consumed in many ways. It can be brewed as a tea, baked into cakes and cookies, and even used as a flavoring or seasoning in common foodstuffs. But the most widely practiced method of consuming cannibis is to smoke it. For this use three separate grades of marijuana product have been traditionally recognized: 1) Bhang — a weak preparation of leaves and flowering tops. It is roughly comparable to the marijuana grown and harvested in the United States and usually has a THC content of less than one percent. 2) Ganja — a stronger preparation that includes some of the potent resin as well as the leaves and flowering tops. It is roughly comparable to marijuana grown in Mexico and Jamaica; the THC content is usually around two percent to four percent or more depending on the mixture. 3) Charas the highly potent resin of the plant that is known in most countries as hashish. It contains five percent to 12 percent THC. Marijuana Through the Centuries This versatile plant, yielding both fiber and fun, has a long documented history. A Chinese treatise on pharmacology purporting to date from 2737 B.C. contains what is usually cited as the earliest reference to marijuana. The first reference to marijuana in India is found in the Atharva Veda (believed to date back to the second millennium B.C.). Another early reference (c. 650 B.C.) appears on certain cuneiform tablets unearthed in the Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, an Assyrian king. Herodotus, the Greek historian, wrote in the 5th century B.C. of the Scythians and other people using marijuana. So marijuana use was quite extensive in Asia and Asia Minor at a very early date. Hemp cultivation appeared in Europe before the rise of the Roman Empire, but it seems it was grown primarily for its fiber, though its intoxicating properties were not unknown. It spread to Africa long before Europeans settled and colonized the continent. In A.D. 1545, the Spaniards introduced hemp into Chile. The settlers of Jamestown, Virginia, brought hemp with them in 1611. Cannibis flourished as a major crop in North America until the Civil War — again, primarily for its fiber. George Washington grew hemp on his Mount Vernon plantation. Its decline in the second half of the nineteenth century was the result of economic factors-such as competition from cheap imported hemp — not controversy over its drug qualities. Not that hemp's potential as a drug was unknown or ignored in the United States; on the contrary, hemp was valued for its medicinal uses. "Between 1850 and 1937 marijuana was quite widely used in American medical practice for a wide range of conditions. The United States Pharmacopeid, which through the generations has maintained a highly selective listing of the country's most widely accepted drugs, admitted marijuana as a recognized medicine in 1850 under the name Extractum Cannabis, or Extract of Hemp..." (Illicit and Licit Drugs, p. 405). Cannibis at one time was recommended for a host of ailments such as neuralgia, rheumatism, tetanus, epidemic cholera, migraine headaches, mental depression and even insanity. Marijuana cigarettes were marketed as an asthma remedy (a use that modern research indicates may be valid). As medicine progressed in the 20th century , better means were found for treating a number of ailments for which marijuana had been prescribed. But until the 1930s the claim that marijuana had some therapeutic value was not seriously challenged in the United States. In short, cannibis was widely available in the United States from colonial times. It was primarily grown and used for fiber, less often for its therapeutic value, and infrequently for its intoxicating qualities. Cannibis Becomes Taboo In the second decade of the 20th century, the pattern of marijuana use in the United States shifted. While the medical use of the plant declined, the non-medical, or recreational use, increased. Mexican immigrants and West Indian sailors introduced the practice of smoking marijuana in the border and Gulf states. More opiate users began to smoke pot. Prohibition in the 20s may have also spurred an interest in marijuana as people took to bootleg liquor and experimented with other psychoactive drugs. But use of pot was never as widespread as it was to become in the 60s and 70s. But it became widespread enough to generate some hysterical headlines, sensational stories in the press and drastic legislation on the state and federal level. Pot became incorrectly labeled as a "narcotic" drug — which it is not ("narcotic" properly refers to the opiates) — and by 1937 every state had outlawed it. In that year Congress also adopted the Marijuana Tax Act which superimposed federal regulatory statutes over the state statutes. Pot was relegated to the list of illicit and, ergo, dangerous drugs. It was also dropped from the United States Pharmacopeia (although it is still listed in the British Pharmacopeia). "Not once during this entire period was any comprehensive scientific study undertaken in this country of marijuana or its effects. The drug was assumed to be a 'narcotic,' to render the user psychologically dependent, to provoke violent crime, and to cause insanity" (Marijuana: A Signal of Misunderstanding, p. 14). In fact, no medical testimony in favor of the antipot act was given in the 1937 Congressional hearings considering the legislation. The only physician to testify, representing the American Medical Association, actually opposed the bill because marijuana was considered a medicine in good standing. The only studies on marijuana prior to the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act were conducted outside the United States. The first was the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission Report (1894). The second, the Panama Canal Zone Military Investigation (1916-1929), was prompted by marijuana smoking among military personnel stationed there. While neither report gave pot a clean bill of health, they debunked certain myths — such as the claims that pot was addicting and produced unpremeditated crimes of violence. It was these myths that heavily influenced the passage of the statutes prohibiting the use of marijuana in the United States. In other words, marijuana was tried and convicted in 1937 of high crimes and misdemeanors against society and the body on flimsy, erroneous or nonexistent evidence. The stage was set for the great marijuana maelstrom that arose in the 60s and rages to this day. The War of the Weed When the great youth rebellion of the 60s erupted, the use of illicit drugs became one means of flouting "establishment" values and protesting the Vietnam war. Marijuana in particular came to symbolize the counterculture movement. It quickly became obvious that there was a tremendous gap between what pot really did and what parents and medical and law enforcement authorities said it did. The use of marijuana escalated from a debate over the purely medical issues to a hyper-emotional controversy filled with political and social implications. Parents and assorted "establishment" authorities told all kinds of horror stories — addiction, violent behavior, insanity — that young people from their own personal experiences knew to be fallacious. Credibility and generation gaps grew ever wider. Although its known risk to health was much less than had been established for alcohol and tobacco, extraordinarily harsh punishments were meted out for pot smoking. A minor might spend a night in jail if he was caught with liquor, but if he was busted for possessing pot he could get six months, two years even life imprisonment, depending upon the state. Pot stimulated a lot of adrenalin, slogans, epithets, demonstrations. and arrests. But it also stimulated a lot of research. As a result, we now know much more about marijuana than ten years ago. But by no means has the new research resolved the issue. A major problem is that the various research projects are sometimes conflicting or inconclusive in their findings. For example, one study will conclude that pot damages chromosomes, a second report will disagree, and a third report can't say one way or the other. Worse yet, every report is subjected to highly partisan interpretation. It seems that each side of the debate is so emotionally involved, and has staked so much — its life-style, its morality, its righteousness and superiority — on winning the debate that it pounces upon any evidence that vindicates its position while discounting, ignoring or ridiculing any evidence that doesn't. In any event, the jury in the retrial of pot for high crimes and misdemeanors has yet to render a final verdict. More research needs to be done, and is being done. What Pot Is and Does Marijuana is often classified as a hallucinogen — an LSD­ like drug — though, in fact, it is unique both chemically and in its effects on the mind. Hallucinations are not a common effect of marijuana, but (like alcohol hallucinations) a symptom of overdose. Marijuana's effects on the human mind are highly subjective and depend on a number of factors, including dose, potency, method of use, set and setting, tolerance and duration of use. Generally speaking, marijuana produces a free flow of thoughts, alters normal patterns of perception, intensifies sensuousness, relaxes and releases social inhibitions. Like alcohol, it does affect coordination and cognitive processes (thinking skills, linear logic), but unlike alcohol does not appear to cause brain damage in heavy doses. To a large degree, pleasurable use of marijuana is a learned technique. Many regular pot smokers will admit they didn't particularly enjoy their first experience with marijuana. (But they are quick to rhetorically ask: How many people enjoyed their first taste of tobacco, liquor or even coffee?) It all gets back to the fact that set and setting are all important in determining whether a person will ultimately have a good experience or a bad one. If a person has positive expectations about the weed and takes it in a pleasant atmosphere, he is more likely to enjoy the experience. But if he is afraid of being caught, or has moral compunctions, his trip may be unpleasant — it would be better for him to not try the drug at all. Low to moderate doses of the drug produce minimal side effects. Generally, pulse rate increases, the eyes redden, tear secretion is decreased, and there is dryness in the mouth and throat. Fact Versus Fiction Many of the horror stories told about pot are distortions of the facts or totally erroneous. Thus, contrary to common belief: 1) Pot does not necessarily or inevitably lead to harder drugs, particularly heroin. This stepping-stone theory has been discredited in study after study. "To say marijuana leads to any other drug avoids the real issue and reduces a complex set of variables to an oversimplified premise of cause and effect," concluded the U.S. National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse. "If any one statement can characterize why persons in the United States escalate their drug use pat­ terns... it is peer pressure. Indeed, if any drug is associated with the use of other drugs, including marijuana, it is tobacco, followed closely by alcohol. "The fact should be emphasized that the overwhelming majority of marijuana users do not progress to other drugs.... Only moderate and heavy use of marijuana is significantly associated with persistent use of other drugs" (ibid., pp. 87-88). 2) Pot doesn't cause violent or aggressive acts. "Rather than inducing violent or aggressive behavior... marijuana was usually found to inhibit the expression of aggressive impulses by pacifying the user, interfering with muscular coordination... and generally producing states of drowsiness, lethargy, timidity and passivity" (ibid., pp. 72-73). The British Cannibis report concluded that "the evidence of a link with violent crime is far stronger with alcohol than with the smoking of cannibis " (p. 13). 3) Heavy use of pot may exacerbate amotivational behavior, that is, to lethargy, laziness, indifference, but it doesn't cause it. "Heavy marijuana use is a convenient symptom for an amotivated person to add to his list [of amotivational pursuits].... If marijuana were the cause of amotivation, one would expect that amotivation could be cured by taking away the marijuana, but this is not the case. Therefore, it makes more sense to see amotivation as a cause of heavy marijuana smoking rather than the re­ verse" (The Natural Mind , p. 60). 4) Pot is not physically addicting and there are no withdrawal symptoms. However, there appears to be at least some psychological dependence among very heavy, long — time users. "In these users, withdrawal does induce symptoms characteristic of psychological dependence. The anxiety, restlessness, insomnia ,and other nonspecific symptoms of withdrawal are very similar in kind and intensity to those experienced by compulsive cigarette smokers" (ibid.). Among proponents of the drug, there are several misconceptions about the supposed benefits of pot. Chief among them is the idea that pot is some kind of aphrodisiac. There is no scientific evidence to substantiate the claim; if anything, there are scattered reports that heavy doses of pot may somewhat depress the libido. If marijuana does enhance the experience of sex for some, it is probably because that's what they expected from pot — again, the matter of set and setting. At the risk of being repetitive, it must be emphasized that people have highly individualized reactions to drugs and the matter of set and setting is very important. What people get out of pot depends on the environment in which it is taken and the expectations of the user. No Drug Is Totally Safe Though many fears about pot have been based upon fictions, that doesn't mean it is a completely safe, hazard-free drug. Any psychoactive drug is potentially harmful to the individual, depending on the intensity, frequency and duration of use. Marijuana is no exception. Some of the hazards have already been touched upon. Nov­ ice users, because of anxiety or conflict with conscience, may have an unpleasant experience. Heavy, long-time users may become psychologically dependent on pot. There is also some evidence that very heavy use over a pro­ longed period may lead to acute psychoses — but the rate of such incidence is certainly no higher than for alcohol. Among heavy users of pot no more than two percent of the pot-smoking population — evidence exists of damage to the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Some researchers believe that marijuana smoking may parallel tobacco smoking in terms of its long-term effects on the heart, lungs and circulatory systems. Pot smoking has been implicated by some researchers in diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart attacks. Unfortunately, isolating pot as the culprit has been difficult because most pot-smoking subjects suffering from these diseases also smoke cigarettes! The Interim Report of the Canadian Commission of Inquiry (1970) took note of pot's possible long-term hazards and recommended a cautious approach until more evidence accumulated. The first report of the U.S. National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse (1972) recommended "that intensive research be conducted on the carcinogenic properties of the components of marijuana smoke.... Further work should be conducted to analyze the effect of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function.... The relationship of marijuana smoking to cardiac diseases, particularly coronary artery disease, should be studied" (p. 174). The British Cannibis report (1968) drew the parallel between the experience with tobacco and marijuana, observing that "the danger that smoking may produce lung cancer was for a long while not apparent. It is not possible to say that long continued consumption, medically or for pleasure, of cannibis, or indeed of any other substance of which we have not yet had long experience, is free from possible danger" (p. 15). Thus, social policy has been to defer decriminalization of pot pending more evidence. From a scientific point of view, this is a prudent course, but from a social and moral point of view it is hypocrisy. For the parallel between marijuana and tobacco leads to the logical conclusion that society should have "delegalized" tobacco some time ago. There is no lack of evidence about tobacco's harm to the human body. It is a proven health hazard. In fact, a stronger medical case can be made against tobacco than pot. But tobacco has a non-medical factor going for it that pot lacks: widespread social acceptance. Tobacco Instantly Popular The tobacco weed is the New World's gift — or perhaps a better word is curse to the old. Columbus and other early explorers were amazed to meet Indians who carried rolls of dried leaves that they set afire and smoked. Sailors on these explorations tried this unusual mind-altering drug and liked it. More than like it, they came to crave it, and so carried tobacco leaves and seeds home with them, and included them in provisions for succeeding expeditions to other parts of the world. Within a few decades, the tobacco plant and habit had literally been spread around the world. Tobacco proved to be immediately popular wherever it was introduced — too popular, it seems, for many secular and religious authorities of the day. They considered it a strange, noxious weed, dangerous to public morals and health. Pope Urban VII issued a formal bull against tobacco in 1642, and Pope Innocent X issued another in. 1650. But in 1725, Benedict XIII annulled all edicts against tobacco because they had failed to dissuade laymen and clergy alike from using it and because the Pope himself had a penchant for snuff. Most of the states of Europe at one time or another prohibited tobacco. And Sultan Murad IV decreed the death penalty for smoking tobacco in Constantinople in 1633. But to no avail. Its use continued to spread. In the Ottoman Empire, even the fear of death could not overcome the craving for tobacco. "For thy sake, tobacco, I would do anything but die," wrote Charles Lamb in the 18th century. The Sultan found that many of his subjects were willing to risk that last step — as the chronicles of his savage slaughter of smokers testifies. More Than a Vice? No country that has ever taken to tobacco has ever given up the practice. And some re searchers say there is a good reason for this — the nicotine in tobacco becomes something tobacco users crave. Some have gone as far as to suggest that tobacco users can develop a dependence for the drug — psychic, at least, and maybe even physical. The nicotine-dependence syndrome of tobacco has been espoused by the Addiction Research Unit (ARU) of the Institute of Psychiatry (London, England) — a unit initially established to study heroin addiction. Further, the Royal College of Physicians reported in 1971 that "The smoking habit certainly conforms to the definition of drug dependence given by Paton: 'Drug dependence arises when, as a result of giving a drug, forces — physiological, biochemical, social or environmental — are set up which predispose to continue drug use'... . The remarkable spread of smoking throughout the world and the difficulty that most smokers find in abstaining suggests that the craving has a pharmacological basis" (Smoking and Health Now, p. 112). And, as many people who have tried to kick cigarettes know, there can be withdrawal symptoms: anxiety, nervousness, etc. But they are certainly mild and non-lethal compared to withdrawal from heroin or alcohol dependence. A Definite Health Hazard Its psychic dependence potential aside, nicotine remains an extremely dangerous drug for human consumption. "Nicotine is one of the most toxic drugs known and is usually thought of as a poison, being used as such in insecticide sprays and ranking with cyanide in rapidity of action" (The Pleasure Seekers, p. 155). In toxic doses it can cause death by paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Of course, the amount of nicotine in one cigarette is far below lethal levels. But it is enough to affect the central nervous and cardiac systems in ways detrimental to optimum health. And tobacco smoke has scores of other dangerous chemicals. Tobacco smoke is a mixture of gases and minute droplets in which nearly one thousand compounds have been identified. Some of the more hazardous include tar, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, benzene, formaldehyde and hydrogen sulphide. This potent combination of chemicals has been clearly demonstrated to be a major cause of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, lung and throat cancer, and heart disease — to name a few. "Cigarette smoking is now as important a cause of death as were the great epidemic diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and tuberculosis.... Holocaust [is] a reasonable word to de­ scribe the annual death toll [in Britain] of some 27,000 men and women aged 35-64 from the burning of tobacco" (Smoking and Health Now, p. 10). The American Lung Association estimates that at least 300,000 Americans die prematurely each year from the effects of smoking. Millions more live on with crippled lungs and over strained hearts. ... But Also a Big Business These are real horror stories based on exhaustive research. So where is the hysteria, the clamor for tight enforcement of anti-tobacco laws? Why aren't people who work for tobacco companies and advertising agencies harrassed, arrested and convicted for purveying and pushing a dangerous drug? Why isn't tobacco banned because it poses a threat to public health, a menace to our way of life? The reason is because tobacco is so much a part of our way of life. It has been around so long and is so popular it isn't even perceived by most people to be a drug. And there are vested interests in its use. Globally, it is a billion-dollar industry. It is a big cash crop in the United States, and its sale a big business and major source of tax revenue in many countries.. To be sure, there was an uproar when the Report of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health was published in 1964. There was a decline in smoking in the United States from 523.9 billion cigarettes in 1964 to 511.2 billion in 1965. Many people switched to filter-tipped cigarettes, pipes, snuff and chewing tobacco. These decreased the health hazards — but did not eliminate them. The drop in cigarette smoking was short-lived. In 1966, the number of cigarettes consumed rebounded to a new record, 528.7 billion, and has continued to grow ever since. Last year American smokers laid down $14 billion to smoke 559 billion cigarettes. Fortunately, there are some encouraging trends, Per capita consumption is down — slightly. And continued pressure by public health groups has led to a ban on television advertising in the United States and Great Britain. Tobacco companies in several countries are compelled to print warnings on packages and in ads about the health hazards of the product they are selling. In the United States, nonsmokers are pushing for a bill of rights to greatly restrict public smoking. And Sweden has undertaken the ambitious goal of eradicating smoking in a generation through a massive education program. Remove the Double Standard But a double standard still exists in terms of overall drug policy. The fact of the matter is, tobacco was tried and convicted of high crimes and misdemeanors against the human body-and got out on "parole" (a few restrictions on its promotion). The contrast with marijuana shows that, all too often, social policy is based upon how popular and acceptable a drug is — not upon the health hazards. Laws have been enacted on the basis of cultural prejudice and preference — not medical fact. Marijuana will continue to polarize and alienate teenagers and parents, the counterculture and the establishment, until it is considered in the context of the entire drug problem which includes tobacco. Parents must see their own drug problem if they are ever to understand the drug problems of their children. Society must face up to the problems and dangers of the drugs it allows, if it is ever to cope with the drugs it condemns. What Jesus Christ said about judging in general (see Matthew 7:1-5) could — with slight modification — be said of the pot issue: "Why do you see the reefer that is in your brother's mouth, but do not notice the cigarette that is in your own mouth? Or how can you say to your brother, 'Take that weed out of your mouth!' when there is a more dangerous weed in your own mouth? You hypocrite, first take the cigarette out of your own mouth, and then you will see clearly (no smoke in your eyes!) to take the reefer out of your brother's mouth." ALCOHOL - THE MOST POPULAR DRUG Alcohol is the most widely A used drug in the world. And by every standard of measure, it is also the number one drug problem. Because it is so much more widely used than all other psychoactive drugs, the damage done by its abuse is also far greater than the damage done by the abuse of all the illicit psychoactive drugs combined. In 1972, nearly 10 liters (2 2 / 3 U.S. gallons) of absolute alcohol were consumed per capita of drinking-age population in the United States. Canadians quaffed down almost 8lf2 liters per capita, and Britons nearly 7 liters. The French lead all peoples in absolute alcohol drunk with a per capita average of 22.6 liters! Alcohol is a big headache for many people — and for society as a whole. There are an estimated nine million alcoholics and problem drinkers in the United States. The ones on "skid row" represent only three to five percent of the total number of alcohol abusers. The other 95 percent plus have "skid row between the ears," but otherwise live and work at all levels of society. In terms of crime, enforcement of laws relating to alcohol represents a far greater problem than enforcement of the narcotic drug laws. In 1973, over 484,000 arrests were made for narcotic drug law violations in the United States. But nearly 654,000 arrests were made for driving under the influence of alcohol, over 1,189,000 arrests were made for drunkenness, and nearly 184,000 were made for other liquor law violations. That's over 2,000,000 arrests relating to alcohol — more than four times the number made for narcotic drug law violations! What is there about alcohol that makes it so popular — and so potentially dangerous? The exact alchemy of alcohol in the human body and mind is still unknown. Scientists still don't know how bio-chemically the drug works its magic and misery. But we know enough to be able to generalize the effects of alcohol in three respects: 1) mood altering and intoxicating properties; 2) buildup of tolerance and addiction; and 3) damage to human health. Alcohol and the Brain The observable effects of intoxication, such as slurred speech and unsteady gait, are caused by alcohol's effect on the areas of the brain that control them. The concentration of alcohol in the blood needed to affect the brain is lower than what would significantly affect other tissues. Alcohol is metabolized, or broken down and burned, by the body at a fairly constant rate. The drug accumulates in the body in ever greater concentrations when a person drinks at a faster rate than the body can metabolize it. Popular methods of sobering up, such as administering hot coffee or cold showers, don't really work, because they don't significantly speed up the metabolism to clear the bloodstream of the drug. The only real remedy for restoring sobriety is time. In a 150-pound man, alcohol is burned up at the rate of about one drink (containing % ounce of alcohol) per hour. That amounts to one shot of spirits, a glass of wine (5 oz.), or a pint of beer. Quaffing down liquor at this rate will result in little, if any, accumulation of alcohol in the blood — although there will be subtle changes in mood from the first. few sips. By the time alcohol concentration in the blood reaches.05 percent (the result of two drinks per hour), definite changes are usually noticeable. A person will feel more carefree as he is released from many of his ordinary anxieties and inhibitions. At a blood alcohol concentration of.10 percent, voluntary motor actions usually become clumsy. By.20 percent the drinker is staggering and stumbling, all emotional inhibitions are depressed, and he may easily become angry, or shout, or weep. At.40 percent to.50 percent, the drinker lapses into a coma. Higher levels will block the centers of the brain controlling breathing, causing death. The Hook: Tolerance and Addiction So much for the effects of one drinking binge. If that binge is followed by another, and then another — if a person consumes large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time — he will acquire what is called "tolerance." This means that higher and higher doses are required to produce the same effects. A heavy drinker may need up to three and four times as much alcohol as a moderate drinker to "unwind" or "get smashed." He can drink a fifth (or perhaps even a quart) of whiskey a day without gross signs of intoxication. Consequently, the heavy drinker may not perceive he has a problem at all. Since he is still able to hold his job and carry on a relatively intelligent conversation , he thinks he can handle his liquor. What he doesn't realize is that he can't stop handling his liquor — he can't do without alcohol. His increased tolerance has also led to increased dependence. He's hooked on alcohol — he's an alcoholic. Should an alcoholic abruptly "go on the wagon," he is likely to suffer far more than the hangover headache he experienced the first time he got drunk. The easy road back to sobriety has been blocked by withdrawal symptoms that are excruciating: nausea, profuse sweating, trembling, convulsions, and, in chronic cases, hallucinations and delirium tremens which can be fatal. The Plot Sickens: Health Devastated This is only the beginning of sorrows for the alcoholic. If heavy drinking persists for years, he will suffer inevitable and irreversible damage to his mind and body. He may suffer from any number of alcohol — related illnesses. And his resistance to disease in general will decline, so that he becomes a victim of illnesses not directly connected with alcoholism. Alcoholism has been implicated in several disorders of the brain, stomach, intestines and related organs. One of the most common is cirrhosis of the liver which afflicts about 10 percent of all alcoholics. Other afflictions include gastritis, gastric ulcers, chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. So far we have only discussed the bad effects of alcohol. There is a good side as well For one thing, over 90 percent of all drinkers are not alcoholics. And a report presented to the U.S. Congress in 1974 (titled "Alcohol and Health") advised : "There is no evidence that the moderate use of alcohol is harmful to health." In fact, according to Dr. Morris E. Chafetz, director of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: "Moderate drinkers, as a statistical group, live longer than abstainers or ex — drinkers." Chafetz further stated, during a White House seminar on alcoholism, that moderate drinkers had a lower rate of heart attacks 1md that moderate drinking "may be physically, psychologically, and socially beneficial to active and institutionalized older people." A Tale of Two Cultures Anyone looking at the twisted lives of alcoholics would conclude that alcohol, the substance of and by itself, is surely an evil thing. It is not alcohol, however, that is wrong, but the wrong use of it. This can be illustrated by comparing the drinking patterns of two countries — France and Italy. As mentioned before, the French consume by far the largest amount of alcohol per person per year: 22.6 liters (or 6 gallons) of absolute alcohol This is a 50 percent larger amount of absolute alcohol than that consumed by the second ranking nation, Italy. Many Frenchmen drink wine in the manner most of us drink water. Workmen often imbibe wine all day long, without serious social censure or visible side effects. The hidden toll is quite serious, however, as the French lead the world in deaths due to cirrhosis of the liver (328 deaths per million people per year), and have the highest alcoholic rate in the world-9.4 percent. Meanwhile, across the Alps,. the second-highest wine (and total alcohol) consumers in the world, the Italians, drink an average of 111 liters of wine per person per year, yet amazingly they have the lowest alcoholism rate in the Western world, 0.4 percent. Why is there this vast gap in alcoholism between the two largest alcohol consuming nations? Although virtually all Italians drink alcohol, very few of them drink outside the home. Four out of five (80 percent) drink only at mealtime and among family members. Drunkenness is frowned upon by church and family in Italy, whereas overdrinking is more socially acceptable (even considered "masculine") in France. DRYING OUT THE ALCOHOLIC Over half of all alcoholics who seek therapy can be helped. And successful treatment of alcoholism is not limited to just one program. This suggests that there is no one single cause of alcoholism. Human problems and personalities come in all sizes and kinds, and programs must be tailored to people, and not people to programs. Alcoholics Anonymous has developed one of the most successful programs for helping alcoholics. In AA members help each other maintain their sobriety and share their recovery experiences freely with anyone who has an alcohol-related problem. While AA has no formal religious dogma, most members rely on a spiritual approach. The program is summed up in the "Twelve Steps," which begin: "We admit we are powerless over alcohol — that our lives have become unmanageable." The second and third steps are to "Come to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity," and "make a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understand Him." AA recognizes that their own program is not effective with all alcoholics. Some persons respond better to other approaches such as individual or group therapy. Group therapy, in particular, is widely used because it brings together people who are suffering the same problem and hence understand each other ' s troubles and are able to see through the excuses and rationalizations that stand in the way of recovery. Another useful mode of treatment has been the establishment of therapeutic communities. Some, such as Synanon, offer a permanent home and way of life to the alcoholic who is not willing or able to stay sober in general society. Others are halfway houses which provide food, emotional support and advice for several weeks or months as the alcoholic recuperates and prepares to reenter society and lead a "dry" life in a "wet" world. Rehabilitation efforts have been frustrated by the moral stigma attached to alcoholism, as well as the tendency to treat it as a purely legal problem that can be corrected with more laws and stricter enforcement. However, more and more officials are becoming enlightened to the. true nature of alcoholism and are making provisions to send alcoholics to treatment centers instead of ]ails. The main influence on Italian moderation is the powerful family example. The influence of the Church is not of major importance , since other strongly Catholic nations (Ireland and France) have two of the highest alcoholism rates. American Attitude Ambivalent In the United States, unlike European and Third World societies, there is no one cultural or religious tradition governing alcohol consumption. Instead, we find a rather confusing melange of mores, ranging from the hard-drinking, hard-living "frontier mentality" to the Puritan prohibition of the Bible Belt. Countless ethnic groups within the American melting pot behave radically differently in their manner of initiating children to alcohol. On one extreme, the Irish American has an alcoholic rate two or three times the national average, which reflects the heavy drinking pattern in Ireland. Other ethnic groups drink as often, but avoid imbibing alcohol in any appreciable quantities. In some states, the majority abstain totally. For instance, in a Bible Belt state, such as Alabama, people consume just one fourth of the alcohol (per capita) that residents of California consume. Family Pattern The key to alcohol education in America — as in Italy and France — is cultural influences, particularly the example of the family. Most alcoholics are the children of alcoholics, while the children of parents who drink in moderation have only a two percent chance of becoming alcoholics. If parents are strict abstainers, however, their children's chances of alcoholism lie somewhere between 2 and 25 percent. If the children of abstainers don't themselves abstain, they tend to drink secretly, furtively, rebelliously, and more intemperately than children who are taught the right example of moderation. Abstainers have a hard time resisting a drink in such a heavily drinking society unless they are armea with home training in examples of moderation. In the wake of the latest wave of youth drinking, many parents have severely punished their children for drinking before age 18; or they have ignored the "OK addiction," thankful that their children were not on marijuana or harder drugs. Either extreme is wrong. The Jewish Example Jewish Americans have the highest percentage of drinkers in the United States, but the lowest percentage of alcoholism. In New York City, there are more Jews than in the nation of Israel, yet they comprise less than one percent of that city's alcoholics. Drinking is almost universal among the Jews, starting ceremonially, for males, on the eighth day oflife (circumcision) when wine is touched to the baby's lips. The habit of drinking continues on every weekly Sabbath, the holy days, weddings, funerals, and numerous other social and 'ceremonial occasions. This formula has all but eliminated alcoholism from among the Orthodox Jewish population. The Jews developed their "winning game" for avoiding alcoholism because their culture has been heavily mfluenced by the Bible. Alcohol and the Bible The Bible shows that alcohol can be an enjoyable amenity in life or a curse, depending on how it is used. Solomon wrote: "A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry" (Eccl. 10:19). And in Psalm 104, God is praised for making possible "wine that maketh glad the heart of man" (verse 15). But the Bible fully recognizes that it can be a source of grief as well as joy. Solomon also wrote: "Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise" (Prov. 20:1). Proverbs 23:29-32 is a warning to those who "tarry long" at wine. These scriptures point out the problems of excess drinking, but don't explicitly proscribe moderate drinking. Many New Testament scriptures approve of wine. As a matter of fact, Christ's first recorded miracle was to transform over 100 gallons of water into wine! (John 2:1-11). Some say that this was grape juice — but this argument finds no substantiation either in the original Greek or what we know about Jewish drinking customs in Christ's day. The same Greek word for "wine" in John 2 is used by Paul in Ephesians 5:18, where he exhorts: "And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess." (Can one get drunk on grape juice?) The Biblical instruction, then, is moderation. The Word of God recognizes both the benefits and the dangers in alcohol, and exhorts users to exercise the middle path of prudence and discipline. HEROIN-THE ENJOYMENT OF NEGATIVES Heroin is a semisynthetic derivation of opium. Opium, in turn, is the milky exudate of incised, unripe pods of the poppy Papaver Somniferum. Used in ancient Egypt as a medicine, it spread to Greece and Asia Minor. Arab traders carried it to India and China where it was used medicinally and for pleasure. In time, opium addiction became a serious problem in China. In the eighteenth century the Chinese government attempted to prohibit the importation, sale and use of opium. The British, however, were conducting a very lucrative trade in opium grown in India and sold in China. They opposed the ban and that led to the Opium War (1839-1842). Morphine, named after Morpheus, god of dreams, was isolated from opium in 1803. In addition to being used as a pain killer during the American Civil War, it was used in Hong Kong as a "cure" for opium addiction until it was discovered that morphine was even more addictive. In 1898 heroin was developed and marketed as a more potent analgesic than morphine and a highly effective cough suppressant. When it was discovered that heroin relieved morphine and opium withdrawal symptoms, it was touted as a "cure" for morphine addiction! Obviously, the true nature of all opiates was not realized in those days. Twelve years passed before medical authorities recognized that heroin was as addictive as morphine. Because of this naive understanding of opiates, no serious effort was made to regulate or prohibit their use until the early twentieth century (with the exception, as already noted, of China). As a result, during the nineteenth century, the United States, Great Britain, Canada and most other countries could quite properly have been described as a "dope — fiend's paradise." Dope Fiend's Paradise Opium, morphine and codeine were legally and conveniently on sale at low prices. Physicians dispensed them directly to patients; drugstores sold opiates over the counter without a prescription. Those who were unable or unwilling to patronize a local store could order opiates by mail. Hundreds of patent medicines containing opium or morphine were on the market. Most of the opium was legally imported by upright church-going businessmen, or homegrown by patriotic farmers. Morphine was prescribed for coughs, diarrhea (opiates are mildly constipating), dysentery, and a host of other afflictions. For a great majority of these conditions, morphine, if nothing else, was highly effective in calming the user. Doctors used it then the same way doctors use Librium and other tranquilizers and sedatives. Many users were women, as opiates were recommended for menstrual cramps and menopausal distress. In Britain, opiates (notably laudanum) were administered to quiet crying babies. And morphine — regarded as an effective, economical and less destructive substitute for alcohol — was used to treat alcoholism. By the end of the century, an estimated one in 400 Americans (mostly housewives) were addicted to opiates. Finally, in i914, the United States enacted the Harrison Narcotics Act placing heroin under federal taxing and regulatory powers. On paper, it only controlled — not prohibited — the marketing of opiates. But in fact it was interpreted to prevent doctors from administering opiates to drug — dependent persons. The results of the new law were apparent within a few weeks. Thousands of drug habitues flocked to hospitals and sanitariums. Sporadic acts of violence broke out as people desperately tried to. get their fix. A black market arose to fill the demand; prices soared. But the number of drug users didn't significantly decline. So in 1924 Congress tightened up the Harrison Act by prohibiting the import of heroin altogether, even for medical use. From then till now, the American approach has been to treat heroin dependence as a legal, rather than a medical or psychological problem. It has ignored the most basic principle of capitalist economics: demand determines supply, not vice versa. Every campaign waged against heroin has failed. Heroin remains a major social problem because the dependence that half a million or so users have is so compelling it overrides all concerns and risks — even the threat of arrest and incarceration. Nature of Heroin Use The drug is sought, valued, craved because of the euphoric "high" it produces. But this high is not exactly the enjoyment of a stirred-up, zestful state. The opiate high is a state of reduced awareness of all external sources of stress, whether it be pain or a personal problem. Opiates increase the sense of detachment from unpleasant experiences. Isidor Chein and associates have stated that heroin's primary attraction for its user is its ability to grant relief, provide an escape from distress and the problems and anxieties of life. "It is, in the main, an enjoyment of a Nirvana-like state unpreceded and unenriched by the pleasure of getting there. It is an enjoyment of negatives. Awareness of tension and distress is markedly reduced. Contact with reality diminishes.... Addicts feel 'out of this world' and content, as if all of their needs have been taken care of. Here, in 'the junkie paradise'... their bodies are satisfied and sated" (The Road to H , p. 232). But repeated use of heroin leads to withdrawal symptoms which are very unpleasant (but not fatal). The user continues his habit not only for the high, but to avoid the low. But tolerance also develops. Users must continually escalate their dosage to get the desired effect. This can become ultimately too expensive and impractical. Sooner or later the user reaches a plateau where, in the vernacular, he "can keep normal but can't get high." He has reached the point where he can avoid withdrawal symptoms — but he gets no kicks. He has two choices. Some users will level out their dosage, being content to forfeit the pleasure as long as they can also forego the pain. But most junkies will resort to a "free period" — they will withdraw from the drug, suffer withdrawal misery for a few weeks. This lowers their tolerance so they can recapture the