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In other words, with the use of social media platforms, Daesh has managed to create a force unseen during the pre-Daesh times with the ability to recruit thousands of foreign fighters from all over the world in a short span of time.
It is interesting to witness that even individuals with no direct links to Daesh are able to create a massive wave of support for the group.
Daesh utilises the Internet for various purposes. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
Daesh utilises the Internet for various purposes.
This includes facilitating recruitment, communication, funding, training, planning and data mining.
Additionally, increasing use of the Internet for hacking purposes is also evident in the case of Daesh.
Most concerning however is their use of the Internet for spreading propaganda which has proven to be successful in facilitating recruitment and radicalising. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
The ability of Daesh to turn killings of civilians and raping of women and children into something noble and virtuous is alarming.
Hence, it is of utmost urgency that such a force created by Daesh be halted or at the very least limited.
Furthermore, the exploitation of religion in this case is apparent.
The continuous distortion of versus from the Quran and hadiths further gives credibility to their actions and the creation of the so-called caliphate. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
It is against this background that the online mobilisation of religious entities is paramount.
Designing a counter force that could quash their beliefs, in their own style and language, would benefit immensely in the effort to counter the threat of Daesh.
104 The mobilisation of religious movements however would only focus on the religious-based propaganda of Daesh. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
Therefore, in response to the political, economic and social aspects of Daesh propaganda, it is useful to project the images of the critical situation in Syria and Iraq as a result of Daesh’s control as well as Daesh’s current weakening state.
The images, in the form of counter-messages, would be able to play up the emotions of the readers/viewers on the sufferings of Daesh’s victims and to cast doubts in the minds of the readers and viewers of the legitimacy of Daesh. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
In reinforcing the effort to counter Daesh’s propaganda and presence online, two elements have been proposed.
The first is to disseminate the counter messages through active online platforms.
Active communication is required in achieving goals that online counter operations set out to do.
This would allow for better communications between the disseminator and the recipient, limiting the ability of Daesh to intercept with their own counter messages. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
In this regard, using active and interactive social media platforms would also require a certain degree of technical know-how.
Therefore, the second reinforcing component involves enhancing capabilities and technical knowledge of the counter-messages’ disseminators.
This element is crucial in ensuring the effectiveness of the counter-messages. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
Factors such as whether the counter-messages are reaching the right targeted audiences - whether it is yielding the intended impact or if it is being accepted positively or otherwise - could be analysed through various online monitoring and analytic tools.
Apart from that, it is important to bear in mind that Daesh supporters are active in producing and disseminating Daesh’s propaganda. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
In this aspect, to support the efforts in countering Daesh’s presence online, the counter force should also seek to proliferate counter-messages and match the volume produced by the former.
One way to achieve this is through limiting bureaucratic procedures in the process of producing counter-messages.
Consequently, another important aspect is to design counter-messages that are versatile and based on the culture of the targeted audience. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
This element is important as effective 105 counter-messages should resonate well among its recipients.
Elements of sincerity and honesty in the messages would also be of added value in the effort to draw the recipients’ attention.
Another important element in support of the counter-efforts is strengthening offline measures in combating Daesh’s presence online. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
In this regard, some of the online measures that could be strengthened includes fortifying national laws in order to monitor social media platforms, empower parents, teachers and local communities as well as enhance engagement between authorities and the local communities.
These approaches would function as preventive methods as it serves to detect, respond and deter any potential terrorist-related activities whether online or offline. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
The third and final element in supporting the efforts against Daesh online is the forging of Public-Private Partnerships.
Acknowledging the limitations that governments may face, particularly in terms of credibility and technical knowledge, PPPs could result in producing finer and more effective outputs. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
In this instance, private companies and NGOs could also play relevant roles in combating the threat of Daesh online, whether through training the government officials or by conducting counter-propaganda activities themselves.
Essentially, fighting the force of Daesh, whether online or offline requires a concerted effort at the international level and from various segments of a nation; from the security forces, to the civil entities, NGOs, CSOs and academicians. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/thematic2f/pw_1/1721911410576.pdf | https://www.searcct.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorists-Use-Of-The-Internet.pdf | Malaysia |
However, further research is needed to close the gap in knowledge currently present in the fight against Daesh.
Creative ways in dealing with the threat must also be formulated and last but not least, the drive to ensure its success is also crucial.
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