high they valued so much at a far lower dosage. Their roller coaster drug ride then starts all over again. HEROIN HERESIES The popular view of narcotics is that they devastate the body as well as lead to dependence. In 1956 Dr. George H. Stevenson and his British Columbia associates exhaustively reviewed the medical literature on the subject. Their conclusion: "To our surprise we have not been able to locate even one scientific study on the proved harmful effects of addiction." Numerous studies since have confirmed the fact that heroin is not physiologically harmful. It doesn't destroy the brain, liver or other vital organs. The most noticeable side effect is constipation. Otherwise, as Dr. Vincent P. Dole of the Rockefeller University, a pioneer in methadone maintenance, put it: "Cigarette smoking is unquestionably more damaging to the human body than heroin." What is harmful about the drug is the user 's life-style. If an unsterile needle doesn't bring on hepatitis, the characteristic neglect of his health will take its toll. Malnutrition is ,a common debilitation among dope fiends, a by-product of the drug's suppression of hunger. And most of his money goes to support his habit, leaving little for his health. Even the idea of death by a "heroin overdose" is coming under question in some medical circles. There is a paucity of direct, reliable evidence that it is possible to fatally overdose with heroin. There are, however, recent studies indicating a remarkable resistance on the part of habitual users to overdose. Then what are habitual users of heroin dying from? Some believe that heroin can kill when taken in combination with other drugs such as alcohol. (Rock singer Janis Joplin officially died of "heroin overdose," but she also guzzled alcohol.) Also, dope fiends don't call the heroin sold on the street " junk " for nothing: it has been so "cut " or diluted with ersatz that it is five percent or less heroin and 95 percent quinine, milk sugar, mannite, and who knows what else. These adulterants separately or in combination with heroin may be the real cause of fatalities. Whatever the cause of death, heroin pronounces a life sentence of dependence. Even if it causes no organic damage, it remains a prison from which few are able to escape. The Problem Is People So far we have focused on the pharmacology of the drug. But it is important to realize that the drug is not the primary problem — it's only the symptom of other problems. "Many social planners, government leaders, and American citizens view the drug abuse problem as a simplistic, linear, cause-and­effect relationship," writes Dr. David Smith (with Dr. George Gay) in It's So Good , Don't Even Try It Once. "The bitter fact is that heroin dependence and other drug abuse patterns are merely the symptoms of a complex medical, psychological and social disease whose causes are interwoven with the very fabric of American society" (p.3). The primary problem is people. The U.S. National Com­ mission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse concluded that "The prevalence of high degrees of dependence seems to rest more in the nature of the soil than in the characteristics of the seed. The individual user, rather than the drug, is the core of the problem; compulsive drug use is generally thought to occur most frequently in emotionally unstable persons who have difficulty in coping with reality" (Drug Use in America, p. 141). Dr. Stephen Pittel describes heroin dependent people as "relatively immature, lack[ing] impulse control, and [they] are more or less incapable of maintaining intimate and enduring relationships, except perhaps to gratify their own narcissistic desires" (It's So Good, Don't Even Try It Once, p. 139). Isidor Chein and associates state: "One has to remember that, though mature in years, he [the drug user] has not yet successfully managed the developmental hurdles of infancy (the acquisition of what Erikson has called 'basic trust') and that, unlike the infant who has before him the task of achieving self-acceptance and trust in others, the addict is already carrying the psychic scars of his own failures and of the social world that has failed him" (The Road to H, p. 382). Multi-Modality Approach The reasons why a person has failed to develop the necessary psychological equipment to face life vary from user to user. Consequently, there is no one factor and no one approach that can successfully treat the problem. Dr. Jerome Jaffe emphasizes that because there are so many complex routes to heroin dependence, many different types of treatment modalities are necessary in a successful overall program. "Multi-modality programs not only have the advantage of providing patients a variety of treatment methods at the start, but also of being able to move patients easily from one treatment regimen to another when­ ever appropriate. Patients who do not succeed in one form of treatment have the alternative of entering another. Not surprisingly , multi-modality programs seem to have a higher retention rate than programs with only a single method of treatment" (Drug Use In America, p. 324). One modality has been the therapeutic community represented by Synanon, Phoenix House, Odyssey House, and others. Unfortunately, only the most motivated drug users seem to hang in and kick the habit. But even most of these seem to stay cured only as long as they remain in the community. There is a very high relapse rate for "graduates" who leave the sheltered, nurturing confines of therapeutic communities and try to live in the cruel, cold world. Another modality is methadone maintenance: the substitution of the synthetic opiate methadone for heroin. It assuages the craving for heroin and avoids the agonizing withdrawal symptoms. It creates what is known as cross­ tolerance: if a methadone user is tempted to use heroin, he finds that the methadone blocks the "high." Methadone can be taken orally (versus the usual intravenous route for heroin), and only one dose a day is needed for the user to live a fairly normal life. Critics of the program point out that with methadone the person merely switches drugs — he is still drug dependent. British System Then there is the British system. Appalled by the failure of the American approach — treating heroin usage as a legal problem — the British, in 1924, took another tact. The marketing of opiate drugs was regulated. But drug dependence was viewed as a medical problem, and hence doctors could legally treat patients by supplying the necessary opiate. "The results can best be described as magnificent," concluded the Consumer Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs. For decades, the number of drug dependent people has been proportionally only a tiny fraction of the American number. There was an upsurge of new addicts in the 60s, but it was "kid's stuff" compared to the corresponding increase experienced in the United States. It peaked in 1968 at 1,746 — compared to over 500,000 in the United States — and then declined. The British approach has also largely obviated the problem of the black market. At worst, only a moderate black market for opiates has ever existed. Anytime the price gets too high, the user can go to a clinic and get a low-priced fix. British narcotic users have not had to become thieves or prostitutes to finance their habits as have so many of their American counterparts. Many American experts say that is fine for the British, but it won't work in the United States because of different socioeconomic, cultural and ethnic conditions. It might stabilize the problem, but it won't cure it. Whatever approach is tried, the fact remains that less than five percent of all people who become dependent on opiates are able to kick the habit through therapy. The prognosis for the heroin — dependent person is not optimistic. Their death rate is over twice the normal average. This is due to the perilous life they must live to sustain their habit, and not the pharmacology of the drug itself (see box on page 48). Traditional treatment approaches have had a very low cure rate — five percent or less. Not that this means "once a junkie, always a junkie." Curiously, there is a phenomenon known as "maturing out." Around the age of 35-40 a number of addicts gradually slip out of the drug-dependent life. But many users are hooked on the drug till the day they die. Why do some "mature out" while others are fixed for life? Why are most treatment programs abysmal failures? We can't say. Obviously, more remains to be learned about the opiates. And more important, we need to better understand the opiate user. Until then, heroin will remain a vexing social problem. Heroin dependence is on the rise again. As one paper headlined the trend: "In War on Drugs, It's Back to the Trenches." UPPERS AND DOWNERS • THE HIDDEN DRUG PROBLEM According to the U.S. National Cornrnjssion on Marijuana and Drug Abuse: "Overuse of barbiturates is America's hidden drug problem, comparable perhaps to the scope of hidden opiate dependence around the turn of the century" (Drug Use in America, p. 220). Barbiturate production rose from 3.1 billion 300 mg. dosage units in 1967 to 5 billion in 1971 an increase of 30 percent. Over 500 tons of barbiturates were produced in the 'United States in 1971. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that 20 percent of these find their way into the illicit market. Over 2,500 barbiturate drugs have been synthesized; some 50 commercial brands are presently marketed, although, according to the American Medical Association, five or six types would suffice for most clinical purposes. "Dry Alcohol" Barbiturates depress the central nervous system. Their first medical use was to induce sleep, replacing alcohol, bromides, the opiates and other drugs. They are classified into three categories: 1) long-acting, which are slow in taking effect, but which produce a more profound and prolonged sleep because they are also slow in being metabolized and excreted; 2) short to intermediate acting, which effect the user sooner — and are more rapidly metabolized (they tend to eliminate the "barbiturate hangover" of the long — acting types and are used by people who have difficulty falling asleep, but once asleep, tend not to easily wake up); and 3) very fast-acting, which take effect within about ten minutes when injected, and last about 15 minutes (they are often used for short minor medical procedures). Barbiturate fiends seeking a quick effect almost always choose the third kind. Continued and excessive use of barbiturates results in many of the classic symptoms of alcohol intoxication: slurring of speech, staggering, loss of balance and quarrelsome disposition. For this reason, barbiturates are referred to as "dry alcohol." An alcoholic suffering an alcoholic hangover can find relief by taking barbiturates. Taking barbiturates with alcohol is a fairly common but potentially deadly combination known as "Geronimo" in the drug culture. The drugs in combination have a synergistic effect — they potentiate each other so that 1 + 1 = 5 (or 10 or even 20) instead of 2 in terms of impact on the central nervous system. Physical dependence doesn't develop with the dosages normally used in medical practice (100-200 mg. a day). But excessive use can lead to tolerance nd drug dependence. Withdrawal symptoms are similar to those of alcohol and are potentially fatal. The Methaqualone Myth Because of barbiturates hazards, drug companies have gone to great lengths to develop "safer" sedatives. One such substitute, methaqualone, made its appearance on the American and British drug market in 1965. The major selling point of the drug was its supposed non-barbiturate, nonaddicting qualities. It was touted to have all the advantages of sedative-hypnotic drugs and none of the disadvantages. You guessed ittheseclaims were quickly proved to be erroneous. A lot of methaqualone quickly made its way to the illicit drug market where it was taken for its mellow, disassociative "high" and intoxicating effects similar to alcohol. But users found that tolerance eventually developed and quitting the drug at that point led to withdrawal symptoms that included headaches, severe cramps, convulsions and stomach hemorrhaging. Despite the increasing evidence of the drug's dependence potential, as late as 1972 drug manufacturers claimed that it didn't produce psychic or physical dependence. Federal drug authorities have asked that the drug be placed in Schedule li of the Controlled Substances Act. The manufacturers have protested. The most widely used stimulant is caffeine. Hundreds of millions of "caffiends" gulp down tens of billions of doses of this psychoactive drug every year in the form of coffee, tea, cocoa and "cola" drinks. Caffeine is one of a class of chemicals known as xanthines. The xanthines (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline) can in varying degrees cause central nervous stimulation and cardiac stimulation; they also act as mild diuretics. One cup of coffee or tea contains the same amount of caffeine, about 100-150 milligrams. But tea has a greater stimulant effect since it also contains theophylline, a weaker stimulant. The major xanthine in cocoa, theobromine, has very little stimulant activity, but an averag(7 cup of cocoa contains about 50 milligrams of caffeine. There are also about 50 milligrams of caffeine in a 12-ounce size cola beverage. Heavy users of caffeine can develop tolerance, unpleasant side effects (such as nervousness, insomnia and irritability) and mild physical and psychic dependence leading to mild withdrawal symptoms and craving: The drug also increases the secretion of gastric acids, a matter of concern for those suffering from ulcers. "It does not seem to be true that coffee precipitates peptic ulcers," says Dr. Raymond Johnson of the National Naval Medical Center. "However, there is strong evidence that coffee aggravates some people who suffer from peptic ulcer distress." Caffeine enjoys wide use and acceptance today, but in times past it has been quite controversial. Like other psychoactive drugs, it was vilified and at times repressed. When it was first introduced into Egypt in the sixteenth century, it caused almost as much fuss as the marijuana issue does today. Sales were prohibited; contraband stocks were burned. And in the nineteenth century, one medical authority reported (exaggerated?) stories of coffee psychosis. He also claimed that "often coffee drinkers, finding the drug to be unpleasant, turn to other narcotics, of which opium and alcohol are most common." Turning to narcotics is probably the farthest thing from the minds of most people as they tipple a cup or two of their favorite brew. But they should be aware that they are indulging in a psychoactive drug. And like all drugs, it has potential health hazards if used to excess. Minor Tranquilizers a Major Problem The minor tranquilizers are taken to relieve anxiety, stress and tension. And apparently these emotional states must be widespread in modern life: minor tranquilizers account for over a third of prescriptions for psychoactive drugs (compared to 25 percent for barbiturates). Two of the most widely used minor tranquilizers are Librium and Valium; over four billion Librium and Valium pills were dispensed in 1973. Many minor tranquilizers, including Valium and Librium, can lead to tolerance and dependence. Valium and Librium also have been implicated in birth defects. The FDA has proposed they be sold with warnings against their use in the first three months of pregnancy. For these and other suspected health hazards, the federal government proposed that Librium and Valium be included in Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. The manufacturer has protested. Amphetamines — More Abuses Than Uses In contrast to barbiturates, amphetamines stimulate the central nervous system. In the form of pep pills they have been used occasionally by millions to stay awake or mask fatigue. Students take them to cram for tests the night before, and truck drivers to stay awake on long hauls. But sustained use of amphetamines to produce a continuous state of stimulation is overdrawing the account at the body's energy bank. Amphetamines don't supply energy, as does food; they mobilize adrenalin to tap the body's energy reserves. But these reserves are not inexhaustible, and pep pill users who are overdrawn may eventually have to pay up — with interest — in the form of undesirable physical and mental effects. For one thing, judgment and perception become impaired even though the person is wide awake. The truck driver may hallucinate on the road, causing an accident. The student may not be able to think correctly during the exam. And after the drug wears off, the users may experience severe depression and fatigue. THE COCAINE CAPER Psychoactive drugs come and go in cycles. If current reports are reliable, cocaine use is on the upswing; it has become the "in" drug. Cocaine, the active principal in the leaves of the coca bush (not to be confused with cocoa, from whence comes chocolate) is a potent central nervous system stimulant. The effect of a "snort" (cocaine is usually inhaled) is a quick, intense euphoria accompanied by a decrease in hunger and indifference to pain and fatigue. Sigmund Freud experimented with it and for a while touted it as an aid to fatigue, depression and withdrawal from morphine. "In my last severe depression I took coca again and a small dose lifted me to the heights in a wonderful fashion. I am just now busy collecting the literature for a song of praise to this magical substance, " he wrote his fiancee in 1883. His "Song of Praise," the first of his Cocaine Papers, was published in July 1884. It turned out to be premature. Cocaine doesn't seem to build significant tolerance. And it does not lead to physical dependence. But a strong psychic dependence can develop. As the drug wears off, the user often sinks from euphoria to profound depression; he is strongly motivated to repeat the dose and restore his euphoria. But repeated use of large doses produces a toxic psychosis in almost all its users. Also, prolonged sniffing results in deterioration of the lining of the nose and ultimately of the bone. The growing amount of adverse evidence and Freud's own observations and experiences led to the end of his rapturous relationship with the drug. He published his last defense of the drug in July 1887 and soon thereafter discontinued all use of it personally and professionally — he had to undergo three separate operations on his nose to repair damage to the nasal septum. But for 20 years thereafter, the coca plant was legal in the United States. It was widely used in pain killers, cola drinks-, laxatives, chocolates and in a coca wine. In 1906 the Pure Food and Drug Act killed the drug's open use. In 1914 it came under the strict regulation of the Harrison Act. Amphetamines also seem to depress the appetite center. They have been used in countless weight-reducing pills by millions of overweight persons, particularly women. At best, amphetamines are of short term value. Within six to eight weeks of even moderate use, tolerance builds up. The over­ weight person often raises the dosage — despite warnings on the package — to keep reducing. And it works — she continues to go without hunger pains. But now she may lose sleep. She may suffer delusions or paranoia, imagining all kinds of problems and personal offenses. Her husband may find her restless and irritable. Amphetamines don't induce physical dependence, so there are no painful withdrawal symptoms. But many women who discontinue amphetamines com­ plain of depression and fatigue so severe they may resort to amphetamines again. Because of its many undesirable effects, and because less dangerous substitutes had been found, doctors began to decrease their medical use of amphetamines at the very time teenagers were increasing their non-medical use. As Dr. George Edison testified before a Congressional committee in 1969: "The interesting thing is that in the last ten years the quantity of these drugs produced and consumed has proliferated, while the list of legitimate medical indications has shrunk. In my opinion, and in the opinion of a number of other physicians, the list of legitimate indications has now shrunk to virtually zero. During this same period of time there has been a tremendous growth in the illegal and casual use of amphetamines, strictly for their stimulant effect.. .." Dr. Edison was referring to the most sensational abusers of amphetamines: the "speed freaks" ("speed" is the drug culture argot for amphetamines, particularly methamphetamine) who reached epidemic numbers in the late sixties. By "mainlining" — injecting intravenously — the drug, speed freaks can experience a sudden "rush", or "flash" that has been described as a whole body orgasm. They also felt hyper-alert and full of energy. So intense is the experience, that many speed freaks engage in "speed runs" by injecting the drug for days at a time. During these runs, the freak doesn't feel like eating or sleeping. He is overactive, impulsive and may suffer from delusions, paranoia and hallucinations. He may become psychotic and engage in belligerent or violent behavior — he may even kill. Speed turned the hippie dream of utopian peace and love through drugs into a nightmare of violence and murder. After a few days or a week of speed running, the person be­ comes so exhausted that he must "crash." He will then sleep for 12 or more hours and awake with a ravenous appetite. No wonder, he may have lost a pound or more per day of his speed run. But the withdrawal syndrome also includes depression and apathy so severe he may re-inject to get out of his slump. He is psychologically trapped in a roller coaster drug — induced world of euphoric highs and agonizing lows. Speed freaks grabbed the most headlines, but they were outnumbered by the "straight" abusers of amphetamines — the dieting woman, the exhausted truck driver. "In the United States, compulsive use of amphetamines did occur among a highly vulnerable segment of the adolescent population during the middle and late 1960s, although the extent of this phenomenon was exaggerated at the time and has diminished rapidly since then. On the other hand, there is mushrooming evidence that large numbers of middle class adults, particularly women, have developed chronic using patterns of orally administered low dose stimulant preparations" ( Drug Abuse in America, p. 146). Because of the sensational abuse by teenagers, the federal government clamped down on domestic legal production of amphetamines. By 1973, legal production was only a tenth of what had been produced three years before. And because of an increased understanding of its health hazards in even moderate doses, amphetamines are no longer so widely or so freely used for losing weight or staying awake. They are primarily recommended now for narcolepsy (involuntary sleep) and in controlling hyperactive children (in whom they have the paradoxical effect of calming down). But the history of amphetamine usage remains as an object lesson of drug use. "Amphetamines provide one of the major ironies of the whole field of drug abuse," observed Dr. Edison. "We continue to insist that they are good drugs when used under medical supervision, but their greatest use turns out to be frivolous, illegal and highly destructive to the user." HALLUCINOGENS • BETTER LIVING THROUGH CHEMISTRY? The iast group of drugs we will examine were the first to be used in the psychoactive drug revolution — the hallucinogens. The most widely known and used is LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide), which is naturally derived from wheat ergot. Two other popular hallucinogens are mescaline (derived from peyote cactus) and psilocybin (derived from certain mushrooms). Many other substances of widely varying composition are known to have effects similar to that of LSD on the human mind. "Hallucinogen" is derived from the Latin word hallucinari, "to wander mentally." These drugs are also known as psychedelic drugs from the Greek psyche, "mind ," and delos,' 'visibly evident." Thus these drugs are mind-manifesting, consciousness-expanding. They introduce strange, or dramatically altered perceptions, sensory experiences, illusions, visions and subconscious material into the conscious mind. They expand mental experience beyond ordinary bounds. To an even greater extent than for other psychoactive drugs, the effects of these drugs vary with set, setting and the personality of the user. The psychedelic drugs don't cause physical dependence. But tolerance to LSD builds up very rapidly, so that for practical purposes it can't be used more than twice a week without losing much of its impact. This discourages long-term chronic use. No withdrawal symptom has been reported. LSD is longer acting (six to fourteen hours) and is considered 5000 times as potent as mescaline and 200 times as potent as psilocybin. It is said that one ounce of LSD will provide some 300,000 individual doses on the illicit market. The lethal dose of LSD is not known; no human fatalities have been recorded. "Hallucinogens have been part and parcel of man's cultural baggage for thousands of years," writes Peter T. Furst, professor of Anthropology at the State University of. New York. "Hallucinogenic or psychedelic plants have been of great significance in the ideology and religious practices of a wide variety of peoples the world over.... The native peoples of the New World, especially those of Middle and South America, alone utilized nearly a hundred different botanical species for their psychoactive properties" (Flesh of the Gods, p. viii). But hallucinogenic drugs were foreign to the masses in Western society. Until the 1960s there were only scattered reports of psychedelic drug use in Western culture — and then usually for scientific investigation. In the nineteenth century psychologists William James and Havelock Ellis wrote of their experimental use of hallucinogenic drugs. Author Aldous Huxley described his experience with peyote in 1953 in The Doors of Perception. LSD was first synthesized in 1938, but its hallucinogenic properties were not discovered until 1943 — and then by accident. For several years after­ wards it remained a drug in search of a use. Eventually it came to be used occasionally in psychotherapy, where it proved useful in treating alcoholism. But outside of laboratories and hospitals, few had heard of or used psychedelic drugs. Then Timothy Leary and Ken Kesey appeared on the drug scene. In 1962 Leary came under the scrutiny of the Federal Drug Administration and state officials in Massachusetts for experimenting with psychedelic drugs, and also advocating and personally using them for "nonscientific" reasons. The investigation received national publicity. In the spring of 1963, Leary was dismissed from Harvard, but he used the media's interest in the controversy to turn his firing into a cause celebre. Soon thereafter, Ken Kesey took up the gauntlet on the West Coast, proferring his "electric Kool-Aid acid test" — punch laced with LSD. In 1964 he and his merry pranksters took a bus trip (and a drug trip) across the United States. Kesey used LSD for fun and games. But Leary took the whole experience more seriously. In 1966 he founded the League of Spiritual Discovery, his own brand of mystical religion based upon the sacramental use of LSD, and of peyote and marijuana. He became the "High Priest," the chief apologist, and defender of the faith delivered through mind-altering drugs. He exhorted everyone — particularly youth — to "turn on, tune in, and drop out." Drugs became the alpha and omega, the means and the end, the pillar of fire and the golden calf of the youth revolution. The Modern Forbidden Fruit In many respects, the whole defug scene became a replay of the forbidden-fruit scene in the Garden of Eden. You know the story. "Did God say, 'You shall not eat of any tree of the garden'?" said the serpent (Satan) for openers. Every tree is all right to eat, replied Eve dutifully, except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which would be fatal. Then the serpent gave the come-on: "You will not die. For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil." It worked. "So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she also gave some to her husband, and he ate" (Gen. 3:1-7). The rest is history. The modern forbidden fruit for teenagers were the psychoactive drugs. Millions of them found the temptation to try them at least once to be irresistible. And they are truly a mixed bag of good and evil: all of them can be used for legitimate medical purposes — but they also can be used in ways that can destroy health and happiness. Many who have tried the harder drugs have surely died. Of course, our analogy with the tree is not complete. For this chemical tree of the knowledge of good and evil does not grow in a 20th-century Garden of Eden. It flourishes in a world that many believe is turning into a man-made hell. For man y people, psychoactive drugs are a means of pursuing paradises in the mind (or at least escaping a ho-hum or hapless existence). So the circumstances have changed — but people have not. What motivated Adam and Eve to try the forbidden fruit also motivates their descendants to try drugs. Fun — :A Neurological Necessity "It was a delight to the eyes" goes the official account. In other words, the tree was very pleasing to the senses. Likewise, psychoactive drugs can be a delight to the eyes — and the ears, and the nose, and the taste buds. They enhance, they alter, the stimuli coming to the brain from the five senses. These novel sensations and perceptions are considered to be fun, and they constitute one of the primary reasons people play with these chemicals. , It's a matter of Basic Psychology 101 that everybody likes to experience fun, joy and pleasure. We like to be entertained and amused. We like to experience new and pleasant sights, sounds and tastes. But "like" is not really the word. Pleasure, good times, enjoyable stimuli are more than superfluities or luxuries in life they are necessary to life itself. Considerable research indicates that stimulation through the five senses is one of the primary needs of higher orgamsms. Stimulus hunger is a basic motivation. Enjoyable stimuli are sought and preferred, but if only the unpleasant or uninteresting stimuli are available, the brain will settle for what it can get rather than shrivel up. The brain survives in such cases, but mental health suffers. That stimulus hunger is a compelling, life-sustaining need can be seen in the following experiments. Variety — The Very Stuff of life In one experiment, researchers analyzed the effect of boredom. College students were paid to don padding and blindfolds and lie on beds in isolated rooms so that sensory stimuli — sight, sound, touch — were reduced to a minimum. What remained was extremely monotonous. As time dragged on, students became irritable, restless, un able to concentrate. They talked to themselves, whistled, sang, recited poetry, counted numbers — anything to relieve the boredom. Eventually the boredom made it impossible for some to think, and they just let their minds drift. And to the surprise of researchers (they discounted the reports until they went through the test themselves), many of the students after long periods of isolation began to hallucinate. As Christopher Burney wrote in his account of his stay in solitary confinement: "Variety is not the spice of life; it is the very stuff of it." Of Rats and Men If the mind has an aversion to boredom, it turns on to abundant pleasurable stimuli. This was demonstrated in an experiment where scientists implanted electrodes into the pleasure centers of rats' brains. They placed the rats in test boxes that had a treadle. By pressing it, the rats received a very mild electrical shock to their brains. To get another stimulus, the treadle had to be released and pressed again. The rats "turned on" to the electric stimulus test — literally. They went into electrical ecstasy, stimulating themselves from 500 to 5000 times per hour. Some stimulated their brains more than 2000 times per hour for 24 consecutive hours! So rewarding was this stimulation that the rats forsook all external pleasures, food, water, sex, everything — to trip on the treadle. Human beings aren't rats. But at times they feel as if they are treated like rats, and they speak of dropping out of the "rat race." In the mid-sixties a lot of them — mostly teenagers — did just that. They turned on with the electric Kool-Aid acid test. And they turned on with other "electrodes" such as STP and speed. These drug binges often lasted for days — so new and powerful was the experience. In one instance, a young woman in Haight-Ashbury was reported to have taken 100 injections of speed in 24 hours. Speed trips lasting a week or longer were not uncommon. "Desired to Make Wise" Of course, human brains are much larger, human cognitive processes much more complex, than rat brains. People have higher and more varied needs and motivations. Man does not live by bread and circuses alone. He is also motivated by concerns for security, love, self — esteem, identity, self-fulfillment and a sense of meaning and purpose to his life. The most pampered, affluent generation in all human history said through drugs that the "good life" wasn't really so good, that all this progress and gadgetry was actually depriving people of these other basic needs. The youth movement in its early days was a volatile mixture of chemicals and ideology. Governments were oppressive, factories polluted, work was dehumanizing and meaningless, urban life was artificial and boring, and anybody over 30 was hypocritical and couldn't be trusted. The hippie-drug revolution was in many respects a vote of no-confidence in the "system" its morality, its methods, even its future. They had no use for "progress" that had brought man to the brink of nuclear suicide. Words like "alienation" and "turned off" were used until they became cliches falling upon the ears without impact or meaning. But these shopworn words still describe the essence of the problem. Thousands of teenagers used drugs to protest the world they lived in but didn't want to live with. But drugs were more than a negative protest. They were also viewed by many as a positive means of fulfilling deprived needs, of constructing new values and life-styles to supplant the old. For drugs did more than titillate and entertain. They could alter consciousness and change the way people thought and looked at the world and themselves. They could open up new vistas of understanding and knowledge. Drug users sought what William James called the "mystical consciousness" and Abraham Maslow called "peak experiences." "They are states of insight in to depths of truth unplumbed by the discursive intellect," wrote James in The Varieties of Religious Experience. "They are illuminations, revelations, full of significance and importance." In other words, like the tree in the midst of Eden, drugs were "to be desired to make one wise." Altered Consciousness "Consciousness" is one of those phenomena that occurs but is not easy to define. Very simply stated, it is the total mental configuration of a person, his perception of reality. It is the sum total of his thoughts, moods, perceptions — all the mental processes and modes of which he can be aware. Whatever consciousness is, many parents are sure they don't want it altered. Since the words "altered consciousness" are commonly used in connection with drugs, they suffer from guilt by association. Actually, the words are quite innocent, because altered consciousness is something all of us — whether we use drugs or not-experience every day! Sleep, drowsiness, daydreaming and meditation are all different states of consciousness. We shift back and forth through these states in the course of our daily activity. We can even chart some of these states with an electroencephalograph — an instrument that measures brain waves. Alpha waves are associated with states of rest; beta waves with alertness and attention; theta waves with dreaming. So altered consciousness is a common everyday occurrence. In addition, society condones — even encourages via commercials and advertisements — the deliberate alteration of consciousness by drugs! People take barbiturates to sleep, alcohol to relax, and amphetamines or caffeine (coffee) to stay awake. Parents who dread their children using mind-altering drugs such as pot may be using two or three mind-altering drugs themselves — all the while wondering what their kids see in drugs. What their children see are images and colors unlike any­ thing experienced in the usual states of consciousness or in the mild states of altered consciousness parents induce by means of over-the-counter drugs and alcohol. In these "higher" states of consciousness, spatial relationships and the sense of time are dramatically changed. Thinking becomes nonlinear and free flowing. Sensations ebb and flow in intensity. Dreams Become Nightmares Because drugs put things into a whole new perspective, it was deemed in the early days of the youth quake to be an excellent catalyst for revolutions, creativity, personal growth, mystical experiences — whatever the drug user's intellectual bag was. The psychedelic revolution operated under a simple syllogism: change the prevailing mode of consciousness and you change the world. The forerunner of the new age was the "summer of love" that took place in 1967 in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. Thousands of "flower children" blossomed for a few halcyon months of free love, good vibes, and plentiful drugs. But the summer of love quickly turned into a winter of discontent. One problem was that a lot of teenagers — were looking for a new thrill more than a new philosophy of life. While the "leaders" espoused new philosophies and ideologies, the masses indulged in sheer hedonism. But the major problem was that drugs carry no guarantees of good trips or new revelations. Many people who were inexperienced and apprehensive about drugs had anything but ideal experiences. Cases of toxic psychosis, perm anent psychoses and panic reactions were widely reported in the late 60s. And worse yet, drugs alter body chemistry as well as consciousness. As we have seen, no psychoactive drug is perfectly safe. None is free of potential health hazards. All have undesirable side effects. No matter how high the experience, sooner or later the drug user must come back to earth and experience the side effects and consequences of a particular drug. But the full dangers of drugs — particularly the harder drugs — weren't widely known then. Or they weren't believed since the information came from people over 30 who were just using nonfactual scare tactics. (That was true — to a point.) Even when the mounting death toll made believers out of skeptics, some continued to use them undeterred by the dangers. Some seemed determined to be chemical kamikazes. The Drug Illusion Those who took drugs for spiritual and philosophical reasons largely avoided the harder drugs and their hazards, preferring instead softer drugs such as LSD and marijuana. They were looking for new ways to live — not die. But a funny thing has happened over the years: Many of these seekers of truth and meaning have dropped drugs altogether! Why? Because they finally pierced the great illusion of drugs and came face to face with the reality: they didn't need drugs to enjoy life. They didn't even need them to explore their consciousness. That drugs are the best or the only way to explore consciousness is the greatest misconception held by many drug users. In truth, there are many ways of altering consciousness without drugs. Various esoteric disciplines have been demonstrating how for centuries. Bio — feedback has shown promise as a modern technique. Many people who have tried both drug and non-drug methods of consciousness alteration prefer the latter — no hassle with unpleasant distracting side effects during the experience and no post-letdowns or depressions afterwards. They discovered they were flying high in coach with drugs — when all along they could have gone first-class without them. "Practically every drug invented, from opium to LSD, has had its champions who insisted it actually heightened human potentiality," notes psychoanalyst Leslie Farber. "The objective evidence for their claims, however, has always been depressing." Dr. Robert S. DeRopp believes that "in the beginning, drugs by releasing certain energies in the body, touch off an inner fireworks display that is often fascinating and very beautiful. But the self — indulgent or lazy investigator who makes a habit of trying to set off such inner pyrotechnics will find that the show becomes less and less rewarding.... They can never, no matter how often they are taken, enable the investigator to change his level of being. Their continued use represents a form of spiritual burglary which carries its own penalty, an irreparable depletion of the substances needed for real inner work and a total loss of the individual's capacity to develop" (The Master Game, p. '48). Because of the health. hazards, and because a lot of idealistic users have gone on to other things, drugs are no longer sugarcoated with high expectations and naive ideology. But millions of teenagers are still taking them. A lot of teenage drug use is — always has been-experimental. But a significant minority continue to use drugs over and over for reasons other than because "it's the thing to do." For them, drugs stand in for whatever is missing in their lives, a buffer from whatever bothers them. Drugs provide stimulation when there is nothing else stimulating to do. They bring relief from the unpleasant stimuli of life — the problems and anxieties. They are a dramatic way to kill time — and maybe kill oneself if nothing else worth­ while shows up. The philosophy , the approach to life of many a drug abuser, is summed up in this conversation: Interviewer: "Why do you use drugs?" User: "Why not?" Interviewer: "How could someone convince you to stop? " User: "Show me something better." The Carrot or the Stick? "Basically, individuals do not stop using drugs until they discover 'something better,'" believes Dr. Allan Cohen, widely recognized expert on drug use. "The key to meeting problems of drug abuse is to focus on the 'something better' and maximize opportunities for experiencing satisfying non-chemical alternatives." Basic Psychology 101 again: The carrot will bring about more effective and longer — lasting change than the stick. People respond more constructively to positive inducements and rewards than to negative deterrents and punishments. Positive Alternatives Dr. Cohen has drawn up an alternatives model as a paradigm of how to deal with drug abuse. Dr. Cohen emphasizes that to offer an alternative to drug use is not synonymous with a substitute for drugs — it must be something more effective, more worthwhile than drugs for giving people real satisfaction and fulfillment. For example, if a person is motivated to use drugs for physical satisfaction or relaxation, he may be profitably directed toward physical activities — sports, dancing, hiking, carpentry. If he is seeking sensory stimulation, he may find more satisfying experiences with sensory awareness training, music, or developing an appreciation for the beauty of nature. The alternatives model 1s practical because it is based on the premise that there is no one cause and hence no one sure solution for everyone. It tailors programs to fit people, not people to conform to programs. It allows the person the freedom and opportunity to discover and develop his full potential. This approach works because it treats the drug problem for what it really is — a people problem. It shifts the focus from what drugs do to why people use them. As such, it is not only effective in getting people off drugs, but also in preventing them from getting started. And prevention the ultimate solution to drug abuse. But that will require a radical overhaul of our way of life. For the drug problem is more than a threat to our way of life — it is the tragic result. A society that offers "something better" than drugs is a society that will not be afflicted by drug abuse to the extent we find today. The continuing high level of drug abuse means that a lot of young people need — but don't have something better to do. Back in Eden there was a positive alternative to the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. That was the tree of life — symbolizing God's revelation, guidance and instruction. It was readily and freely available. But the original parents believed the original con artist rather than the Creator. That positive alternative is still available today. It enables man to satisfy his innate needs. It reveals his incredible human potential and how to realize it. It offers something better for a materialistic society that has belatedly discovered that "a man's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions" (Luke 12:15). It offers hope for a world facing nuclear suicide. For a glimpse of that alternative, write for our free booklet Why Were You Born? "[It] deserves to be stated in letters ten feet high [that] in order to realize his possibilities, man must believe in an open future; he must have a vision of something worth doing," wrote Colin Wilson in New Pathways of Psychology. Our free booklet provides that vision.

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Q: Cant find module even though its installed and can run I've looked into Python's speech recognition and it's working great so far. It offers a wide range of software, but I'll be using CMUSphinx, since it works offline. CMUSphinx is installed and working correctly when started through their own program cmupshinx_continous. But when trying to write my own Python-script, it cannot find the module speech_recognition. This is odd because when I run: python -m speech_recognition it works perfectly fine. But when I start my script: import speech_recognition as sr # obtain audio from the microphone r = sr.Recognizer() with sr.Microphone() as source: print("Say something!") audio = r.listen(source) # recognize speech using Sphinx try: print("Sphinx thinks you said " + r.recognize_sphinx(audio)) except sr.UnknownValueError: print("Sphinx could not understand audio") except sr.RequestError as e: print("Sphinx error; {0}".format(e)) I get the error message that the module: speech_recognition cannot be found. When using pip install SpeechRecognition I first used sudo pip install but when it didn't work I thought it might have been because I installed it in root. So I uninstalled it and used pip install --user SpeechRecognition instead to no avail. I also tried adding something with PYTHONPATH, but I have no idea what I tried to do. So right now I'm very stuck. Please keep in mind that I'm incredibly new to both Linux and Python. Any ideas on what I can try? A: Almost always when you can access a module from one point but not another (think of script/program, terminal/editor, ...) you have multiple python versions and only installed the module in one of them. In your case IDLE uses a different python version than you on the terminal. You have multiple possibilities: * *configure IDLE to use the version you use on the terminal *use the version that IDLE uses (and install all modules again) *don't use IDLE to run your scripts, instead use python myscript.py You mentioned that IDLE is python3, normally in the terminal python is python2. You can try python --version to show which version of python you use. python3 might be the python you use in IDLE, the pip would probably be pip3. Because the library does support python3 I would advise to use python3 instead of python2. IDLE unfortunately isn't that great of an editor, I recommend something else like notepad++, pycharm, vim or emacs. A: It looks like the package is installed in some other version of python. Try typing sudo python -m pip install SpeechRecognition It worked for me. If not the best thing to do would be: * *Go to the repo *Clone it *Install it Try the first method before moving on.

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The leather is very nice, stitched together with very good craftsmanship. I very much like handling it, and since you do that many times a day the high quality feel really makes a difference to the cheaper feeling case I had before! I'm still breaking in the leather of the case, but with 3 cards and a few folded bills, the case doesn't close completely. Maybe if the leather part which folds was half a millimeter longer it would fold perfectly. I'll try to stretch the leather by hand to accomplish this. Also the the card holders were too narrow, but by sliding an card in and out repeatedly made the glueing go off enough to comfortably use the card holders as expected.

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"Kayla has taken my engagement pictures, my sons first birthday cake smash, and his Easter pictures. Every time I see the pictures I am blown away by her natural gift. A good camera is not all that is needed to be a great photographer, there is a natural skill that also needs to be there, and Kayla has that natural ability. She will be photographing my wedding in June and I am beyond thrilled to have her. I recommend Kayla to all of my friends and family!" "Having Kayla as our doula for the birth of our baby was a great decision. It allowed me, as the husband and soon to be dad, to be there emotionally for my wife while not having to worry about all the technical aspects of birth and on the spot, uniformed decision making (and quite frankly, I had no idea what I was doing!). Kayla was our rock through the entire process, pregnancy to labor to birth, and never left us wondering what's next... always with a smile on her face." "Our first professional photographs as a family were taken by Kayla. We were not sure exactly what we wanted other than wanting the pictures to be taken in an outdoor setting. When we contacted Kayla she immediately understood what we were looking for and suggested a location that was perfect for our family. She was so personable and very patient with our active toddler. When we saw the pictures we were beyond thrilled with the way they turned out. I now find myself looking for reasons to have her take our pictures. I would definitely recommend Labor of Love Family Services to everyone!" "As a first time mom, I had no idea what to expect going through my pregnancy, labor and birth. I had a goal to achieve the birth I had always dreamed about and I knew I could not do it alone. Enter Kayla. Through the various meetings we set up a plan and she helped me gain the confidence I needed to be a superstar through the birth and have it the way I wanted. The time finally came to meet our son and we ended up having to detour from our plan after labor did not progress... and boy did I need Kayla's advice, knowledge and emotional support then! Having a doula (and specifically Kayla as our doula) was a great decision and what I needed to have a positive and beautiful birth experience. We've already pre-booked her for our next birth!"

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La prima stagione della serie televisiva Why Women Kill, composta da 10 episodi, viene distribuita su CBS All Access dal 15 agosto al 17 ottobre 2019. In Italia la stagione è inedita. Murder Means Never Having to Say You're Sorry Diretto da: Marc Webb Scritto da: Marc Cherry 1963 Rob e Beth Ann Stanton si trasferiscono nella loro dimora Pasadena dopo la morte della figlia. Dopo aver incontrato Leo e Sheila Mosconi, Beth Ann parla con Sheila, che le dice che Leo ha visto Rob baciare una cameriera. Beth Ann rifiuta di credere all'infedeltà di suo marito finché non vede Rob baciare la cameriera con i suoi occhi. Su consiglio di Sheila, Beth Ann va al ristorante per confrontarsi con la cameriera, che apprende si chiama April. Tuttavia, Beth Ann perde il coraggio e fa amicizia con April, sebbene mantenga la sua identità segreta. 1984 Simone Grove viene a conoscenza dell'omosessualità di suo marito quando trova le foto di Karl che bacia un uomo. Simone chiede a Karl di andarsene, ma lui tenta invece di suicidarsi per overdose di pillole. Dopo il tradimento Simone riceve delle advances da Tommy Harte, figlio dell'amica Naomi, che però rifiuta. Tommy, però afferma che a differenza degli uomini che ha sposato, lui è innamorato di lei. 2019 Taylor Harding porta una ragazza di nome Jade a casa a vivere con lei e suo marito Eli, dopo che Jade è stata minacciata da uno stalker. Inizialmente Eli si oppone alla permanenza di un amante della coppia nella loro dimora, ma alla fine accetta di permettere a Jade di rimanere quando si ritrova attratto da lei. I'd Like to Kill Ya, But I Just Washed my Hair Diretto da: Marc Webb Scritto da: Austin Guzman 1963 Beth Ann parla con April di come a volte i mariti possano annoiarsi delle loro mogli. Per rendere Rob più interessato al loro matrimonio, Beth Ann si rifà, ma a Rob non sembra importare. Quindi cerca di eccitare Rob cenando con lui mentre è nuda, ma il capo di Rob si presenta nella loro dimora e si ritrova accidentalmente a guardare il corpo nudo di Beth Ann. Sheila dà a Beth Ann un manuale sul sesso per provare ad eccitare Rob, ma quando fa una delle posizioni, Rob esce dalla doccia e va in ospedale. 1984 Tommy continua ad inseguire la sua passione per Simone, e dopo che quest'ultima nega di fare sesso con lui per la seconda volta, alla fine cede e fa sesso con lui dopo aver trovato una collezione di sonniferi, indicando che Karl abbia simulato il suo tentativo di suicidio e che si sia preso solo uno o due sonniferi. Scopre anche che la sua amica sapeva che Karl la tradiva da almeno un anno, ma non che sia omosessuale. 2019 Eli suggerisce di voler avere un rapporto a tre con Jade e Taylor dopo essere entrato nella vasca idromassaggio con loro mentre era nudo. Dopo che Taylor rimprovera Eli, lui le suggerisce di avere un rapporto a tre con Jade. Anche Jade vuole avere questo rapporto e dopo aver ascoltato la conversazione, fanno sesso sotto la doccia. Dopo l'orgasmo di Eli per primo, Jade e Taylor continuano, ma dopo aver visto che le due rimanevano lì a lungo, Eli le va a controllare. Dopo averle trovate sdraiate e con Taylor che guardava profondamente negli occhi di Jade, Eli diventa furioso dopo aver pensato che Taylor stesse provando veri sentimenti romantici per Jade. Note Why Women Kill

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Jenna Bush Hager on Feminism, Dad's Painting, and the Obama Girls FIRST DAUGHTER The former first daughter to George W. Bush and current Today show correspondent sat down at SXSW to talk the 'F' word, online bullying, and Jeb's 2016 run (not really). Marlow Stern Senior Entertainment Editor Updated Apr. 14, 2017 11:55AM ET / Published Mar. 20, 2015 6:04AM ET Bob Daemmrich/Corbis We live in strange, schadenfreude-heavy times. An epoch when a harmless tweet about a college basketball team can lead to threats of rape and corporal violence against a famous actress, or an idiotic pro football player can sexually harass an underage first daughter via Instagram. While Jenna Bush Hager was spared the hypercritical lens of social media during her formative years, she knows a thing or two about scrutiny. Hager, 33, is the daughter of former President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush, and granddaughter to former president George H.W. Bush. She even warned her father not to run for president in 2000, fearing the effect it would have on her and her family. Since her father's presidency, she's worked with UNICEF, as a part-time charter school teacher, and currently serves as both the editor-at-large for Southern Living magazine, as well as a Today show correspondent. At the 2015 edition of SXSW, Hager sat on a panel called "Gender in Media" as part of Neiman Marcus's "Make Some Noise" sessions at the Austin festival—aiming to, they say, "Celebrate bold women with bold voices." After her discussion, she sat down with The Daily Beast. One of the topics of the "Gender in Media" panel you participated on today was the word "feminism," and why that's become a loaded term in recent years. There is nothing wrong with the word "feminism." Anyone that's for women—which I am, as a woman, as the mother of a little girl, and as someone who's worked with women all over the world, what's wrong with supporting women? There's nothing wrong with that. I would say I'm a feminist, and a proud one. Right. I think the issue is the lack of education. All feminism really means is that you believe in equal rights for men and women. Period. But I think, for whatever reason, the word gives some narrow-minded men visions of bra-burning women. My husband is proud that I'm a strong, working mother. And he understands that, as the mom, even though I've been gone for the entire week and I travel like crazy, that I have an equal partner, and you listen to people like Sheryl Sandberg talk about how you can "lean in," but can have a strong man who's OK with being an equal partner. I think he's proud that I'm representing women, that I'm working, and that I'm a feminist. And as a father of a little girl, he too is one, because who wouldn't want the same for their little girl? And there's this situation right now with Ashley Judd, where she posted a fairly innocuous tweet about an opposing team—she's a huge Kentucky Wildcats basketball fan, of course—and then was called a "whore" and received tons of rape threats over Twitter. There's a ton of strange vitriol online, and most of it seems to be aimed at women. Yeah. I think technology does some important things, connecting people all over the world and allowing people to tell their stories, but at the same time, there's an issue with online bullies—people that have this mask of technology, and nobody knows who they are. Last night, I was with some people and we said, "The last thing I would pay attention to would be the mean tweets," because what's the point? It's something we're going to have to navigate. It's bad for people like Ashley Judd, but what about high school students, or middle school students who are being bullied online? That's what really worries me, because I have a young daughter—people who don't have as strong a voice as she does. So in the next couple of years, we're going to have to navigate how we can use social media and technology to tell great stories, and to hush the meanness that it creates. I'm sure you've had to deal with harassment more than most, since you were forced to live a big chunk of your life under a huge microscope as a first daughter. What were some of the toughest things you endured during that period? Well, the good thing is that there wasn't social media. I was raised in a way where friends, family, and the people that know you are what matters. They're the ones who know who you really are, and can put you in check when you misbehave. I feel lucky that I can push out the negative noise, because I've always been taught that people who are saying hateful things don't know you at all. Were there specific incidents you recall though during those eight years as first daughter where you felt like you were being mistreated? We see some of this now with the strange nontroversy over the Obama daughters' photos ending up on Instagram, and of course there were the terrible things Rush Limbaugh said about Chelsea Clinton. There is an awful history of people—really, men—treating first daughters terribly. There is. Barbara and I are both unbelievably protective of Sasha and Malia, and of course Chelsea as well, because we realize that none of us ran for this job, and all of our parents want to protect their girls because we didn't ask to be put in the spotlight. And we think [Sasha and Malia] are doing an incredible job. And now, eight years later, I'm sure there were things, but I was in college and starting my career, which everybody knows are pretty selfish times in your life. I was focusing on my journey at the time, which made it a little bit easier. Plus, the benefits far outweigh the negatives. I got to travel with my parents several times to Africa and witness the unveiling of PEPFAR, and I got to meet incredible authors, activists, and heroes of mine. And you did get to make out on the roof of the White House. Yes, exactly. [Laughs] You know, you may have another family member running for president in 2016, which may potentially put the family under the spotlight again. Ah, yeah. I honestly have no idea! Let's talk about your dad's whole painting thing he's got going on. A lot of people are fascinated and confused by this development. He was not interested in art even the least bit. My mom, sister, and I love art and love going to see exhibits, and he read an essay that Winston Churchill wrote called "Painting as a Pastime," and obviously when you leave a job as large as the President of the United States, even though he still works, you have a lot of time on your hands. He needed something to make his life more full, so it's bizarre that painting was that thing! But he's actually really good! He spends a lot of time doing it, but it's very interesting, and he loves it. Is there a portrait of you by dad hanging somewhere in your place? He hasn't painted me yet! I'm going to call him up right after this and ask! He's painted my daughter a lot. He's painted six paintings of her. And he's painted my cat, my dog, and some landscapes. But I don't know if I'd like that portrait… I'd be like, "Hey… I'm skinnier than that dad!" Where do you lean politically? I would say that one thing people don't know about my parents, or wouldn't assume about my parents—and I'm not sure why that is, but I get this sense—is that Barbara and I have been pretty vocal about certain issues where we may agree with them, like PEPFAR, and others which we may not. Something they did that I feel so appreciative of is they really wanted us to be curious, independent thinkers who have their own opinions. That's sort of hard for people to believe. Because my parents are in politics, people want to assume that our politics are just like theirs. I don't know why that is. But one thing I really appreciated about their parenting is they wanted us to have our own beliefs and be our own people, and I hope I can be like that too.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaCommonCrawl'}

The Children's Science Center Lab is even more fun when you are part of a scheduled Field Trip! Your students can explore science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts through fun, engaging hands-on exhibits and activities. Our STEM Educators will facilitate hands-on activities with the assistance of your chaperones. Our team will also assist with check-in/out and rotating your group through our Lab Experience Zones. Admission $11 per student or chaperone. Free admission is included for teachers. Deposit $100 or 20% of total, whichever is greater, non-refundable deposit. Balance due on or before arrival. Notes • Large classes may require multiple visits, consisting of a subgroup of students to accommodate the entire class. • Lab memberships cannot be used for field trips. • Chaperones are not permitted to bring siblings on the field trip. • The Children's Science Center Lab may limit a field trip's size when scheduled during peak visitation times, such as school holidays. • Other times may be considered on special request. Reminder Your Field Trip request is not confirmed until a Children's Science Center team member confirms your date and your deposit is received. Please read our Program Policies and Consumer Agreement. Questions? Email fieldtrips@childsci.org or call 703-648-3130.

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One of a kind Single Ended 71a At .75 watts (or 750 milliwatts!) of power, the archaic 71a is about as low power as it goes in hifi, and represents the outer fringes of single ended amplification. The only power tubes with similar low output that I know of would be the 1626, made famous in the "Darling" circuit. This is the ugliest amplifier that I have owned, but one of the best sounding within its limitations, and overall is one of my top 3 favorite amplifiers so far and one of the few I have really regretted letting go. When I owned it, this is the one that was running more than half the time in my rig. The bass is not going to rock the neighbors here, even on super efficient speakers, but the tone and warmth is superb and much like its bigger brother the 45, but with a slight bit of something added that makes it more smooth, maybe a bit more rounded. It takes quite a while to warm up and arrive at its sweet spot, sounding best after being on for an hour or more. The details and nuances presented here are difficult to appreciate during the daytime when there is so much ambient noise, but later in the evening this is the amplifier that I choose over all of the others. This amplifier has a headphone section (maybe the only 71a headphone amp on the planet?) and also incorporates a tube regulated power supply, featuring a 6BH3 rectifier, an OD3 regulator, and a 6KD6 that is being used as a constant current draw. The output transformers are from a Zenith single ended console amplifier, likely late 50's or early 60's, and the 71a tubes are driven by a pair of ancient mesh pate 37. The 71a pictured here are early Tungsol and sound fantastic. Farther down the amp is pictured with a fine set of Arcturus tubes with the classic blue glass; a nice marketing touch from the early 1930s. One of the best things about the 71a tubes are their prices. The fact is there is just not much demand for these tubes, unlike say its bigger brothers the 45 or 2a3. A nice testing pair of 1920's globe 71a can be had for well under $100, less than the price of a single low-end Chinese 300b. And sounding as good as it does, that makes it such a great place to be. Be warned though that these require the highest efficiency speaker to fully appreciate. If anyone viewing this page knows who made this amplifier, please send me an email. I'd love to know more about the amp and the person who created it. There's something about mesh tubes that are really appealing. I think it's safe to say that we'll never see modern production mesh plate 37 tubes again. These beauties date to the 1930s. The regulated power supply is an unusual feature of this amplifier. Several transformers or chokes are in the power supply as well. The beautiful blue Arcturus tubes really make this amplifier look cool! One of the great pleasures of owning gear like this is the opportunity to use tubes made so long ago. My grandmother was a girl when these rolled off the line! How many electronic components being made today will still be treasured in 2090?

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package com.binkery.app.filemanager.widget; import android.content.Context; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.widget.RelativeLayout; public class VideoItemView extends RelativeLayout{ public VideoItemView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); } public VideoItemView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } public VideoItemView(Context context) { super(context); } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(0, widthMeasureSpec), getDefaultSize(0, heightMeasureSpec)); int width = getMeasuredWidth(); int height = getMeasuredWidth(); widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY); super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); } }

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IP: play.dungeonrealms.net Players online: Notice Notices. Announcement. A plank is a common Construction item and is used in several quests. It is made of normal. Apr 20, 2017 Runecraft is a gameplay modification for Bukkit that adds magic to the Most vanilla minecraft blocks may be used in the construction of runes. Minecraft Tools and Downloads, World of Minecraft Game Client. Fly, Speed, No-cip, hack with Map Dump and Screenshot. Textures, Server tools, Skins. Apr 12, 2017 The Minecraft RuneCraft (Magic mod with cool rune blocks!) Mod was contributed by RexRaptor. https://i.imgur.com/pRRP2Gw.png This mod. I've removed the version information from the title-- for any actual progress reports, check the bukkit page: bukkit.or.gins/runecraft. Runecraft is a gameplay modification for SMP, that adds magic to the game without any commands. Runecraft is the longest running Minecraft mod, dating back. List of arcade video games; List of best-selling video games; List of best-selling video game franchises; List of highest-grossing arcade games; List of video games. Feb 5, 2013 Runecraft is a gameplay modification for SMP, that adds magic to the game without any commands. Runecraft is the longest running Minecraft. This wiki is unsupported by the mod's developers. Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. Minecraft servers top list, join our topsite and advertise your server on Minecraft category for free to get more players. What's Runecraft? The oldest Minecraft server mod still around, the first pattern- based fully serverside magic system started back in 2010 which requires. Minecraft mods, tools and modifications uploaded and updated by Minecrafters. Modifications can change everythign about Minecraft. Share your Minecraft. As many of you have noticed, Matecraft has started hosting it's own modpack on CurseForge called Equinox. This pack if all goes according to plan will hopefully. 31 Games Like RuneScape. Our collection of games like RuneScape has many great free and online (browser) fantasy alternatives for fans of the MMORPG scene. Pickaxes (often abbreviated as picks) are used to mine any type of ore in Gielinor. Pickaxes. Runecraft - The magic mod for Bukkit! Runecraft adds magic spells to the game which are triggered by block patterns called runes. It let's you create teleporter. Vote for our Minecraft server! Vote for us below and earn up to 0 per day of in-game cash and Tokens of Appreciation. Search and Find the best Minecraft Servers using our multiplayer Minecraft Server List. Vote for Top Minecraft Servers. Survival, Creative or in between. This article is about the raw potato. For the cooked potato, see Baked Potato. For the poisonous potato, see Poisonous Potato.

{'redpajama_set_name': 'RedPajamaC4'}

Professional translations from English to Spanish and Catalan. Official sworn translations from English to Catalan. After my Major in Translation and Interpreting Studies (English, German, French, Spanish and Catalan), I have worked for more than 10 years in International Relations and Development and Interculturality in Higher Education. I have specialized in writing content and translating texts and speeches in those fields, plus culture, arts, social sciences and anthropology. I specialize in translations from English to my mother languages: Spanish and Catalan. Translations in music and cultural industry: Chano Domínguez and LKY Records. Translations for Higher Education: European Projects, agreements, academic programs, etc. Permanent collaboration with translations agencies.

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Our Golden Week holiday is April 28 (Sun)-May 5 (Sun). The newsletter "Yokayo!" has been added. We will exhibit at the IJT 2019 30th International Jewelry Exhibition. Happy New Year. We look forward to your continued support for the Shin-ei-Shokai this year. Shin-Ei Shokai aims to be a company that creates and supplies beautiful and valuable products based on the absolute trust and sincerity that we have built. We share dreams and pride with our customer. COPYRIGHT © 2019 SHIN-EI-SHOP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Taliesin and the Mockers Vernon Watkins images by Glenys Cour A poem by Vernon Watkins with an afterword by Gwen Watkins In his commendation, written to be printed in this book, Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, says that the intensely disciplined beauty of Vernon Watkins poetry is one of the still largely undiscovered treasures of twentieth century British literature. For Katherine Raine, Watkins was a singer born. He saw how light is woven out of the darkness, life out of death, to perfect a whole greater than either. This beautiful poem (redolent of the Genesis creation story) has long been a favourite of the artist Glenys Cour who, with her sculptor husband, Ronald, was part of the famous group in Swansea that included Vernon Watkins and his close friend Dylan Thomas. Her richly powerful collage images help to make a journey through this large format book an extraordinary experience. She is, still today, a near neighbour in Swansea of Gwen Watkins who has given so much kind encouragement to the project and, in the Afterword, has written compellingly about her husband's life and work. Special Edition The book itself is housed in a drop back box with an image on the front. Within the book, on every image-page, the artist has made additions by hand in gold which, as admirers of her paintings will know, is one of her trademarks along with the colour ultramarine, which also plays a key role in this production. Editions & Inscriptions Copies of the Main Edition are Numbered and signed by Gwen Watkins and Glenys Cour. Copies of the Special Edition are Lettered A-Z and signed by Gwen Watkins and Glenys Cour. Editions & Availability 225 copies were printed of the Main Edition and copies are available to buy at £240 each. Only 26 copies were printed of the Special Edition and copies are available to purchase at £395 each. Purchase Enquiry If you would like to purchase this book, please contact us, letting us know which edition you are interested in and your address. Collage Printed from Photopolymer Plates

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2000 Years Of Christs Power Part Two V 2 - 2,000 Years of Christ's Power, Part Two (v. 2) by Nicholas R. Needham (2000-09-01) Tapa blanda – 1656. de Nicholas R. Needham (Autor) Ver los 2 formatos y ediciones Ocultar otros formatos y ediciones. Precio Amazon Nuevo desde Usado desde Tapa blanda. It often took two years for the bricks to reach the Fort, which is one reason that many brickmakers sprung up in later decades.. (See Micah 5:2). About 25 AD (about 2000 years ago) Jesus begins His ministry. Jesus is about 30 years old when he begins his ministry. He preaches, delivers prophecies and performs miracles. He announces that he is the Messiah (the Christ) who was promised by the prophets of the Old Testament.. Millions of people are familiar with the story of Jesus, but few could place the events of his life, as recorded in the New Testament, into the larger context of world history. Uniquely filling this gap, Charles Frazee's Two Thousand Years Ago offers an absorbing, unprecedented survey of peoples and events around the world at the time of Jesus.. MESSIAH'S JUBILEE – part two – revised April 22, 2017. Yeshua of Nazareth means many contradictory things to millions of people – ranging from ardent believers and dedicated social activists to devout skeptics and off-kilter conspiracy theorists.. May 23, 2018 · Posts about False Messiahs and False Christs written by Jeremiah J Jameson. End Times Prophecy Report. The Bible has been warning Christians of false prophets for the last 2000 years. So how can men believe false prophets after all of the warnings? PART TWO. The central call of discipleship is found in the two verses that are called "the Great Commission." Jesus not only Taught His Disciples what they should Hear and How they should Live, Jesus let them observe His Awesome Power did Christianity grow into the world's greatest religion with more than 2.2 Billion people over the span of. trade and architechture. STUDY. Two years later it bribed Mughal officials into giving the Company zamindari rights over three villages. One of these was Kalikata, which later grew About 2000 years ago, Christianity emerged in West Asia. Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, which was then part of the Roman empire.. Be Part of the Family. If you've never contacted us before, we'd like to welcome you to the Grace to You family with a copy of John's book None Other. Learn more. Stand With Us. Help Grace to You bring important resources like this to people in your community and beyond, free of charge.. Atop a van in Tokyo, Jesus Matayoshi delivers a fiery sermon as part of his campaign for a seat in the House of Councillors, instructing opponents to commit suicide and threatening hellfire upon. How can we know that Christ's return is near? (Part 6) Therefore, the possibility exists that some of these Israelite nations will be part of the European power bloc so that they will participate in fighting against the UK and the USA, as well as the State of Israel. (compare Matthew 24:32-33). Some speak of twenty or thirty years. • Christ Returns in Power and Glory. The world will see the Son of Man Coming on the clouds of heaven, destroying the nations of the world which came in defiance against Him (Matt. 24:30-31; Acts 1:11; Revelation 19:11-21; Zech. 14:4,5). The Scripture reveals events leading up to Christ's Second Coming in Power and Glory.. The Cycles of History. Leda; A sudden blow: the great wings beating still Above the staggering girl, her thighs caressed Since it affects the poetry more obviously and more directly than almost any other part of the Of particular importance within his treatment of the historical process are the cycles of roughly four thousand years, two. "Star Of Bethlehem" Visible on June 30th for the First Time in 2,000 Years. On June 30th, Jupiter and Venus merged into what is known as a super-star. The conjunction of these two planets has been building throughout the month of June and the result will be a dazzling bright spectacular on June 30th.. The Truth About Jesus is he a Myth? by M. M. Mangasarian PART II. A Response to Michael Coughlin (Part II): Why Do We Use Graphic ... A Response to Michael Coughlin (Part II): Why Do We Use Graphic Images?

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Home→Uncategorized→temperature in monrovia, liberia temperature in monrovia, liberia Monrovia, Liberia January average sea temperature. Download free climate data … June is in the summer in Monrovia and is typically the 4th coldest month of the year. Considering humidity, temperatures feel hot all year with a very low chance of rain throughout the year. Check the Monrovia Climate Guide before you Book Your Next Holiday. When the water is cold, fish are lethargic and inactive, and the same happens if the water is too hot. Monrovia / m ə n ˈ r oʊ v i ə / is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia.Located on the Atlantic Coast at Cape Mesurado, Monrovia had a population of 1,010,970 as of the 2008 census.With 29% of the total population of Liberia, Monrovia is the country's most populous city. Average day temperature . You can take a bath at these temperatures. Whole year UV Index table for Monrovia ☀ Water Temperature in localities in Monrovia Weather phenomena recorded in previous years in Monrovia ☃ Long-term 30 day weather forecast for Monrovia ☔ Monrovia month-by-month travel guide to weather conditions and best times to visit. Temperature, precipitation, pressure, humidity, dew point, cloud, sunrise, sunset and moonrise, moonset, interactive meteogram. Monthly Weather Statistics including for Temperature, Rainfall and Sunshine to Monrovia, Liberia. Weather in Monrovia Temperature. There is significant rainfall in most months of the year. Monrovia's weather seems like it has a humidity of 74%. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. Travelers should monitor NPHIL and the Ministry of Health on-line sites for changes to the departure policy. Climate change maximum temperature data over Monrovia (Liberia) as simulated by 29 climate models from 1951 to 2100 with (RCP4.5) and without (RCP8.5) climate change mitigation policy (Ref: maximum temperature monrovia liberia). Today's and tonight's Monrovia, Liberia weather forecast, weather conditions and Doppler radar from The Weather Channel and Weather.com ... All the times are generated in local time in Liberia. The area is less temperate than some — in the 34th percentile for pleasant weather — compared to tourist destinations worldwide. Water temperature plays an important role in the behavior of fish. Long-term weather forecast Monrovia from 11/27/ to 12/01/ - the highest temperature over the day 27 to 28 °C, the lowest temperature at night 25 °C. Add Liberia to my favorites! February is in the winter in Monrovia and is typically the 4th warmest month of the year. For comparison: London 11 °C, NYC 12 °C, LA 17.9 °C Warmest month: March (26.9 °C) Coldest month: July (24.4 °C) The maximum water temperature in Monrovia is 29 °C. Climate and weather averages in Monrovia, Liberia Average Day and Night Temperature in Monrovia . Monrovia is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). In Monrovia, the average low-temperature is 20°C (68°F). Monrovia Weather December Averages, Liberia. Monrovia Weather in November - Temperature, Rainfall & Sunshine. On August 8, the National Public Health Institute of Liberia (NPHIL) published a COVID-19 testing requirement for travelers departing Liberia but the information was removed on August 10. Providing a local hourly Monrovia weather forecast of rain, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. Best time to visit Monrovia, Liberia. For Monrovia in January the daily average maximum temperatures is 31°C with the average minimum 22°C, while in June the average maximum is 29°C with a minimum of 23°C. Météo d'aujourd'hui dans votre ville par TV5Monde. Windfinder specializes in wind, waves, tides and weather reports & forecasts for wind related sports like kitesurfing, windsurfing, surfing, sailing or paragliding. The temperature normals are measured in the period 1961–1990. The annual average temperature in Monrovia is 25.7 °C. The daytime temperature is going to reach 29 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 26 °c at night. Sea Surface Temperature in Liberia. weather nearby, interaktive map. This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water. Weather Monrovia, Liberia. The annual rainfall is 4540 mm | 178.7 inch. Location: Liberia Event: Liberia has confirmed COVID-19 within its borders. Monrovia, Montserrado, Liberia: Live Weather Today: Overall Weather: Temperature: Pressure: Light Intensity Drizzle: 75.224: 1011 hPa: Wind Speed: Wind Direction 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1012 mb. Cost of Living » Africa » Liberia » Monrovia » Neighborhoods in Monrovia. Weather Monrovia, Liberia. Football: Antoinette Tubman Stadium, Liberia The 7 day weather forecast summary for Monrovia: Reviewing the forecast for Monrovia Over the next 7 days and the average daytime maximum temperature will be around 30°C, with a high for the week of … The average surface water temperature in Monrovia is essentially constant during June, remaining within 1°F of 82°F throughout. Find resort. Temperature In Monrovia, the average high-temperature is relatively the same as in July - a still moderately hot 29°C (84.2°F). The wettest month for Monrovia is June with an average of 388.2mm of precipitation falling while the driest month is February with 31.7mm falling. Average Daily Precipitation in Monrovia, mm Cost of living and prices in Monrovia . No Hand-Washing, Spotty Temperature-Taking At Liberia's Airport : Goats and Soda The Ebola screening of airline passengers departing from Monrovia was not operating like a well-oiled machine Monday. Regions of the country: Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Maryland, Montserrado, River Cess ... 28.5 o C. Robertsport (Liberia) 28.9 o C. Harper (Liberia) 27.8 o C. Buchanan (Liberia) 28.4 o C. Monrovia (Liberia) 28.6 o C. The warmest sea in the country. Average night temperature . The warmest sea in Monrovia in August is 27°C/81°F, and the coldest sea temperature in … The average water temperature in Monrovia today is -. Months with water temperature of at least 21 °C (adequate for beach vacation): Max temperature: Average max daily (24h) temperature per month Minimum temperature: Average minimum daily (24h) temperature per month Average temperature: Average daily (24h) temperature per month. Crowdsourced neighborhood map of Monrovia to see where to live, navigate the tourist traps, discover the hip and fashionable areas and see where the business and university districts are. Weather forecast for 10 days Monrovia (from 11/26/ to 11/30/) - the highest temperature over the day 27 to 28 °C, the lowest temperature at night 25 °C. Overall, it feels like it's a Hot and Warm climate and you should definitely consider wearing some Light clothes. The water temperature is between 28°C and 31°C. Average temperatures in Monrovia vary very little. ... Monrovia Liberia. Monrovia sea surface temperature in summer To get an accurate forecast for the water temperature in Monrovia for any chosen month, compare two years within a 10 year range using the chart below. The Long-range 12 day forecast also includes detail for Monrovia weather today. Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Monrovia, Montserrado, Liberia. Statistics The wind statistics are based on real observations from the weather station at Liberia. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 56% of the sky, the humidity will be around 80%. Weekly weather forecast Monrovia - from 11/21/ to 11/25/: the highest temperature over the day 27 to 28 °C, the lowest temperature at night 25 °C. Températures et prévisions météorologiques à 6 jours. Daytime maximum temperatures average around a steamy 30°C (85°F), whilst at night 22°C (71°F) is normal. The climate in Monrovia during February can be summarized as hot, humid and reasonably dry. This is the wind, wave and weather statistics for Liberia in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Know the sea water temperature in Monrovia and the hourly evolution for the next few days Tides4fishing cookies are used to personalise content and ads, save your … Check How Hot & Sunny It Is Before You Book Your Next Holiday in 2020 to Monrovia, Liberia Marine / ocean climate data updated daily, surface sea temperatures and recorded in degrees centigrade and farenheit. Bookmark this location to check the time and temperature with forecast and current weather conditions in Monrovia, Liberia before making travel plans for a hotel or flight to Monrovia, Liberia Whether is it rainy or sunny, chilly or warm, you'll know before you pick up your phone. The best time to visit Monrovia in Liberia is from january until may and december, when you will have a warm temperature and limited till mediocre rainfall.The highest average temperature in Monrovia is 30°C in january and the lowest is 26°C in august. Live weather reports from Monrovia weather stations and weather warnings that include … The best time and weather to travel to Monrovia 2020. Travel weather and climate description. The last month of the summer, August, is another warm month in Monrovia, Liberia, with average temperature fluctuating between 20°C (68°F) and 29°C (84.2°F). Quel temps fait-il à Monrovia,(LIBERIA) le 12/11/2020 ? The warmest day over the next 25 days weather in Monrovia is forecast to be Friday 9th October 2020 at 31°C (88°F) and the warmest night on Thursday 1st October 2020 at 25°C (77°F). The average temperature in Monrovia is 25.7 °C | 78.3 °F. Weather forecast from yr.no. Fri 04/12 This location is classified as Am by Köppen and Geiger. High Temperature 31 °C 88 °F; Low Temperature 24 °C 75 °F; Chance Of Sunny Day 23 %; Chance Of Rain 9 %; Chance Of Cloudy Day 3 % Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day, commute, and weekend! The average temperature over the next 25 days in Monrovia from this forecast is 29°C (84°F) . Monrovia, Liberia visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Monrovia, CA. The minimum temperature for the day in Monrovia is going to be 30 °c and the maximum is going to be 30 °c. Monrovia has a tropical climate. Les … Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day, commute, and weekend! The climate in Monrovia during June can be summarized as hot, humid and very wet. Daytime maximum temperatures average around a steamy 32°C (90°F), whilst at night 21°C (70°F) is normal. Napoleon Prestige 500 Rsib, Mini Edc Knife, Mental Models: Aligning Design Strategy With Human Behavior, Sofia The First Uke Chords, Transplant Anesthesia Salary, Font Similar To Optima Bold, temperature in monrovia, liberia — No Comments

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Staple Hill is the name of three places in England: Staple Hill, Somerset, a 315 m ridge in the Blackdown Hills largely within Staple Fitzpaine Staple Hill, South Gloucestershire, suburb of Bristol with ward status, and small hill Staple Hill, Chobham Common, Chobham, Surrey, a hill

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L'ambassade de France au Soudan est la représentation diplomatique de la République française auprès de la république du Soudan. Elle est située à Khartoum, la capitale du pays, et son ambassadrice est, depuis 2021, Raja Rabia. Ambassade L'ambassade est située à Khartoum. Elle accueille aussi une section consulaire. Histoire Ambassadeurs de France au Soudan Relations diplomatiques Consulat Communauté française Au , 251 Français sont inscrits sur les registres consulaires au Soudan. Circonscriptions électorales Depuis la loi du réformant la représentation des Français établis hors de France avec la mise en place de conseils consulaires au sein des missions diplomatiques, les ressortissants français d'une circonscription recouvrant l'Éthiopie, le Soudan et le Soudan du Sud élisent pour six ans un conseiller consulaire. Ce dernier a trois rôles : il est un élu de proximité pour les Français de l'étranger ; il appartient à l'une des quinze circonscriptions qui élisent en leur sein les membres de l'Assemblée des Français de l'étranger ; il intègre le collège électoral qui élit les sénateurs représentant les Français établis hors de France. Pour l'élection à l'Assemblée des Français de l'étranger, le Soudan appartenait jusqu'en 2014 à la circonscription électorale du Caire, comprenant aussi l'Égypte et le Soudan du Sud, et désignant deux sièges. Le Soudan appartient désormais à la circonscription électorale « Afrique centrale, australe et orientale » dont le chef-lieu est Libreville et qui désigne cinq de ses 37 conseillers consulaires pour siéger parmi les 90 membres de l'Assemblée des Français de l'étranger. Pour l'élection des députés des Français de l'étranger, le Soudan dépend de la . Voir aussi Articles connexes Ministère des Affaires étrangères Représentations diplomatiques de la France Liens externes Ambassade de France au Soudan Ministère français des Affaires étrangères Références Soudan France Relations entre la France et le Soudan

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Book Bus Tickets From Ahmednagar To Tumsar Home > Bus Tickets > Ahmednagar to Tumsar All Bus Operators From Ahmednagar to Tumsar Sorry! No schedule available from Ahmednagar to Tumsar at this moment. Click here to go to Home. About Ahmednagar Named after its founder Ahmad Nizam Shah, Ahmednagar in the state of Maharashtra is today the recruitment and training hub of Indian Armed Forces. Mughal-era buildings, military tanks and a number of sugar factories dot the landscape of Ahmednagar. It is in the famous Ahmednagar Fort that the Late Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru wrote the famous The Discovery of India. Rail and road are the best travel options to reach Ahmednagar. There are good budget hotels in Ahmednagar. Some of them are Sanket Hotel (Tariff – Rs. 900 to Rs. 1700), Swastik Hotel (Tariff – Rs. 700 to Rs. 1200), Panchsheel Hotel (Tariff – Rs. 600 to Rs. 800), and Chaitanya Classic Lodge (Tariff – Rs. 500 to Rs. 700). The official language of Ahmednagar is Marathi. The other language spoken here is Hindi. The important events of Ahmednagar are Ganesh Chaturthi and Nag Panchami, both are celebrated in August. There are several places of tourist attraction in Ahmednagar. Some of the places include Dargah Daira (3 km), Renuka/ Durga Goddess Temple (3 to 5 km), Meherabad (8.8 km), and Chand Bibi Palace (13 km). The closest airport to this place is Pune Airport which is approximately 119 km away. Ahmednagar railway station is the nearest major railway station connecting Ahmednagar. There are bus services to Ahmednagar from Hyderabad, Kolhapur, Nagpur, Aurangabad and Goa to name a few. Bus operators that offer good services to passengers include Sharma Transports and Prasanna Purple Travels. Opt for online bus ticket reservation through Ticketgoose.com and travel tension free. About Tumsar Tumsar Tumsar, also called as Rice Nagri, is located in the Bhandara district of Maharashtra, India. The city got its name from a fish called "tum" which was discovered in this area. The city has many lakes. The district headquarters Bhandara is located at a distance of 30 km from Tumsar. The city is 6 km away from River Wainganga and is best known for scented rice. Some of the budget hotels close to the city are Adarsh Lodge, Bhandara (Tariff – Rs. 500), Ranat Bhawar Hotel, Bhandara (Tariff – Rs. 300) and Amit Resort, Bhandara (Tariff – Rs. 1200). The official language of Tumsar is Marathi. Hindi is also spoken by most of the locals. Tumsar celebrates many festivals throughout the year which include Ganpati Utsav, Kanuba, Gandhi Jayanthi Saptah, Dasara, Diwali, Kanhaiya Puja, Budhha Jayanti and Durga Puja. There are many tourist attractions in and around Tumsar. Some of them include Gaymookh (18 km from Tumsar), Chandpur Dam (21 km from Tumsar) and Nagjhira Temple (5 km from Tumsar). The nearest airport to Tumsar is Gondia Airport. It is located about 60 km away from the city. Tumsar railway station is 5 km away. Two trains connect Tumsar and Trivandrum operating 3 to 4 days a week. Many mail and express trains from various cities halt at Tumsar. Tumsar is well-connected to many nearby cities and villages like Nagpur, Bhandara, Amravati and Gondia. There are many bus operators providing bus services from Tumsar such as Raj Tours and Travels running various AC, Volvo and sleeper buses. Online booking of bus tickets have made ticket booking very convenient.

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Q: Hibernate 4 : SessionFactory v/s ServiceRegistry Here is some piece of code to create an object of Configuration Class & about the SessionFactory with ServiceRegistry. Configuration cfg = new Configuration().addResource( "employee.hbm.xml").configure(); serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings( cfg.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); What is SessionFactory ? What is ServiceRegistry ? What is the basic difference b/w SessionFactory & ServiceRegistry in Hibernate. A: In hibernate4 they have redesigned sessionFactory to pass the argument as Serviceregistry object.There are some issues in early approach you can understand from this check here

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It's these hotel rooms sometimes. The light is terrible. For makeup artists it's the worst. And possibly the explanation behind Sienna Miller's overbronzed face. As you can see, Sienna's face is one orange blob – gorgeous, but totally the wrong colour. In every photo, from every photo agency, it's all the wrong colour. Amazingly enough, Sienna has managed to remain relatively well behaved the last couple of months – no scandalous pictures on holiday, keeping the sightings with Balthazar to a minimum, both trying to rehabilitate their images. Still… you can never be too safe with Sienna. Which is why it was smart of the always lovely Maggie Gyllenhaal last night to attend with Peter Sarsgaard. Their relationship is solid, of course, but Sienna around an unavailable man? You never want to chance it. Speaking of Maggie (I linked to it last week in the John Krasinski article) her role in the upcoming Away We Go…she steals the trailer. Steals it. Maggie is amazing. If you haven't already, embedding it again. Because I watch it at least once a day. It's been a long time since I've looked forward this eagerly to a movie.

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Huta es un pueblo en el distrito administrativo de la gmina de Odolanów, parte del distrito de Ostrów Wielkopolski, Voivodato de Gran Polonia, en el centro oeste de Polonia., Se encuentra aproximadamente a 5 kilómetros al este de Odolanów, a 10 kilómetros al sur de Ostrów Wielkopolski, y a 109 kilómetros al sureste de la capital regional Poznań. Referencias Localidades del voivodato de Gran Polonia

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Winter Reading: The Revolution of Marina M. The Revolution of Marina M. is an 816 page book filled with heart-wrenching tales of a girl finding her way through the hardships of life. I usually don't enjoy books like this one because following a character through a large period of time is not easy to narrate for most authors. These books cannot keep the attention of the reader, or fail to make each part of the protagonist's life believable; whether it be from the lack of dimensional characters or not enough descriptions of the settings. However, The Revolution of Marina M. is able to keep the reader focused on Marina's journey. The novel is very well researched and does not strongly feature a love interest, showcasing a new side of historical fiction that I had not previously read. Additionally, the writing was engaging and descriptive. Unfortunately, the book was a little slow to get into as the novel is slowly building itself up. Overall, The Revolution of Marina M. is a 4.5 star read, and one that I highly recommend, especially if you want to try something new! Thank you to Netgalley and Little, Brown and Company for providing an ARC in exchange for an honest review!

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Ranging from half day to full day care packages, short break, residential and longer holiday packages. SureCare's holiday care is ideal for when your existing carer is on annual leave, or for when you wish to take a carer, or companion, on holiday with you. Half or full day residential care, in your own private room. We offer flexible and emergency respite care – Minimum 4 hours (morning or afternoon). SureCare's Short Breaks and Respite services have always been an important resource for families and carers alike, and have made a real difference to their lives as well as the lives of those we care for. Our aim is to enable families to take a break, whilst we fully support the individual by providing a caring, enjoyable and positive experience.

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I bet he'll claim that he's the real victim. [reads article] Yup. The state of Tennessee has fired a veteran investigator because officials believed that he attempted to use violent stories about how his relatives participated in a lynching to intimidate African-Americans who were trying to file claims against emergency responders. Castro Rainbow crosswalk designs released- go vote!

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To spread the news as quickly as possible, we've asked Content Marketing Cornwall to put together a press release announcing the new partnership. The feedback has been amazing. Below you can read the press release. Any questions, do let me know. The internationally renowned email marketing platform MailChimp has recognised Penzance based email marketing specialists FouldsCRM, as MailChimp Experts, by granting membership to the Mailchimp Partner programme, the first in Cornwall. FouldsCRM has used the programme to create hundreds of highly successful email marketing campaigns for clients in the tourism and business to business sectors in Cornwall. Under the Mailchimp Partner programme, FouldsCRM will get exclusive co-marketing opportunities, access to MailChimp customers, 24/7 priority support, unique resources, insights and a direct insider view of MailChimp. So, whenever developments happen, they will be the first to know. Thanks to this new partnership, FouldsCRM are now recognised experts in Mailchimp email marketing. From delivering a one-off campaign to complete customer retention management, FouldsCRM will continue to turn one-time visitors into long-term loyal customers.

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Posted on Tuesday, December 1st, 2009 at 4:22 am. Realizing that you or someone you love has a drug abuse or drug addiction problem is a painful realization. Drug abuse ruins relationships and leads to legal, financial and health problems. Recent statistics show that over 23 million people in the United States need professional treatment for drug addiction or alcoholism. Sadly, only 10 percent of these people receive care at a drug rehab or addiction treatment facility. Without help, drug abuse destroys families and destroys lives; but with the right support and treatment at a California drug rehab, recovery is possible. * Detoxification. During detox, chronic abusers will undergo supervised withdrawal. All traces of drug toxins will be removed while the patient's symptoms of withdrawal are controlled. * Sober living. A sober living home is a group of recovering addicts who live together in order to support each other and provide an environment free of alcohol and drugs. Sober living is recommended for people who have just completed residential treatment and are at risk for relapsing if they return home. * Holistic therapy: A holistic approach to drug rehab treats the entire individual, including their body, mind and spirit. Holistic therapy is gaining in popularity for its ability to help patients stay in recovery. It includes alternative treatments such as massage, acupuncture and yoga. * Cognitive behavioral therapy. As part of an overall program of recovery, cognitive behavioral therapy is highly effective in treating drug addiction. The goal of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating drug dependence is to teach the person short-term coping skills for obtaining sobriety and long-term skills for maintaining sobriety. * Dual-diagnosis therapy. Oftentimes a person with a co-occurring disorder such as depression or anxiety will become addicted to drugs after trying to self-medicate their symptoms. Dual-diagnosis therapy treats the underlying disorder so that long-term sobriety is possible. Recovery from drug addiction is a long-term process that often requires multiple approaches of treatment in order to treat the individual's multiple needs. No single treatment is appropriate for every person, which is why an effective California drug rehab will evaluate each patient's individual needs and tailor a drug treatment program specifically for them. * Holistic therapies, such as massage, acupuncture, yoga, art therapy, equine therapy, etc.

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All Japan newsese tech maker Panasonic announced it will try again to conquer the European mobile phone market after an absence of nearly six years. The company intends to launch its first "global" smartphone next March, in Europe. The product will then be brought to the U.S., China, and other Asian destinations. "We are well aware of our powerful competitors," said Toshinori Hoshi, manager of Panasonic's mobile communications unit. "However, market shares are changing dramatically and if we launch into this fast-changing market, we believe we have a chance of a hit." According to analysts, the device may run Google's Android platform and other services, like the Google Wallet application for mobile payments. Panasonic only announced that the new device will feature a 4.3-inch OLED screen and that it would be dustproof and waterproof. It intends to sell 15 million units worldwide by 2016. For the next financial year, it aims to sell 1.5 million units in Europe.

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\section{Introduction} The study of homogeneous complex domains and their boundaries goes back to Elie Cartan \cite{Ca1,Ca2,Ca3}, who obtained a complete classification in $\mathbb C^2$. It was shown by Vinberg, Gindikin and Pyatetskii-Shapiro \cite{VGP} that any bounded homogeneous domain in $\mathbb{C}^n$ is holomorphically equivalent to a Siegel domain of the second kind, which can be viewed as a generalization of the upper half-plane to several dimensions. Therefore the remaining interesting case concerns homogeneous domains that are not equivalent to bounded domains. Winkelmann classified all three-dimensional homogeneous complex manifolds in \cite{W}. In particular, he discovered a domain that is bounded by the Levi-indefinite hypersurface $$\Im (w +z_1\bar{z}_2)=|z_1|^4,$$ where $(z_1,z_2,w)$ are coordinates in $\mathbb C^3$. This hypersurface features the largest possible symmetry algebra among the non-quadratic hypersurfaces. Loboda classified all Levi non-degenerate hypersurfaces with 7-dimensional symmetry algebra \cite{L1,L2}, as well as all hypersurfaces with 6-dimensional symmetry algebra and positive definite Levi form \cite{L3}. In a recent paper Doubrov, Medvedev and The \cite{DMT} prove that quadratic hypersurfaces and the Winkelmann surface are the only homogeneous hypersurfaces in $\mathbb C^3$ whose symmetry groups have open orbits in $\mathbb C^3$. A complete classification of homogeneous domains in higher dimension becomes an unrealistic endeavour. Therefore the focus of research lies on special classes of domains. Penney \cite{P} constructed a class of homogeneous domains that generalize homogeneous Siegel domains. They are called Siegel domains of type N-P or nil-balls. Another approach to produce series of examples of unbounded homogeneous domains is to consider affinely homogeneous tube domains of the form $D= \Omega + \operatorname{i} \mathbb{R}^n$, where $\Omega$ itself is an affinely homogeneous domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$, which serves as affinely homogeneous base of the domain $D$. In this situation all affine automorphisms of $\Omega$ lift to automorphisms of $D$ together with the $n$-dimensional group of imaginary translations, and hence forms a transitive subgroup of affine transformations of $D$. Thus, the task of constructing $D$ reduces to constructing $\Omega$. In order to do so, we start with an affinely homogeneous hypersurface $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ considered as a part of a boundary of $\Omega$. In fact, $\Omega$ can be taken as an open orbit of the group $\operatorname{Aff}(\Gamma)$ of affine automorphisms of $\Gamma$ lying on either side of $\Gamma$. This means that the dimension of $\operatorname{Aff}(\Gamma)$ must be at least $n$ and hence there is a non-trivial affine isotropy of $\Gamma$. For $n=2$, Loboda~\cite{L} proved that any holomorphically homogeneous non-spherical tube hypersurface in $\mathbb{C}^2$ has an affinely homogeneous base. Up to dimension $n=4$ affinely homogeneous hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with non-trivial isotropy have been classified (see \cite{NS}, \cite{DKR}, \cite{EE1}, \cite{EE2}, \cite{EE3}). Based on this classification Eastwood, Ezhov and Isaev constructed new examples of affinely homogeneous domains in $\mathbb{C}^4$ (\cite{EEI}, \cite{EI}). We use Cartan's moving frame method to classify affinely homogeneous surfaces with large symmetry algebra. The key observation, which considerably reduces the complexity, is Proposition \ref{P:tubeDom}. It provides a criterion, when a particular affine surface is a part of a boundary of an affinely homogeneous domain. For example, in $\mathbb{C}^4$ it reduces the analysis from $20$ types of homogeneous affine surfaces with isotropy (cf.~\cite{EE2}) to just $5$ types. All of them are indeed boundaries of affinely homogeneous domains. Using Proposition \ref{P:tubeDom} we prove the Theorem below, which settles the pseudo-convex case. \begin{thm}\label{thm1} Consider a tube domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ with an affinely homogeneous base. If the group of affine symmetries acts locally transitive on the part of the boundary with definite second fundamental form then this part of the boundary is affinely equivalent to \[ x_{n+1}=\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2. \] \end{thm} The next interesting case to consider are surfaces with Lorentzian signature of the second fundamental form. We obtain a classification of such surfaces under the assumption that the dimension of the isotropy is large enough. \begin{thm}\label{thm2} Assume that an affinely homogeneous tube domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1},$ $n\ge4$ has an affinely homogeneous part of the boundary with a Lorentzian second fundamental form. If the dimension of its affine isotropy is at least $\frac{(n-2)(n-3)}2$ then the boundary is locally affinely equivalent to one of the listed below: \begin{enumerate} \item $ x_{n+1} = x_1 x_n + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2; $ \item $ x_{n+1}=x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_{1}^3; $ \item\label{wink} $ x_{n+1} = x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_{1}^2 x_2 + \alpha x_{1}^4; $ \item\label{typeC1} $ x_{n+1}=x_1 x_{n} + x_1\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2; $ \item $0=x_{n+1} -2x_{n+1}x_n - 2 x_1 x_n^2 + x_1 x_{n} + \frac12 \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2,$ equivalently\newline $0=(1-2x_n)(x_{n+1} + x_1 x_{n} +\frac12\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2) + x_n\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 ;$ \item $ x_{n+1} = x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_1 x_2^2; $ \item \label{typeD2} $0= (1-2x_n)(x_{n+1} + x_1 x_{n} +\frac12\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2) + x_n x_2^2. $ \end{enumerate} \end{thm} The hypersurfaces of type \eqref{wink} are higher-dimensional analogues the Winkelmann hypersurface and the hypersurfaces studied in \cite{EI}. For $\alpha=\frac{1}{12}$ these hypersurfaces are holomorphically equivalent to a quadric. The hypersurfaces with $\alpha>\frac{1}{12}$ and, analogously, $\alpha<\frac{1}{12}$, are holomorphically equivalent to each other. The homogeneous domains they bound are nilballs. Hypersurfaces \eqref{typeC1}--\eqref{typeD2} are new and generalise the hypersurfaces \begin{align*} x_4 = x_1 x_3 + x_1x_2^2, \\ x_4^2 = x_1 x_3 + x_1^2x_2, \end{align*} found in \cite{EEI}. The structure of the paper is as follows. In the following section we introduce the notations for Cartan's moving frame method applied to homogeneous submanifolds. In Section \ref{S:Aff} we use Cartan's moving frame method to derive several lower order invariants for affine hypersurfaces. In Section \ref{S:bound} we introduce the notion of tubular affine hypersurface, namely a surface which is a part of a boundary of an affinely homogeneous domain and formulate a few results regarding tubular hypersurfaces. In Section~\ref{S:Lorenz} we proceed with the case of Lorentzian second fundamental form and prove Theorem~\ref{thm2}. In the last section we study hypersurface~\eqref{typeC1} from Theorem~\ref{thm2} in detail. We compute its group of biholomorphic automorphisms and prove that it is not a boundary of a nil-ball. \section{Cartan's Moving Frame Method} In this section we introduce an algebraic version of Cartan's equivalence method following \cite{doukom}. Consider a homogeneous manifold $M=G/G_0.$ The manifold $M$ carries the structure of a principle $G_0$-bundle $\pi:G\to M.$ On the Lie group $G$ there exists a unique left invariant differential form $\omega:TG\to\mathfrak{g}$ such that $\omega_e:T_e G\to \mathfrak{g}=\operatorname{Id}.$ The form $\omega$ is called the Maurer-Cartan form. If $G$ is a subgroup of a matrix group then the explicit formula for $\omega$ is: \[ \omega=g^{-1}dg. \] Consider a submanifold $N$ of $M$. \begin{dfn} A moving frame on $N$ is a section $s\colon N \to G$ of the restriction of the principle bundle $\pi:G\to M,$ i.e. $\pi\circ s=\operatorname{Id}$. \end{dfn} The set of all frames over $N$ is a $G_0$-principle bundle. An arbitrary moving frame on $N$ has the form $s \cdot h,$ where $h:N\to G_0$ and $s$ is some fixed frame. The aim of Cartan's method is to construct a canonical frame for $N$. This is done by normalizing the pullback $s^*\omega$. The image of $s^*\omega$ is an $n$-dimensional linear subspace of $\mathfrak{g}$, i.e. $s^*\omega$ defines a map $N\to\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g})$. bundle If we change the frame $s$ to $\bar s=s \cdot h,$ where $h:N\to G_0$ then \[ \bar s^*\omega=(\bar s)^{-1} d \bar s=h^{-1}s^{-1} (d s) h+h^{-1}d h=h^{-1}(s^*\omega) h+h^{-1}d h. \] The summand $h^{-1} d h$ takes values in the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_0$ of $G_0$. Therefore, the change of the lift acts linearly on $s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_0$ by the adjoint action. The first step in the normalization procedure is to choose a canonical representative $V_1\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_0)$ in the orbit of $s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_0$. Then we consider only frames such that $\Im s^*\omega \equiv V_1$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_0$. By doing so we reduce the freedom in the choice of the frame to the group: \[ G_1=\{g\in H\mid \operatorname{Ad}_g(V_1)=V_1\}. \] If we assume that $N$ is of constant type, i.e. $\Im s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_0$ belongs to one orbit for all points of $N$ then we can proceed further. Notice that all homogeneous submanifolds are of constant type. The next step is to consider changes of frames with respect to the group $G_1$. The change $\bar s=s \cdot h,$ $h:N\to G_1$ induces an action on $\Im s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_1$ where $\mathfrak{g}_1$ is the Lie algebra of $G_1$. Let $\pi\colon\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_1\to\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_0$ be the canonical projection. We choose a representative $V_2\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_1)$ in the orbit of $s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_1$ such that $\pi\colon V_2\to V_1$ is a linear isomorphism. This gives us the second reduction of the frame to the group \[ G_2=\{g\in G_1\mid\operatorname{Ad}_g(V_2)=V_2\}. \] Eventually, the sequence $G_i$ will stabilize to the isotropy subgroup $G_\infty$ of the surface $N$ and the obtained lift will be a canonical (defined up to the action of $G_\infty$) moving frame. The method described above can be formalized as follows for the equivalence problem of homogeneous submanifolds (cf. \cite{doukom}). Let $H\subset G$ be the symmetry group of an affinely homogeneous submanifold $N$ and $\mathfrak{h}$ be the corresponding symmetry Lie algebra. For an arbitrary point $p$ of the submanifold $N$ let $G_0$ be the stabilizer of $p$ and \[\mathfrak{g}_0=\{X\in \mathfrak{g} \mid X_p=0 \}\] be the corresponding Lie algebra. Consider the series of subalgebras \begin{equation}\label{e:g} \mathfrak{g}_{i+1}= \{ X\in \mathfrak{g}_i \mid [X,\mathfrak{h}]\in \mathfrak{g}_i+\mathfrak{h} \}. \end{equation} The Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_i$ is in fact an infinitesimal stabilizer of the $i$\textsuperscript{th} jet of $N$ at the point $p$. It was shown in \cite{doukom} that in this setting we have \begin{equation}\label{e:V} V_i=(\mathfrak{h} + \mathfrak{g}_i)/\mathfrak{g}_i, i\ge 0 ,\quad V_\infty=(\mathfrak{h} + \mathfrak{g}_\infty)/\mathfrak{g}_\infty. \end{equation} An important observation is that in the homogeneous setting there is an additional restriction on $V_i$. \begin{prop}\label{CS} Consider a homogeneous submanifold with symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{h}$. Let $\mathfrak{g}_i$ and $V_i$ be defined as in \eqref{e:g} and \eqref{e:V}. For every $X+\mathfrak{g}_{i+1},Y+\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}\in V_{i+1}$ we have $[X,Y]+\mathfrak{g}_{i}\in V_{i}$. \end{prop} \begin{proof} Indeed, since \[ [\mathfrak{h}+\mathfrak{g}_{i+1},\mathfrak{h}+\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}]\subseteq \mathfrak{h}+\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}+[\mathfrak{h},\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}] \subseteq \mathfrak{h}+\mathfrak{g}_{i}\] we see that $[X,Y]+\mathfrak{g}_{i} \in (\mathfrak{h}+\mathfrak{g}_{i})/\mathfrak{g}_{i} = V_{i}.$ \end{proof} In order to classify homogeneous submanifolds of dimension $n$ in $M$ we use the following algorithm: \begin{enumerate} \item Classify elements $V_0\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_0)$ up to the action of $G_0$. \item For any $V_i\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_i)$ classified on the previous step let $G_{i+1}\subseteq G_i$ be the stabilizer subgroup of $V_i$ and $\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}$ be the corresponding Lie algebra. If $\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}\neq \mathfrak{g}_i$ then classify all $V_{i+1}\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_{i+1})$ up to the action of $G_{i+1}$ such that $\pi( V_{i+1} )=V_{i}$ and $V_{i+1}$ satisfies Proposition~\ref{CS}. \item If $\mathfrak{g}_{i+1}=\mathfrak{g}_i$ then $\mathfrak{g}_\infty=\mathfrak{g}_i$, and $V_\infty=V_i$. The obtained symmetry algebra of the submanifold is $\mathfrak{h}=\mathfrak{g}_\infty\oplus V_\infty$ and the isotropy group is $G_\infty$. \end{enumerate} \section{Affinely homogeneous surfaces}\label{S:Aff} Let $\Gamma$ be a homogeneous affine surface in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. Since the surface is homogeneous and the Maurer-Cartan form $\omega$ is left-invariant it is enough to normalize a frame $s:\Gamma\to G=\operatorname{Aff}(\R^{n+1})$ in one point. Let us fix the point $p=(0,\dots,0)^t$. Then the pair $(G,G_0)$ is \[ G = \begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},\quad G_0 = \begin{pmatrix} A & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \quad A\in\operatorname{GL}_{n+1}(\mathbb{R}),B\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}. \] The corresponding pair of Lie algebras is \[ \mathfrak{g} = \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix},\quad \mathfrak{g}_0 = \begin{pmatrix} a & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad a\in\mathfrak{gl}_{n+1}(\mathbb{R}),b\in\mathbb{R}^{n+1}. \] We recall that the normalization of the frame $s$ consists in a step-by-step choice of elements $V_i\in\operatorname{Gr}(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_i)$ in the orbit of $s^*\omega$ $\operatorname{mod}\mathfrak{g}_i$ under the action of $G_i$. At the first step, when $i=0$, we consider $\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_0)=\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathbb{R}^{n+1})$ under the action of $G_0=\operatorname{GL}_{n+1}(\mathbb{R})$. Since $\operatorname{GL}_{n+1}(\mathbb{R})$ acts transitively on hyperplanes in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ we can choose \[ V_0 = \left( \begin{array}{cc} * & X \\ * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array} \right), \quad X\in \mathbb{R}^{n},\] where $X=(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)^t$ is an arbitrary vector in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The stabilizer Lie group for $V_0$ and the corresponding Lie algebra are \begin{align*} G_1 &= \begin{pmatrix} A_1 & D & 0 \\ 0 & C & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},\quad A_1\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}), D\in\mathbb{R}^n, C\in\mathbb{R}^* \\ \mathfrak{g}_1 &= \begin{pmatrix} a_1 & e & 0 \\ 0 & c & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad a_1\in\mathfrak{gl}_n(\mathbb{R}),e\in\mathbb{R}^n, c\in\mathbb{R} \end{align*} Let us proceed with the second step of the moving frame normalization. All $n$-dimensional planes $V_1$ in $\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_1$ that satisfy condition $\pi(V_1)=V_0$ have the form \begin{equation}\label{e:P} \begin{pmatrix} * & * & X \\ (PX)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad P\in\operatorname{Mat}_{n\times n}, \end{equation} i.e. they are determined by some matrix $P$. \begin{lem} For a homogeneous surface the matrix $P$ is symmetric. \end{lem} \begin{proof} Indeed, consider two vectors from $V_1$: \[ v_1=\begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} * & * & X \\ (PX)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}, \quad v_2 = \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} * & * & Y \\ (PY)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}. \] Their commutator is \[ [v_1,v_2] = \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} * & * & * \\ * & * & X^t P^t Y - Y^t P^t X \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}. \] Proposition \ref{CS} requires $[v_1,v_2]\in V_0+\mathfrak{g}_0$. Therefore, $ X^t P^t Y - Y^t P^t X = 0$, i.e., the matrix $P$ is symmetric. \end{proof} The symmetric form $P$ corresponds to the second fundamental form of the surface $\Gamma$. In what follows we restrict ourself to surfaces with a non-degenerate second fundamental form, i.e. with non-degenerate $P$. The adjoint action of $G_1$ on \eqref{e:P} induces the following change of $P$: \[ P \to C^{-1} A_1^t P A_1 . \] Assume that the form $P$ has signature $(p,q)$ with $p\ge q$. Then $P$ can be normalized to \[I_{p,q}=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & I_q \\ 0 & I_{p-q} & 0 \\ I_q & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}.\] The resulting second order normalization of the frame is \[ V_1 = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} * & * & X \\ (I_{p,q}X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array} \right).\] The stabilizer Lie group for $V_1$ and the corresponding Lie algebra are \begin{align*} G_2 &= \begin{pmatrix} E\cdot A_2 & D & 0 \\ 0 & E^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},\quad A_2\in O_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}), D\in\mathbb{R}^n, E\in \mathbb{R}^*_+ \\ \mathfrak{g}_2 &= \begin{pmatrix} a_2 +e & e & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad a_2\in\mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}),e\in\mathbb{R}^n, e\in\mathbb{R} \end{align*} Let us proceed with the third step of the normalization procedure. All $V_2\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_2)$ that satisfy condition $\pi(V_2)=V_1$ can be represented as \[ V_2 = \begin{pmatrix} L_1(X) & * & X \\ (I_{p,q}X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix} \] where $L_1(X)\in \mathfrak{gl}_n(\mathbb{R}) / \mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$. We can assume that for every $X$ the matrix $L_1(X)$ is symmetric with respect to $I_{p,q}$, i.e.: \begin{equation}\label{eq:sym} L_1(X)^t I_{p,q} = I_{p,q} L_1(X). \end{equation} The symmetric with respect to $I_{p,q}$ part of an arbitrary matrix $T$ is given by the formula \[ T_{sym}=\frac12(T+I_{p,q} T I_{p,q}). \] Under the action of $G_2$ the tensor $L_1$ changes as a $(2,1)$-tensor. Its structure for homogeneous surface is given by the following lemma. \begin{lem} For homogeneous surfaces $L_1\colon V_n\otimes V_n \to V_n$ is self-adjoint with respect to $I_{p,q}$ and symmetric in its arguments. \end{lem} \begin{proof} Consider any 2 vectors from $V_2$: \[ v_1 = \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} L_1(X) & * & X \\ ( I_{p,q} X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}, \quad v_2 = \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} L_1(Y) & * & Y \\ ( I_{p,q} Y)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}. \] Their commutator is \begin{equation}\label{e:L1} [v_1,v_2] = \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} * & * & L_1(X)Y- L_1(Y)X \\ X^t I_{p,q} L_1(Y) - Y^t I_{p,q} L_1(X) & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}. \end{equation} If we use the notation $Z=L_1(X)Y- L_1(Y)X$ then Proposition~\ref{CS} implies that \eqref{e:L1} has the form \[ \begin{pmatrix} * & * & Z \\ (I_{p,q} Z)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix},\] which is equivalent to \[ X^t I_{p,q} L_1(Y) - Y^t I_{p,q} L_1(X) = \left(L_1(X)Y- L_1(Y)X\right)^t I_{p,q}. \] Using \eqref{eq:sym} we obtain that $2\left(L_1(X)Y-L_1(Y)X\right)^t I_{p,q}=0$, i.e. $L_1$ is symmetric in its arguments. \end{proof} Consider elements in $G_2$ of the form \begin{equation}\label{e:D} \begin{pmatrix} 1_n & D & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},\quad D\in\mathbb{R}^n. \end{equation} The action of \eqref{e:D} on $\operatorname{tr} L_1$ is given by \[\operatorname{tr} L_1(X) \to \operatorname{tr} L_1(X)+\frac{n-2}2 (D,X)_{p,q}.\] We can normalize $L_1$ to a trace-free tensor since the bilinear form $I_{p,q}$ is non-degenerate. The equivalence class of the trace-free part of $L_1$ under the action of $CO_{p,q}^+=O_{p,q} \times \mathbb{R}^*_+$ is the third order invariant for homogeneous affine surfaces. In particular, there is a unique homogeneous affine surface with the trace-free part of $L_1$ equal to $0$. \begin{prop}\label{P:cones} A homogeneous surface with the second fundamental form of signature $(p,q)$ is isomorphic to \begin{equation} \label{srf:1} x_{n+1}=\sum_{i=1}^p x_i^2 - \sum_{i=p+1}^n x_i^2 \end{equation} if and only if the trace-free part of $L_1$ is $0$. The surface \eqref{srf:1} has the isotropy group $CO_{p,q}^+=O_{p,q} \times \mathbb{R}^*_+$ and the isotropy groups of all Levi non-degenerate homogeneous surfaces of signature $(p,q)$ are contained in $CO_{p,q}^+$. \end{prop} \begin{proof} If the trace-free part of $L_1$ is $0$ then the Cartan method terminates and the transitive part of the symmetry Lie algebra is equivalent to \[\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & X \\ X^t I_{p,q} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \] The exponent of this matrix is \begin{equation} \label{eq2} \begin{pmatrix} 1_n & 0 & X \\ X^t I_{p,q} & 1 & \frac12\sum_{i=1}^p x_i^2 - \frac12\sum_{i=p+1}^n x_i^2 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. \end{equation} The action of \eqref{eq2} gives the surface \eqref{srf:1} after rescaling $x_n$. \end{proof} Using $I_{p,q}$, the trace-free part of $L_1$ can be identified with a symmetric trace-free 3-tensor. To complete the third step of Cartan's moving frame method we need to classify these tensors up to the action of $CO_{p,q}^+$. However let us first study some special properties of the surfaces that are parts of boundaries of homogeneous affine domains. \section{Boundary of homogeneous affine domains}\label{S:bound} Our final goal is the classification of affinely homogeneous tube domains with Levi non-degenerate boundary in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}.$ Affine surfaces that are parts of boundaries of affinely homogeneous domains in $\mathbb{R}^n$ have $L_1$ of a special type, as the following proposition shows. \begin{prop}\label{P:tubeDom} A homogeneous affine surface with non-zero trace-free semi-invariant $L_1$ is a part of a boundary of a homogeneous affine domain if and only if the projection of the isotropy subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}_0\subset\mathfrak{cso}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$ on the center of $\mathfrak{cso}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$ is non-zero. Or, equivalently, if the projection of $\mathfrak{h}_0$ on $\mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$ acts on $L_1$ by scalars that are not all zeros. \end{prop} \begin{proof} At the point $p=(0,\dots,0)^t\in\Gamma$ the transitive part of the symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{h}$ is spanned by $V_\infty/\mathfrak{g}_0=V_0/\mathfrak{g}_0$. This implies that $T_p\Gamma$ is spanned by $\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}$, $1\le i \le n$. We are going to check the action of the symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{h}$ at the point $p_t=(0,\dots,0,t)^t$ that does not belong to $\Gamma$ for sufficiently small $t\neq0$. To obtain the infinitesimal action of $\mathfrak{h}$ at the point $p_t$ we need to conjugate Lie algebra $\mathfrak{h}$ by \[ A_t=\begin{pmatrix} 1_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & t \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}.\] The transitive at $0$ part of $\mathfrak{h}$ takes at $p_t$ the form \[ A_t^{-1}.\begin{pmatrix} L(X) & L_3(X) & X \\ X^t I_{p,q} & L_4(X) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} . A_t = \begin{pmatrix} L(X) & L_3(X) & X+t L_3(X) \\ X^t I_{p,q} & L_4(X) & t L_4(X) \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \] where $L(X)=L_1(X)+L_2(X)$, $L_2(X)\in\mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}).$ An arbitrary element of $\mathfrak{h}_0$ transforms to \[ A_t^{-1}.\begin{pmatrix} a_2 + e I_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} . A_t = \begin{pmatrix} a_2 + e I_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & t 2 e \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \] To have a transitive action of $\mathfrak{h}$ in a neighborhood of $p_t$ we need a projection of $\operatorname{Ad}_{A_t}(\mathfrak{h})$ on $\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_0$ to be surjective. This is true only if $e\neq0$ for at least one element of $\mathfrak{h}_0$. Let us prove the second statement of the proposition. We remind that $G_3$ (and therefore $G_\infty$) consists of elements that fix $L_1$. Therefore an element of $\mathfrak{h}_0=\mathfrak{g}_\infty$ should annihilate $L_1$. Then, since \[ \begin{pmatrix} e I_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \] scales $L_1$ by $-e$, the action of $a_2$ should scale $L_1$ by $e$. \end{proof} \begin{cor}\label{cor1} All homogeneous tubular affine surfaces have $\|L_1\|_{(p,q)}=0$, where the pseudo-norm is induced from $V$ to $\operatorname{Hom}(S^2(V),V)$. \end{cor} \begin{proof} Consider an element of the form \[ Z = \begin{pmatrix} a_2 + e I_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \] with $e\neq 0$ from the isotropy subalgebra of the surface. Such an element always exists according to Proposition \ref{P:tubeDom}. If $\|L_1\|\neq 0$ then $Z$ scales the norm of $L_1$ by $e$ and therefore cannot preserve the tensor $L_1$. \end{proof} Theorem 1 is a direct consequence of Corollary \ref{cor1}. Indeed, if the second fundamental form is definite then $\|L_1\|=0$ implies $L_1=0$. All surfaces with non-degenerate second fundamental form and $L_1=0$ are described in Proposition \ref{P:cones}. \section{ Affine surfaces with Lorentzian second fundamental form} \label{S:Lorenz} In this section we prove Theorem \ref{thm2}. From now on we assume that all homogeneous affine surfaces we study are parts of a boundary of an affinely homogeneous domain unless specified otherwise. We continue the 3rd step of Cartan's equivalence method assuming that the trace-free part of $L_1$ is non-zero. We normalize $L_1$ by scaling and choosing an appropriate representative in the $O_{p,q}(\mathbb{R})$ orbit of $L_1$. According to Proposition \ref{P:tubeDom}, we need to find a tensor in $S^3(V)=S^3(\mathbb{R}^{p,q})$ on which at least one element from $\mathfrak{so}_{m-1,1}$ acts by a non-zero scalar. We recall that the form $I_{n-1,1}$ is defined by \[ (x_1,x_n)=1,\quad (x_i,x_i)=1,\mbox{ for }2\le i \le n-1 \] and all other pseudo-scalar products between elements of the basis $\{ x_i \}$ are zero. \begin{prop}\label{P:L1} Consider a homogeneous affine surface $\Gamma$ with Lorentzian second fundamental form that is a part of a boundary of an affinely homogeneous domain. If the trace-free part of $L_1$ for $\Gamma$ is not zero then $L_1$ lies in the the orbit of exactly one element from the list \begin{enumerate} \item $ x_1^3 $, \item $ 3 x_1^2 x_2 $, \item $ 3 x_1\left(\sum_{i=2}^{n-1}\alpha_i x_i^2\right),$ where $\alpha_2=1$, $\alpha_i\ge \alpha_{i+1}$ and $|\alpha_i|\le 1$, \end{enumerate} under the action of $G_2=CO_{p,q}^+(\mathbb{R})\times \mathbb{R}^n$. \end{prop} \begin{proof} Consider $T\in\mathfrak{so}_{m-1,1}$ that acts as a non-zero scalar on $L_1$. Let $T=T_s+T_n$ be the abstract Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of $T$, where $T_s$ is semisimple, $T_n$ is nilpotent and $[T_s,T_n]=0$. This decomposition is unique. The semisimple element $T_s$ belongs to a maximal toral subalgebra. In $\mathfrak{so}_{n-1,1}$ there are just two of them: the maximally compact one and the maximally non-compact one. Elements of the maximally compact toral subalgebra can not have real eigenvalues other than $0$ in any representation of $\mathfrak{so}_{n-1,1}$. Consequently they can not scale $L_1$. Therefore and due to Proposition \ref{P:tubeDom} the semisimple part $T_s$ belongs to the maximally non-compact toral sub-algebra. Since all maximally non-compact toral sub-algebras are conjugate we can assume that \[ T_s=\begin{pmatrix} \lambda & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & T_{m-2} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -\lambda \end{pmatrix} \] where $T_{m-2}\in \mathfrak{so}_{m-2}(\mathbb{R})$, $\lambda\neq 0$. All commuting with $T_s$ elements of $\mathfrak{so}_{m-1,1}$ are of the form \[ \begin{pmatrix} \tilde\lambda & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \tilde T_{m-2} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -\tilde\lambda \end{pmatrix} \] and therefore $T_n$ is of this form as well. But this means that $T_n$ is in fact semisimple, i.e, $T_n=0$. Let $T=T_s$ with $\lambda=1$. Tensor $L_1$ should belong to one of the real eigenspaces of $T$. All eigenvalues of the action of $T$ on $S^3(V)$ are $\pm 3$, $\pm 2$, $\pm 1$ and $0$. The corresponding eigenvectors are $x_1^i x_n^j f(\bar x)$ where $\bar x=(x_2,\dots,x_{n-1})^t$. The eigenvalue of $x_1^i x_n^j f(\bar x)$ is $(i-j)$. The group $O_{m-1,1}(\mathbb{R})$ contains an element that exchanges $x_1$ and $x_n$. Since $T$ acts as a non-zero scalar the analysis reduces to orbits in the positive eigenvalue spaces. We have 3 different cases: \begin{enumerate} \item \textbf{Eigenvalue $3$.}\label{c:1} The only eigenvector is proportional to $x_1^3$. The stabilizer group is a minimal parabolic subgroup of $O_{m-1,1}$, i.e. a minimal subgroup of $O_{m-1,1}$ the complexification of which contains a Borel subgroup. \item \textbf{Eigenvalue $2$.} Eigenvectors are of the form $x_1^2f(\bar x)$ where $f$ is linear. One can normalize any such vector to $x_1^2 x_2$ using the action of $O_{n-2}(\mathbb{R})$. The stabilizer group is the subgroup of a minimal parabolic from \eqref{c:1} that fixes $x_1$. \item \textbf{Eigenvalue $1$.} Eigenvectors are of the form $x_1q(\bar x)+\beta x_1^2 x_n$ where $q$ is a quadratic form. In this particular case it is convenient to normalize $L_1$ not to trace-free form but to the form with $\beta=0$ . We normalize $q$ is to $q(\bar x)=3\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} \alpha_i x_i^2$ by orthogonal transformations and we scale the first coefficient $\alpha_1$ to~$1$. The stabilizer of $L_1$ is the subgroup of a minimal parabolic group from \eqref{c:1} that fixes $q$. \end{enumerate} \end{proof} Proposition \ref{P:L1} completes the third step of Cartan's moving frame method. The stabilizer Lie groups for $V_2$ and the corresponding Lie algebras are \begin{align*} G_3 &= \begin{pmatrix} E\cdot A_3 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & E^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix},\quad A_3\in O_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}), A_3.L_1=e\cdot L_1 \\ \mathfrak{g}_3 &= \begin{pmatrix} a_3 +e & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 e & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \quad a_3\in\mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}), a_3.L_1=e\cdot L_1 \end{align*} We proceed with the 4th step of Cartan's equivalence method using the obtained tensors $L_1$. We will need an action of the scaling component of $CO_{p,q}^+(\mathbb{R})$ on the transitive part of the symmetry algebra. Using the action of \[ A_E=\begin{pmatrix} E I_n & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & E^2 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] we have \[\operatorname{Ad}_{A_E^{-1}} \begin{pmatrix} L(X) & L_3(X) & X \\ X^t I_{n-1,1} & L_4(X) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} L(X) & E L_3(X) & \frac1E X \\ \frac1E X^t I_{n-1,1} & L_4(X) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \] where $L(X)=L_1(X)+L_2(X)$, $L_2(X)\in\mathfrak{so}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}).$ Substituting $\frac1E X$ with $Y$ we obtain the answer \[ \begin{pmatrix} E L(Y) & E^2 L_3(Y) & Y \\ Y^t I_{n-1,1} & E L_4(Y) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \] Consider the three cases from Proposition \ref{P:L1}. \textbf{1. $L_1=x_1^3$.} The stabilizer $G_3$ of $L_1$ coincides with the stabilizer of $x_1$, which is \begin{equation}\label{s3:e1} \begin{pmatrix} Z^3 A_3 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & Z^6 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \end{equation} where \[ A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} Z & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & D_{n-2} \\ 0 & 0 & Z^{-1} \end{pmatrix} . \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -Q^t_{n-2} & -|Q_{n-2}|^2/2 \\ 0 & 1 & Q_{n-2}\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \] and $D_{n-2}\in O_{n-2}(\mathbb{R}),$ $Q_{n-2}\in \mathbb{R}^{n-2},$ $Z\in R^*_+$. The corresponding Lie algebra has the form \[ \mathfrak{g}_3=\begin{pmatrix} 4z & -q^t & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 3z + d_{n-2} & q & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 2z & 0 & 0 \\ 0&0&0& 6z &0 \\ 0&0&0&0&0 \end{pmatrix}. \] We find that all possible $V_3\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_3)$ are \[ V_3 = \begin{pmatrix} L_1(X)+L_2(X) & L_3(X) & X \\ (I_{n-1,1}X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix}, \] where $L_3\in \operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $L_2(X)$ has the form \[ \begin{blockarray}{cccc} {\scriptstyle 1} & {\scriptstyle n-2} & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ \begin{block}{(ccc)c} W(X) & 0 & 0 & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ P(X) & 0 & 0 & {\scriptstyle n-2} \\ 0 & -P(X)^t & -W(X) & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ \end{block} \end{blockarray}. \] According to the proof of Proposition \ref{P:L1}, the isotropy group $G_\infty$ and therefore the stabilizer $G_4$ of $V_3$ contains an element $T$ of the form \eqref{s3:e1} with $Z\neq 1$ and \[ A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} Z & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & D_{n-2} \\ 0 & 0 & Z^{-1} \end{pmatrix} .\] In order to preserve $V_3$ the element $T$ must preserve the tensors $L_2$ and $L_3$. Therefore, since \[ T_1=\begin{pmatrix} Z^3 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & Z^6 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] scales $L_2$ by $Z^3$, $L_3$ by $Z^6$ and $T$ is a product of $T_1$ and $A_3$, the element $A_3$ scales $L_2$ and $L_3$ by $Z^{-3}$ and $Z^{-6}$, respectively. But this is impossible unless $L_2= 0$, $L_3=0$, since $L_2$, $L_3$ have eigenvalues with respect to $A_3$ in the range $\{K^2,K,1,K^{-1},K^{-2}\}$. We conclude that $L_2$ and $L_3$ are $0$ and Cartan's equivalence method terminates in this case. As a result there exists only one tubular surface with $L_1=x_1^3$ which is a part of a boundary of a homogeneous domain. The normal form of the equation with symmetry algebra $\mathfrak{h}=V_\infty\oplus\mathfrak{g}_\infty=V_2\oplus\mathfrak{g}_3$ is \begin{equation}\label{srf:2} x_{n+1}=x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_{1}^3; \end{equation} \textbf{2. $L_1=3 x_1^2 x_2$.} The stabilizer $G_3$ of $L_1$ in this case consists of transformations fixing $x_1$ and $x_2$: \begin{equation}\label{s3:e2} \begin{pmatrix} Z^2 A_3 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & Z^4 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \end{equation} where \[ A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} Z & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & D_{n-3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & Z^{-1} \end{pmatrix} . \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & -Q^t_{n-3} & -|Q_{n-3}|^2/2 \\ 0& 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & Q_{n-3}\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] and $D_{n-3}\in O_{n-3}(\mathbb{R}),$ $Q_{n-3}\in \mathbb{R}^{n-3},$ $Z\in R^*_+$. The corresponding Lie algebra has the form \[ \mathfrak{g}_3=\begin{pmatrix} 3z & 0 & -q^t_{n-3} & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 2z & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 2z + d_{n-3} & q_{n-3} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & z & 0 & 0 \\ 0&0&0& 0 & 4z & 0 \\ 0&0&0&0&0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \] We find that all possible $V_3\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_3)$ are \[ V_3 = \begin{pmatrix} L_1(X)+L_2(X) & L_3(X) & X \\ (I_{n-1,1}X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix}, \] where $L_3\in \operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $L_2$ has the form \[ \begin{blockarray}{ccccc} {\scriptstyle 1} & {\scriptstyle 1} & {\scriptstyle n-3} & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ \begin{block}{(cccc)c} Z(X) & -Q_1(X) & 0 & 0 & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ P_1(X) & 0 & -S(X)^t & Q_1(X) & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ P_2(X) & S(X) & 0 & 0 & {\scriptstyle n-3} \\ 0 & -P_1(X) & -P_2(X)^t & -Z(X) & {\scriptstyle 1} \\ \end{block} \end{blockarray} .\] By the same argument as in the first case, the isotropy group contains at least one element \eqref{s3:e2} with \[ A_3 = \begin{pmatrix} Z & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & D_{n-3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & Z^{-1} \end{pmatrix}. \] Since \[ \begin{pmatrix} Z^2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & Z^4 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] scales $L_2$ by $Z^2$ and $L_3$ by $Z^4$, $A_3$ must scale $L_2$ and $L_3$ by $Z^{-2}$ and $Z^{-4}$. Checking the eigenvalues we see that $L_3=0$ and the only possible $L_2$ has $Q_1= \beta\cdot x_n^*\otimes x_1$ and all other parts equal to $0$. Since $G_3$ already preserves $ x_n^*\otimes x_1 \sim x_1^2$ the Cartan equivalence method stops. We obtain a 1-parameter family of tubular surfaces. The normal form of the corresponding equation is \begin{equation}\label{srf:3} x_{n+1} = x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_{1}^2 x_2 + \alpha x_{1}^4; \end{equation} with $\alpha=\frac17\beta.$ \textbf{3. $L_1=3x_1\left(\sum_{i=2}^{n-1}\alpha_i x_i^2\right)=3x_1q(\bar x)$.} First we notice that $q(\bar x)$ does not decompose into a product of two linear terms, one of which is light-like. As a consequence the stabilizer $G_3$ must preserve $x_1$ as well as the quadratic form $q$. Consider the action of \[ K = \begin{pmatrix} Z & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & D & 0\\ 0 & 0 & Z^{-1} \end{pmatrix} . \begin{pmatrix} 1 & -Q^t & -|Q|^2/2 \\ 0 & 1 & Q\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \] on $\alpha=\operatorname{diag}( \alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_{m-2})\in \operatorname{Hom}(\mathbb{R}^{m-2},\mathbb{R}^{m-2})$ which represents the bilinear form $q$: \[ K^t \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \alpha & 0 \\ 0 &0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} K = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & D^t\alpha D & Z^{-1} D^t Q^t\alpha Q \\ 0 & Z^{-1} Q \alpha Q^t D & Z^{-2} \sum_i \alpha_i(Q_i)^2) \end{pmatrix}.\] Since $Z^{-1} D^t Q^t\alpha Q =0$ iff $ Q^t\alpha Q=0$ we obtain that $Q_i\neq 0$ only if $\alpha_i=0$. This condition also implies $\sum_i \alpha_i(Q_i)^2=0$. Therefore, the stabilizer $G_3$ of $L_1$ consists of elements \[\begin{pmatrix} Z A_3 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & Z^2 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \] where $A_3$ is formed by elements $K$ with the restrictions: $Q_i = 0$ if $\alpha_i\neq0$, $D\in \prod_k O(\mathbb{R}^{i_k})$ and $i_k$ is the number of equal $\alpha_i$. Note that in the generic case, when $\alpha_i\neq 0$, $\alpha_i\neq\alpha_j$ for $i\neq j$, the stabilizer is 1-dimensional. There are only two subgroups of dimension $\frac{(n-2)(n-3)}2+1$ for $n\ge 4$ that can stabilize some $\alpha$. First, the stabilizer of $\alpha=\operatorname{diag}(1,0,\dots,0)$, which is $CO_{n-3}^+(\mathbb{R})\times\mathbb{R}^{n-3}$ and second, the stabilizer of $\alpha=\operatorname{diag}(1,1,\dots,1)$, which is $CO_{n-2}^+(\mathbb{R})$. We will use this fact later after exploring the possible types of $V_3\in\operatorname{Gr}_n(\mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{g}_3)$. Below we assume that $\bar x,\bar y\in\langle x_2,\dots,x_{n-1}\rangle$. Consider \[ V_3(X) = \begin{pmatrix} L_1(X)+L_2(X) & L_3(X) & X \\ (I_{p,q}X)^t & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix}. \] Applying Proposition \ref{P:L1}, similarly to the previous cases, we obtain \[ L_2(x_1)=\begin{pmatrix} z & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & d & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -z \end{pmatrix}, \,\, L_2(\bar x)=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -q^t(\bar x) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & q(\bar x) \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \] where $d\in \mathfrak{so}_{n-2}/\prod_k \mathfrak{so}_{i_k}$, $q_i(\bar x)=0$ if $\alpha_i=0$, $L_2(x_1)=0$ and $L_3=\beta x_n^*\otimes x_1$. Let us calculate the restrictions imposed by Proposition \ref{CS} for the current step of Cartan's moving frame method. The Lie bracket of 2 elements in an $n$-dimensional plane $V_3$ is \[ [V_3(X),V_3(Y)]= \begin{blockarray}{(ccc)} T(X,Y) & * & L_2(X)Y- L_2(Y)X \\ * & * & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{blockarray}, \] where \[ T(X,Y) = [L_1(X)+L_2(X),L_1(X)+L_2(X)]+L_3(X)Y^t I-L_3(Y)X^t I.\] Proposition \ref{CS} implies that the symmetric part of $T(X,Y)$ is equal to \[L_1( L_2(X)Y- L_2(Y)X).\] We denote by $Z(X,Y)$ the expression $L_2(X)Y - L_2(Y)X$. Recall that \[L_1(x_1)=0,\,\, L_1(x_i)= \alpha_i( x_i^*\otimes x_1 + x_n^*\otimes x_i),\,\, L_1(x_n)=\sum_i \alpha_i x_i^*\otimes x_i. \] We have to consider 4 cases: \begin{enumerate} \item $[V_3(x_1),V_3(x_n)]$. We have $L_1(x_1)=L_2(x_1)=L_3(x_1)=0$ and $Z(x_1,x_n)=-L_2(x_n)x_1=-z x_1$. Therefore $T(x_1,x_n)=L_1(-z x_1)=0$. Since $T(x_1,x_n)=-L_3(x_n)x_1^tI_{n-1,1}=\beta x_1\otimes x_n^t$ we conclude $\beta=0$ and hence $L_3=\beta x_n^*\otimes x_1=0$. \item $[V_3(\bar x),V_3(\bar y)]$. In this case $L_2(\bar x).\bar y =0$ and $ [L_1(\bar x)+L_2(\bar x),L_1(\bar y)+L_2(\bar y)]_{sym}=2\left((\alpha(\bar y),q(\bar x))- (\alpha(\bar x),q(\bar y))\right)x_n^*\otimes x_1=0$, which means that $q$ is a symmetric operator with respect to the form $\alpha$, or, in other words, $\alpha\circ q$ has a symmetric matrix. \item $[V_3(x_1),V_3(\bar x)].$ Everything vanishes in this case and we do not obtain any restrictions. \item $[V_3(x_n),V_3(\bar x)]$. In this case $Z(x_n,\bar x)=d\bar x - q(\bar x)$ and \begin{multline*} [L_1(x_n)+L_2(x_n),L_1(\bar x)+L_2(\bar x)]_{sym}= [L_1(x_n),L_2(\bar x)]+[L_2(x_n),L_1(\bar x)] =\\ \left[\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \alpha & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} , \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -q^t(\bar x) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & q^t(\bar x)\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \right] + \left[\begin{pmatrix} z & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & d & 0\\ 0 & 0 & -z \end{pmatrix} , \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \alpha^t(\bar x) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \alpha(\bar x)\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \right] \\ = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \left(\alpha\circ q(\bar x)+(z+d)\circ \alpha(\bar x)\right)^t & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \alpha\circ q(\bar x)+(z+d)\circ \alpha(\bar x)\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}. \end{multline*} Subtracting $L_2(Z(x_n,\bar x))$ from the expression above we obtain the relation: \begin{equation}\label{eq5} 2\alpha\circ q + z\alpha + [d,\alpha]=0 \end{equation} \end{enumerate} Now we are able to list all surfaces with isotropy of dimension $\frac{(n-2)(n-3)}2+1$ with $L_1$ of the form $x_1q(\bar x)$. The dimension of the biggest possible stabilizer for $\alpha$ and therefore of $V_3$ is exactly $\frac{(n-2)(n-3)}2+1$. It can be attained in two cases as was stated above. The first case is $CO_{n-3}^+(\mathbb{R})\ltimes \mathbb{R}^{n-3}$, which stabilizes $\alpha=\operatorname{diag}(1,0,\dots,0)$. In this case $q_i(\bar x)=0$, for $i>1$, and $d_{ij}=0,$ for $1<i<j$. The fact that $\alpha\circ q$ is symmetric implies that $q_{1i}=0$ for $i>0$. Solving $\eqref{eq5}$ yields $z=-2 q_{11}$ and $d_{1i}=0$. The stabilizer of $L_2$ defined by these conditions coincides with $G_3=CO_{n-2}^+(\mathbb{R})\ltimes \mathbb{R}^{n+2}$. Therefore Cartan's method stops here. It remains to check that the conditions of Proposition \ref{CS} are satisfied. We have \begin{multline*} T(X,Y)= [L_1( X)+L_2( X),L_1( Y)+L_2( Y)]_{skew}= \\ [L_1(X),L_1(Y)]+[L_2(X),L_2(Y)]. \end{multline*} The only non-trivial brackets in the expression above occur for $X=x_n$, $Y=\bar x$: \[0=T(x_n,\bar x)-L_2(Z(x_n,\bar x))= \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -R^t(\bar x) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & R(\bar x) \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \] where $R= [d,q]+\alpha^2+q^2+zq$. In this particular case we need to compute only \[R_1=(0+\alpha_1^2+q_{11}^2-2q_{11}^2)\otimes x_1^*=(\alpha_1^2-q_{11}^2)\otimes x_1^*.\] Since $\alpha_1=1$ we have 2 cases: $q_{11}=1$, $z=-2$ and $q_{11}=-1$, $z=2$. The corresponding surfaces are given by: \begin{equation}\label{srf:4} x_{n+1}=x_1 x_{n} + x_1\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2, \end{equation} \begin{equation}\label{srf:5} 0=x_{n+1} -2x_{n+1}x_n - 2 x_1 x_n^2 + x_1 x_{n} + \frac12 \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2. \end{equation} The second case ($G_3=CO^+_{n-2}(\mathbb{R})$) requires similar constants $q=1$, $z=-2$ and $q=-1$, $z=2$ ($q$ is a scalar operator here) and the resulting surfaces are: \begin{equation}\label{srf:6} x_{n+1} = x_1 x_{n} + \sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2 + x_1 x_2^2, \end{equation} \begin{equation}\label{srf:7} 0= (1-2x_n)(x_{n+1} + x_1 x_{n} +\frac12\sum_{i=2}^{n-1} x_i^2) + x_n x_2^2. \end{equation} \section{Generalized type C domains} \label{S:typeC1} Consider the hypersurface $$\Gamma := \{ x \in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} \mid x_{n+1}=x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2, \, \mathrm{and} \, x_1 >0\},$$ which is a trivial reparametrisation of the surface \eqref{typeC1} from Theorem \ref{thm2}. The surface $\Gamma$ is an affinely homogeneous hypersurface that lies on the boundaries of two domains in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, namely \begin{align*} \Omega^{>} &= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} \mid x_{n+1}> x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2,\, x_1>0 \} \, \mathrm{and} \\ \Omega^{>} &= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} \mid x_{n+1} < x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2,\, x_1>0 \}. \end{align*} Let us show that that $\Omega^{>}$ and $\Omega^{<}$ are homogeneous domains in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. One can easily verify that $\Omega^{>}$ and $\Omega^{<}$ are invariant under the following group $G$ of affine transformations in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$: \begin{align*} x_1& \mapsto qx_1 \\ x_2&\mapsto r^2(x_2 - 2 \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}s_jx_j +t)\\ x_j &\mapsto r(x_j + s_j), \; j=3,\ldots,n \\ x_{n+1} &\mapsto qr^2(x_{n+1}+x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n} s_j^2+ tx_1), \end{align*} where $t, s_j$, for $j=3,\ldots,n$, are arbitrary real parameters, $q>0$, and $r \neq 0$. Applying the transformation above to the point $(1,0,0,\ldots,0,1)\in\Omega^{>}$ gives \[ p=\bigl(q, r^2t, rs_3,\ldots, rs_n, qr^2(1+t + \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n} s_j^2)\bigr).\] Setting \begin{align*} q &= x_1\\ r &=\frac{\sqrt{x_{n+1}-\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}}{\sqrt{x_1}}\\ t &= \frac{x_1x_2}{x_{n+1}-\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}\\ s_j &= \frac{x_j\sqrt{x_1}}{\sqrt{x_{n+1}-\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}}, \, j=3,\ldots, n, \end{align*} we see that $p=(x_1, x_2,x_3,\ldots,x_n)$ can be any prescribed point in $\Omega^{>}$. Analogously, for $\Omega^{<}$ we take the point $(1,0,0,\ldots,0,-1)$ and setting \begin{align*} q &= x_1\\ r &=\frac{\sqrt{-x_{n+1}+\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}}{\sqrt{x_1}}\\ t &= \frac{x_1x_2}{-x_{n+1}+\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}\\ s_j &= \frac{x_j\sqrt{x_1}}{\sqrt{-x_{n+1}+\bigl(x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2\bigr)}}, \, j=3,\ldots, n, \end{align*} we map it to an arbitrary point $(x_1, x_2,x_3,\ldots,x_n) \in \Omega^{<}$. It follows that the tube domains \begin{align*} C^{>}& =\{x + \operatorname{i} y \, \mid \,x \in \Omega^{>}, y\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} \} \, \\ C^{<} &=\{x + \operatorname{i} y \, \mid \, x \in \Omega^{<}, y\in \mathbb{R}^{n+1} \} \end{align*} in $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ are holomorphically homogeneous. The group $G$ considered as a subgroup of affine transformations of $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$, combined with the translations in the imaginary parts of all variables acts transitively on either $C^{>}$ and $C^{<}$. We note that neither $C^{>}$ nor $C^{<}$ has a bounded realisation. Indeed, $C^{>}$ contains the complex line $\{z_1=1,z_{n+1}-z_2=1, z_3=\ldots=z_n=0\}$, while $C^{<}$ contains $\{z_1=1,z_{n+1}-z_2=-1, z_3=\ldots=z_n=0\}$. Now we will determine the entire holomorphic automorphism groups of $C^{>}$ and $C^{<}$, which we denote by $G^{>}$ and $G^{<}$, respectively. Let $\tilde{\Gamma}:= \Gamma + \operatorname{i} \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$. In coordinates $z_j=x_j + \operatorname{i} y_j, \; j=1,\ldots, n+1$ the equation of $\tilde{\Gamma}$ remains the same as of $\Gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, which is \begin{equation}\label{tildegamma} x_{n+1}=x_1x_2 +x_1\sum\limits_{j=3}^n x_j^2, \, x_1 >0 \end{equation} Let $\tilde{G} $ be the group generated by $G$, viewed as a subgroup of affine transformations of $\mathbb{C}^{n+1}$ and by imaginary translations in all coordinates. Clearly, $\tilde{\Gamma}$ is a hypersurface in $\partial C^{>} \cap \partial C^{<}$ with non-degenerate Levi form of the signature $(n-1,1)$. Since the Levi form of $\tilde{\Gamma}$ has both positive and negative eigenvalues every element of $G^{>}$ and $G^{<}$ extends holomorphically to a biholomorphic mapping of a neighbourhood of the reference point $p_0$, preserving $\tilde{\Gamma}$. Denote the subgroup of $G$ of the elements with $r=1$ by $H$. This subgroup acts simply transitively on $\Gamma$. Thus, the subgroup $\tilde{H} \subset \tilde{G}$ that is generated by $H$ and the imaginary translations acts simply transitively on $\tilde{\Gamma}$. Therefore any element $g$ of either $G^{>}$ and $G^{<}$ can be uniquely represented as $g= h\circ t$, where $h \in \tilde{H}$ and $t$ is an element of the isotropy subgroups $I_{p_0}^{>} \subset G^{>}$ and $I_{p_0}^{<} \subset G^{<}$ at $p_0$, respectively. Therefore, to determine $G^{>}$ and $G^{<}$ it remains to describe $I_{p_0}^{>}$ and $I_{p_0}^{<}$ for an arbitrary point $p_0 \in \tilde{\Gamma}$. It is convenient to choose $p_0=(1,0,0,\ldots,0,0)$ as the base point. Let $I_{p_0}$ be the group of all (local) biholomorphic automorphisms of $\tilde{\Gamma}$, defined in a neighbourhood of $p_0$ and preserving $p_0$. Since, $I_{p_0}^{>}$ and $I_{p_0}^{<}$ consist of global automorphisms, they should belong to $I_{p_0}$. (We will see later that, in fact, $I_{p_0}^{>}=I_{p_0}^{<}=I_{p_0}$). If equipped with the topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets of the derivatives of all orders of the component functions, the group $I_{p_0}$ is known to have the structure of a real algebraic group \cite{Bel80}. In the theorem below we determine all generators of $I_{p_0}$. It appears more convenient to describe the corresponding Lie algebra $\mathfrak{is}_{p_0}$. \begin{thm} The Lie algebra $\mathfrak{is}_{p_0}$ of the group $I_{p_0}$ is generated by $n^2-4n+7$ holomorphic vector fields $Y_{2n+2}, \ldots, Y_{n^2-2n+8}$ of the form \begin{align*} Y_{2n+2}&= 2z_2 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2} + 2z_{n+1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}} + \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}\\ R_{j,k}&= z_k \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}-z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_k},\, 3\le j<k \le n,\; \mathrm{forming} \; Y_{2n+3}, \ldots Y_{\frac{n^2-n+8}{2}}\\ I_{j,k}&= \operatorname{i} z_k \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}+\operatorname{i} z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_k},\, 3\le j<k \le n,\; \mathrm{forming} \; Y_{\frac{n^2-n+10}{2}},\ldots, Y_{n^2-3n+8}\\ Y_{n^2-3n+6+j}&= -\operatorname{i} z_j^2 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2}+\operatorname{i} z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j},\, j=3,\ldots,n,\; \mathrm{forming} \; Y_{n^2-3n+9},\ldots, Y_{n^2-2n+6}\\ Y_{n^2-2n+7}&= 2\operatorname{i} (z_1-1) \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2} + \operatorname{i} (z_1^2-1) \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}} \\ Y_{n^2-2n+8} &= \frac{\operatorname{i}}{2} (z_1^2-1) \frac{\partial}{\partial z_1} + \operatorname{i} z_{n+1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2} + \operatorname{i} z_1z_{n+1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}}. \end{align*} \end{thm} \begin{rem} The notations $Y_1,\ldots, Y_{2n+1}$ are reserved for the vector fields that act transitively on $\tilde{\Gamma}$, namely: \begin{align*} Y_j&=\operatorname{i} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_j}, \, j=1,\ldots,n+1,\;\mathrm{forming} \; Y_{1},\ldots, Y_{n+1}\\ Y_{n+2}&= z_1 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_1}+z_{n+1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}}\\ Y_{n+j}&= -2z_j \frac{\partial}{\partial z_1}+ \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{j}},\; j=3,\ldots,n,\;\mathrm{forming} \; Y_{n+3},\ldots, Y_{2n}\\ Y_{2n+1}&= \frac{\partial}{\partial z_2}+z_{1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}}. \end{align*} \end{rem} \begin{proof} We first check that the biholomprphic change of variables \begin{align*} z_1 &= w_1+1\\ z_2&=w_2 -\frac{\operatorname{i} d_n}{10}w_1w_{n+1}-\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}\frac{2(w_j)^2}{(2+w_1)^2}\\ z_j&=\frac{2w_j}{2+w_1},\; j=3,\ldots,n\\ z_{n+1}&= -\operatorname{i} w_{n+1}+w_2+\frac{w_1}{2}\bigl(w_2 -\frac{\operatorname{i} d_n}{10}(2+w_1)w_{n+1}\bigr) \end{align*} for $d_n=\frac{5(n-2)}{2+n}$ that maps $p$ to the point $0$ in $w$-coordinates transforms the equation (\ref{tildegamma}) to the following closed form implicit equation: \begin{Small} \begin{equation}\label{chernmosergamma} \frac{\Im w_{n+1}}{10}=\Re \frac{4(w_1+1)\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2 +|w_1|^2(2w_2+w_1\overline{w_2})+4w_1\overline{w_2}+2(w_1)^2\overline{w_2}}{(2+w_1)(2+\overline{w_1})(20-d_nw_1\overline{w_1})}. \end{equation} \end{Small} We can now show that, in fact, expanding \eqref{chernmosergamma} and resolving it with respect to $\Im w_{n+1}$ in terms of $w'=(w_1,\ldots,w_n)$ yields an equation \begin{equation*} \Im w_{n+1} = F_{11}(w', \overline{w'}) +\sum\limits_{k,\ell \ge2}F_{k,\ell}(w', \overline{w'}), \end{equation*} where $F_{k,\ell}(w', \overline{w'})$ is a polynomial of bidegree $ (k,\ell)$ in Chern-Moser normal form \cite{CM}. Indeed, the Levi form of this hypersurface is \begin{equation*} F_{11}(w', \overline{w'}) = \frac{1}{2}\bigl(\Re w_1\overline{w_2} + \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}w_j\overline{w_j}\bigr), \end{equation*} and, hence, the Chern-Moser $\operatorname{tr}$ operator is \begin{equation*} \operatorname{tr} = 4\bigl( \frac{\partial^2}{\partial w_1 \overline{w_2}} +\frac{\partial^2}{\partial w_2 \overline{w_1}}\bigr) + 2\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial w_j \overline{w_j}} \end{equation*} The further expansion by jets yields: \begin{align*} F_{22}(w', \overline{w'})& =\frac{1}{8}|w_1|^2\bigl(\frac{d_n}{5}\Re w_1\overline{w_2}-\frac{4}{n+2}\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2\bigr),\\ F_{32}(w', \overline{w'})& =\frac{1}{16}w_1|w_1|^2\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2,\\ F_{33}(w', \overline{w'})& =\frac{d_n|w_1|^4}{160}\bigl(\frac{d_n}{5}(\Re w_1\overline{w_2}+ \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2) - \sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2\bigr). \end{align*} The holomorphic vector field $Y_{n^2-2n+8}$ does not contain the variables $z_j, j=3,\ldots,n$ and integrates to the $1$-parametric group $\phi_t$ of symmetries \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto \frac{\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} + z_1-1} {\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1} ,\\ z_2 & \mapsto -\frac{-\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 z_2 +2\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_{n+1} - \operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_2 +z_2z_1-2z_{n+1}-z_2} {\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1},\\ \tilde{z} & \mapsto\tilde{z}, \; \mbox{for} \; \tilde{z} =(z_3,\ldots,z_n),\\ z_{n+1} & \mapsto \frac{4\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_{n+1}} {(\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1)^2}. \end{align*} The push-forward \begin{small}$$ \tilde Y_{n^2-2n+8} = \frac{\operatorname{i}}{2} (w_1^2 + 2w_1)\frac{\partial}{\partial w_1} + (\operatorname{i} w_2 + w_4 + \frac{\operatorname{i} w_1w_2}{2} -\frac{w_1^2w_4}{20} \frac{\partial}{\partial w_{2}} + \frac{\operatorname{i} w_1}{2}\sum\limits_{j=3}{n+1}w_j\frac{\partial}{\partial w_{j}} $$ \end{small} of $Y_{n^2-2n+8}$ in normal $w$-coordinates indicates that the Jacoby matrix $\operatorname{D} \phi_t(0)$ in coordinates $w$ is $$ \operatorname{D} \phi_t(0)= \begin{bmatrix} \operatorname{e}^{\operatorname{i} t} & 0 & 0 &\dots & 0\\ 0 & \operatorname{e}^{\operatorname{i} t} & 0 &\dots & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \dots & 0\\ \vdots &\vdots &\ddots & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \dots & 0 \end{bmatrix}. $$ In these coordinates the isotropy group $I_0$ (that corresponds to $I_p$ at the original base point) contains the subgroup $I$, consisting of $\phi_t(w)$ and \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto r^2(w_2 + \operatorname{i} u w_1),\\ \tilde{w} & \mapsto r U \tilde{w}, \; \mbox{for} \; \tilde{w} =(w_3,\ldots,w_n),\\ w_{n+1} & \mapsto r^2 w_{n+1}, \end{align*} for $r \neq 0, \, u \in \mathbb{R}$ and some unitary {\small $(n-2)\times (n-2)$} matrix $U$ that preserves the positive definite hermitian form $\sum\limits_{j=3}^{n}|w_j|^2$. We show, that, in fact, $I_0= I$. Let $\Phi \in I_0$. Then the pseudo-unitary linear transformation $\operatorname{D} \Phi(0)$ has to preserve $F_{22}(w', \overline{w'})$. The Lie algebra of linear holomorphic vector fields that preserve $F_{22}(w', \overline{w'})$ consists of all fields of the form $\mathcal X = w X \frac{\partial}{\partial w}$, such that $\Re \mathcal X F_{22} = \lambda F_{22}, \quad \lambda \in \mathbb{R}$. The general form of the matrix $X$ is $$ X = \begin{bmatrix} r_{11} + \operatorname{i} s_{11} & \operatorname{i} s_{12} & -2r_{32} + 2\operatorname{i} s_{32} &\dots &\dots & -2r_{n2} + \operatorname{i} s_{n2}\\ \operatorname{i} s_{21} & -r_{11} + \operatorname{i} s_{11} & 2r_{31} + 2\operatorname{i} s_{31} &\dots & \dots &-2r_{n1} + \operatorname{i} s_{n1}\\ r_{31} + \operatorname{i} s_{31} & r_{32} + \operatorname{i} s_{32} &\operatorname{i} s_{33} & x_{34} & \dots & x_{3n} \\ r_{41} + \operatorname{i} s_{41} & r_{42} + \operatorname{i} s_{42} & -\overline{x_{34}} & \operatorname{i} s_{44} & \dots & x_{3n} \\ \vdots &\vdots &\vdots & \vdots &\vdots & \vdots \\ r_{n1} + \operatorname{i} s_{n1} & r_{n2} + \operatorname{i} s_{n2} & -\overline{x_{3n}} & -\overline{x_{4n}} & \dots & \operatorname{i} s_{nn} \end{bmatrix}. $$ Subtracting the fields of the known isotropy $I$ yields $$ X = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & \operatorname{i} s_{12} & -2r_{32} + 2\operatorname{i} s_{32} &\dots &\dots & -2r_{n2} + \operatorname{i} s_{n2}\\ 0 & 0 & 2r_{31} + 2\operatorname{i} s_{31} &\dots & \dots &-2r_{n1} + \operatorname{i} s_{n1}\\ r_{31} + \operatorname{i} s_{31} & r_{32} + \operatorname{i} s_{32} &0 & 0 & \dots & 0 \\ r_{41} + \operatorname{i} s_{41} & r_{42} + \operatorname{i} s_{42} & 0 & 0 & \dots & 0 \\ \vdots &\vdots &\vdots & \vdots &\vdots & \vdots \\ r_{n1} + \operatorname{i} s_{n1} & r_{n2} + \operatorname{i} s_{n2} &0 & 0 & \dots & 0 \end{bmatrix}. $$ Considering the form of $F_{22}$, the condition $\Re \mathcal X F_{22} = w X \frac{\partial}{\partial w} F_{22} = 0$ implies that the first row of $X$ must be zero. Therefore, its second row is zero as well, and, hence, $X=0$. Thus, the Jacobi matrices of all known isotropy automorphisms form the entire subgroup of unitary transformations that preserve $F_{22}$. Thus, $I_0 \subset I$, and, therefore $I_0=I$. The isotropy transformations in $I_p$ that correspond to elements of $I_0$ of the form \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto r^2w_2 ,\\ \tilde{w} & \mapsto r \tilde{w}, \; \mbox{for} \; \tilde{w} =(w_3,\ldots,w_n),\\ w_{n+1} & \mapsto r^2 w_{n+1}, \end{align*} are obviously the elements of the affine subgroup $G$ of the same form \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto z_1,\\ z_2 & \mapsto r^2z_2 ,\\ \tilde{z} & \mapsto r \tilde{z}, \; \mbox{for} \; \tilde{z} =(z_3,\ldots,z_n),\\ z_{n+1} & \mapsto r^2 z_{n+1}. \end{align*} The isotropy in $I_p$ that corresponds to the generator \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto w_2 + \operatorname{i} u w_1,\\ \tilde{w} & \mapsto \tilde{w}, \\ w_{n+1} & \mapsto w_{n+1}, \end{align*} of $I_0$ is \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto z_1,\\ z_2 & \mapsto z_2 + \operatorname{i} u (z_1-1),\\ \tilde{z} & \mapsto \tilde{z}, \\ z_{n+1} & \mapsto z_{n+1} +\frac{\operatorname{i} u((z_1)^2-1)}{2}. \end{align*} The elements of $I_p$ that correspond to the generators \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto w_2 ,\\ w_{3+j} & \mapsto \operatorname{e}^{I \theta} w_{3+j}, \mbox{for some}\; j \in \{0,1,\ldots,n-3\} \\ w_{3+k} & \mapsto w_{3+k}, \mbox{for} \; k=0,\ldots,n-2, \; k\neq j \end{align*} reduce to \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto z_1,\\ z_2 & \mapsto z_2 - \frac{(\operatorname{e}^{2\operatorname{i} \theta} -1)(z_{3+j})^2}{2} ,\\ z_{3+j} & \mapsto \operatorname{e}^{\operatorname{i} \theta} z_{3+j}, \mbox{for some} \; j \in \{0,1,\ldots,n-3\} \\ z_{3+k} & \mapsto z_{3+k}, \mbox{for} \; k=0,\ldots,n-2, \; k\neq j. \end{align*} The generators of $I_0$ of the form \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto w_2 ,\\ w_{j} & \mapsto \cos(\theta) w_{j} + \sin(\theta) w_{k} \; \mbox{for some pair}\; j,k \in \{3,\ldots,n\}, j<k \\ w_{k} & \mapsto -\sin(\theta) w_{j} + \cos(\theta) w_{k} \\ w_{\ell} &\mapsto w_{\ell}, \; \mbox{for all other}\; \ell \neq j \; \mbox{or} \; k \end{align*} correspond to rotations \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto z_1,\\ z_2 & \mapsto z_2 ,\\ z_{j} & \mapsto \cos(\theta) z_{j} + \sin(\theta) z_{k} \; \mbox{for some pair}\; j,k \in \{3,\ldots,n\}, j<k \\ z_{k} & \mapsto -\sin(\theta) z_{j} + \cos(\theta) z_{k} \\ z_{\ell} &\mapsto z_{\ell}, \; \mbox{for all other}\; \ell \neq j \; \mbox{or} \; k. \end{align*} The generators of $I_0$ of the form \begin{align*} w_1 & \mapsto w_1,\\ w_2 & \mapsto w_2 ,\\ w_{j} & \mapsto \cos(\theta) w_{j} + \sin(\theta) w_{k} \; \mbox{for some pair}\; j,k \in \{3,\ldots,n\}, j<k \\ w_{k} & \mapsto -\sin(\theta) w_{j} + \cos(\theta) w_{k} \\ w_{\ell} &\mapsto w_{\ell}, \; \mbox{for all other}\; \ell \neq j \; \mbox{or} \; k \end{align*} correspond to \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto z_1,\\ z_2 & \mapsto z_2 ,\\ z_{j} & \mapsto \cos(\theta) z_{j} + \operatorname{i} \sin(\theta) z_{k} \; \mbox{for some pair}\; j,k \in \{3,\ldots,n\}, j<k \\ z_{k} & \mapsto \operatorname{i} \sin(\theta) z_{j} + \cos(\theta) z_{k} \\ z_{\ell} &\mapsto z_{\ell}, \; \mbox{for all other}\; \ell \neq j \; \mbox{or} \; k. \end{align*} And, finally, the holomorphic vector field $Y_{n^2-2n+8}$ integrates to the $1$-parameter subgroup \begin{align*} z_1 & \mapsto \frac{\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} + z_1-1} {\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1} ,\\ z_2 & \mapsto -\frac{-\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 z_2 +2\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_{n+1} - \operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_2 +z_2z_1-2z_{n+1}-z_2} {\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1},\\ \tilde{z} & \mapsto\tilde{z}, \; \mbox{for} \; \tilde{z} =(z_3,\ldots,z_n),\\ z_{n+1} & \mapsto \frac{4\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_{n+1}} {(\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t}z_1 +\operatorname{e}^{-\operatorname{i} t} - z_1+1)^2}. \end{align*} As we see, all listed generators of $I_p$ are polynomial and birational transformations that give rise to the vector fields $Y_1, \ldots, Y_{n^2-2n +8}$ that generate $\mathfrak{is}_{p_0}$. \end{proof} Our final result shows that the domains $C^{>}$ and $C^{<}$ are not Penney nil-balls. \begin{thm} Neither of two domains $C^{>}$ or $C^{<}$ is equivalent to a nil-ball. \end{thm} \begin{proof} If either of these domains was equivalent to a nil-ball then $\tilde \Gamma$ would admit a transitive action of a nilpotent group (see \cite{P1}, \cite{P3}). This implies that the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of $G^{>} = G^{<}$ would have a nilpotent subalgebra that acts transitively on $\tilde \Gamma$. We will show that such a subalgebra does not exist. The following three vector fields form an $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{R})$ subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$: \begin{align*} &\frac\I4 \bigl( (z_1^2-1)\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{1}} + 2z_{n+1} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n}}+2z_{n+1} z_1 \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}}\bigr)= \frac12 Y_{n^2-2n+8} \\ &z_1\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{1}}+z_{n+1}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}} = Y_{n+2} \\ &\frac\I4 \bigl( z_1^2\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{1}} + 2z_{n+1}\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n}}+2z_{n+1} z_1\frac{\partial}{\partial z_{n+1}}\bigr) = \frac12 Y_{n^2-2n +8} + \frac14 Y_1. \end{align*} The isotropy contains only the first element. Therefore the projection of a transitive nilpotent subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ on this $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{R})$, if such exists, would be 2-dimensional and nilpotent. This is impossible. \end{proof}

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Claim "Davis Museum – The Davis Lisboa Mini-Museum of Contemporary Art in Barcelona" Davis Lisboa (São Paulo, Brazil, 1965), installation view of "The Polling Station Section from Davis Museum", 2009-ongoing. Glass ballot box, vinyl and mirror, lacquered wood pedestal, electric rotating base, velvet curtain on metallic bar, framed handmade embroidery on fabric, iPad kiosk, lacquered stool and carpet on wood stage platform. Dimensions: width 97 in (246 cm), height 65 in (166 cm), depth 59 in (150 cm). Although the Davis Museum can't challenge the cultural hegemony, it's an example of the emergence of independent museums created by artists to crack the monopoly of big cultural institutions, the establishment, and an attempt to create alternative channels and increase the visibility of contemporary visual creation, organizing exhibitions, uploading videos and publications as an alternative channel of expressive information. And yes, it could be seen as a small revolution in the way we think, organize and act culturally and politically, and not just in the way we create art with more or less exhibition space or funding. The Generalitat de Catalunya (Autonomous Community of Kingdom of Spain) formally recognizes the Davis Museum's permanent collection of contemporary art. This museum only could be created in Catalonia, a very politized society! If you want know more about the Davis Museum, click here: http://www.davismuseum.com .

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I'm going to take a three-part look at the Auditor General's Report into the Year-end Grants Provided by the Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration [PDF]. I'll start by providing the opening paragraph of a letter the Premier wrote to the Auditor General, contained in the Appendix of the report. Since taking office in 2003, our government has implemented a number of initiatives to improve transparency and accountability in our financial management processes. This has been particularly true with respect to our budgeting and fiscal planning processes. The Auditor General would, of course, demonstrate otherwise. Is it a lie or a mistake? I'll discuss that in another post. Premier Dalton McGuinty has again made veiled accusations of racism against Ontario's Conservatives and New Democrats which are beneath the dignity of his office, opposition party leaders charged Wednesday. "We understand that the Conservatives and the NDP will grasp at any opportunity to try and embarrass the governing Liberals, especially with an election a few months away. What we don't find amusing is their using needed assistance to minority communities to further their political ends," McGuinty read from the newspaper. Thankfully, the Opposition and public would not be swayed by such suggestions. It was unfortunate that neither the government nor its cheerleaders could collectively think, "Maybe if we're preaching that we support transparency and accountability, perhaps we should simply demonstrate it." All of this stonewalling and unnecessary smearing was done, despite the fact the Minister himself said the questions were legitimate. I don't think [Dalton McGuinty] would have called an investigation months before an election without knowing what it would find. Why did he delay? Maybe so that every group affected would know that the opposition thought they were unworthy of government funding. When the report comes out, watch for the Tories and NDP to wish that they had never questioned the value of grants to charities. It was then I promised not to whinge on about this until the report was issued. Well the report was issued, and I'm all out of bubblegum. Up next, the Auditor General's Report - A Review.

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little family, and that is the ritual of saying a blessing at dinner time. As a little girl, we would always say a blessing before meal time, and the significance was always there for me. Holding hands, slowing down, saying thank you for our blessings, I knew that I wanted this to be a daily practice in our home. These days, we say our blessing not in the most conventional sense. Sometimes we sing Johnny Appleseed. Sometimes we forget at the beginning of a meal and say it half way through. Sometimes the kids are too hungry and start eating before we say it. But all that doesn't matter. To me, it is the act that matters. Just the simple gesture and pause. And I look forward to it everyday. Sarah (right): It has stuck with me since childhood. You know the little nursery rhyme: "Starlight, start bright, first star I see tonight. I wish I may, I wish I might, have this wish I wish tonight." I can remember my Dad, bent down to meet me at eye level, looking out my bedroom window with me, into the night sky. He taught me the little song and showed me how to wish. The magic inherent in the wish is only activated if it is recited on the very first star I see. So be it: I can be driving, leaving an event, in a parking lot and when I look up and see it is a clear night, I stop what I am doing, and focus on the first star that catches my eye. I say it softly, to myself. I always will. It's a silly little ritual, but it gives me a reason to stop, slow down and send a wish out to the universe. I am superstitious, you won't be surprised to learn, so I cannot tell you for what I wish, but it's the same wish every time. My little secret.

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Q: Using np.loadtxt to Import Data from a Strangely-Formatted Text File I am trying to import data from a text file that I've received. The text file is somewhat large (400 MB). It is available from this link (https://drive.google.com/file/d/11CwId3feJRZGvP2OUAtixuZEFztrCP3W/view?usp=sharing). It may take a few minutes to download given its size. The data in the file are in a format I've never encountered before. The delimiter between columns seems to be a semi-colon, and the data rows seem to be separated from each other by a blank row. I've not been able to read in the data. The following is the Python code I'm using to try to import one column of string data and two columns of float data from the file: import numpy as np f = 'summ.txt' ID = np.loadtxt(f, dtype=np.str, unpack=True, usecols=[4], skiprows=8, delimiter = '; ') hbeg, hend = np.loadtxt(f3, unpack=True, usecols=[67,73], skiprows=8, delimiter = '; ') A solution/guidance would be wonderful. A: I would simply use csv to reformat it import csv import time start = time.time() with open('summ.txt') as fin, open('output.txt', 'w') as fout: csv_reader = csv.reader(fin, delimiter=';') # read semicolon csv_writer = csv.writer(fout, delimiter=',') # write comma for row in csv_reader: if row: # skip empty row row = [x.strip() for x in row] # remove spaces csv_writer.writerow(row) end = time.time() print('time:', end-start) On my computer it took ~31 seconds. But you can also keep values as 2D list and convet to numpy array or pandas DataFrame import csv import time start = time.time() IDs = [] hbeg = [] hend = [] with open('Pulpit/summ.txt') as fin: csv_reader = csv.reader(fin, delimiter=';') for row in csv_reader: if row: row = [x.strip() for x in row] if len(row) > 1: IDs.append(row[4]) hbeg.append(row[64]) hend.append(row[73]) end = time.time() print('time:', end-start) print(IDs[:10]) print(hbeg[:10]) print(hend[:10])

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Students running in council elections 1st May 2011 1st May 2011 James Rothwell Locals beware! While AV referendum fever sweeps the country, some Oxford students have their sights set on victory in local council elections across the UK next week. Second year St John's student Alex Harvey is standing for Labour in Grove ward, part of Vale of White Horse District Council. He hopes to improve communication between constituents and councillors, as well as protecting local services. Harvey said: "I have three main campaign trusts. I think listening to people is extremely important, and this is something other councillors haven't always done very well. Grove ward has been held by the Liberal Democrats since 1987. I want to help save local services, such as the ward's library and to make cuts in wasteful expenditure. The council is spending enormous amounts of money on vanity projects at the moment, such as a local magazine. It costs over £53,000 to produce – but it would cost us only £30,000 to save the library! I'd much rather protect that than maintain a pointless glossy." Harvey's Liberal Democrat opponent Sue Marchant was not available to comment. First year LMH student Jonathan Smith is standing for the Conservatives in Binley and Willenhall, Coventry. He said: "The biggest ongoing debate in my constituency is about hospital parking charges. Visitors have to pay large amounts, and of course people object to this. It's unreasonable that they should be paying so much money." He added: "I want a career in politics. There is a certain hierarchy when you stand as a first time candidate in this kind of election; I'm standing in an area where it's more of a challenge to win. Binley and Willenhall has been a strong Labour area for some time now." One Oxford tutor was optimistic about student councillors: "Local politics is mostly just big boys' games for the under-stimulated, sanctimonious and overly self-enamoured, so it'd make a nice change to have it done by fresh-faced youths whose convictions have yet to be vitiated by the creeping intransigence of old age." Juggling a degree with a council seat could be a tough challenge for both candidates: "I'm working and revising all day, before going out to canvass in the evening," Smith said. St Catz student Jade Ferrari planned to stand as a local candidate last year. She said: "I found that there was a perception, amongst all the parties, of local government as being full of busy-bodied megalomaniacs…I don't think the time commitment would be too much [for a student]. You only need to commit around 25 hours a week, which a Geography student like myself certainly has to spare." Confusion over alumni database Yes campaign "slays" FPTP dragon

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Features: A General disinfectant for floors, walls and drains. Kills smells and odours to leave a fresh pine atmosphere. Mix 1 part to 30 parts water for general cleaning. Heavily soiled articles should be rinsed clean before disinfection. Must not be used in food preparation or serving areas.

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New! UK Made Lucas Dynamo Generator Oil Seal You will get the one seal as pictured. Refurbishing your Lucas generator? Rebuild it properly using the best quality parts you buy! This is a great quality English made seal that you can trust! Fits many Lucas Dynamos from the E3L 20009, 20035, 20011, 20037; Short type Dynamos E3H 20003! Dynamos where fitted to a wide rang of Triumph, BSA, Matchless, Norton & AJS motorcycles! Please refer to your parts catalog for proper fitment.

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